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Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1559-1568页

作者： Astrid E.J.OGILVIE Leslie A.KING Noel KEENLYSIDE François COUNILLON brynhildur DAVIÐSDÓTTIR Níels EINARSSON Sergey GULEV Ke FAN Torben KOENIGK james R.MCGOODWIN Marianne H.RASMUSSON Shuting YANG Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research(INSTAAR) University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80303USA Stefansson Arctic Institute AkureyriÍS-600Iceland Royal Roads University BC V9B 5Y2Canada University of bergen Bergen N-5007Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre Bergen N-5007Norway University of Iceland Reykjavík 102Iceland Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Moscow 117218Russia Moscow State University Moscow 11991Russia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100045China Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute SE-60176 NorrköpingSweden Danish Meteorological Institute CopenhagenØ2100Denmark Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS119017MoscowRussia

This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://***/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and the broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from the Nordic countries, Russia, China, the United States, and Canada. The project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with local knowledge holders. ARCPATH made significant contributions to Arctic research through an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive climate variability in the Arctic. In tandem with this research, a combination of historical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for the project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and the surrounding seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATH was able to provide an improved framework for predicting the near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several different disciplines and research approaches, ARCPATH served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, thus providing new pathways to action for Arctic communities.

关键词： Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

Immunotherapy and therapeutic vaccines in prostate cancer： an update on current strategies and clinical implications

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第3期16卷 364-371页

作者： b Harpreet Singh james L Gulley Medical Oncology branch Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health 10 Center Drive Bethesda Maryland USA

In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a viable and attractive strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. While there are multiple ways to target the immune system, therapeutic cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been most successful in late-stage clinical trials. The landmark Food and Drug Administration approval of sipuleuceI-T for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic prostate cancer set the stage for ongoing phase III trials with the cancer vaccine PSA-TRICOM and the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab. A common feature of these immune-based therapies is the appearance of improved overall survival without short-term changes in disease progression. This class effect appears to be due to modulation of tumor growth rate kinetics, in which the activated immune system exerts constant immunologic pressure that slows net tumor growth. Emerging data suggest that the ideal population for clinical trials of cancer vaccines is patients with lower tumor volume and less aggressive disease. Combination strategies that combine immunotherapy with standard therapies have been shown to augment both immune response and clinical benefit.

关键词： androgen deprivation immunotherapy prostate cancer therapeutic cancer vaccines

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地壳深熔过程中锆石的Zr同位素分馏

中国科学：地球科学 2024年第8期54卷 2534-2545页

作者：朱二林夏琼霞李赵雅陈仁旭 james VAN ORMAN 中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院合肥230026 中国科学技术大学岩石圈演化与环境演变全国重点实验室合肥230026 行星探索与前瞻性技术前沿科学中心合肥230026 Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland OH 44106USA

锆(Zr)作为高场强元素之一,由于有限的Zr同位素数据库,地质演化过程中的Zr同位素行为仍然存在许多疑问.岩浆体系中Zr同位素常用于示踪岩浆分异过程,而对于地壳深熔过程中Zr同位素分异与锆石结晶过程之间的关系仍有待研究.本研究对采自... 详细信息

锆(Zr)作为高场强元素之一,由于有限的Zr同位素数据库,地质演化过程中的Zr同位素行为仍然存在许多疑问.岩浆体系中Zr同位素常用于示踪岩浆分异过程,而对于地壳深熔过程中Zr同位素分异与锆石结晶过程之间的关系仍有待研究.本研究对采自南拉萨和北大别两个高温变质地体的混合岩进行了锆石原位Zr同位素分析,结果显示出较大的同位素分馏,δ^(94)/^(90)ZrIPGP值(标记为δ^(94)Zr)变化范围分别为-0.30‰~+0.81‰和-0.58‰~+0.49‰.在这些锆石中,除岩浆源区的残留锆石外,发现有两类新生锆石.根据寄主岩石的类型、锆石的微量元素含量和Zr同位素值,新生锆石可以分为两类:第一类是主要赋存于原位浅色体中的转熔锆石,具有最高的铌(Nb)-钽(Ta)-铪(Hf)-铀(U)含量,其δ^(94)Zr值变化范围较大,并显著高于残留锆石δ^(94)Zr值;第二类是主要赋存于异位浅色脉体中的深熔锆石,具有较高的Nb-Ta-Hf-U含量,其δ^(94)Zr值与残留锆石相似.数值模拟计算表明,新生锆石的Zr同位素组成变化较大,主要是部分熔融过程中锆石和非锆石相的差异分解所释放的Zr同位素不同而导致的.转熔锆石的Zr主要来自于原位深熔熔体中含锆矿物相的分解(非锆石效应),而深熔锆石的Zr主要来自于演化熔体中残留锆石的溶解(锆石效应).混合岩中显著的Zr同位素分馏很好地反映了部分熔融过程中深熔熔体生成-迁移-聚集-结晶的动力学过程.因此,Zr同位素可以作为区分地壳深熔过程中转熔锆石和深熔锆石的有力工具.

关键词： Zr同位素锆石效应非锆石效应混合岩地壳深熔作用

Floristic Diversity in Forest Management Units: Implications for biodiversity Conservation in FMU 09-025

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 327-345页

作者： Agbor james Ayamba Amos Fang Zeh Kamah Pascal bumtu Ndjounguep Juscar Mfonden Poumie Mounir Nkenfack Achey Djike Department of Forestry and Wildlife University of Buea Buea Cameroon Ajemalebu Self Help Kumba South West Region Cameroon Department of Geography University of Buea Buea Cameroon School of Mining University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Forestry and Wildlife University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Institute for Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon

The assessment of floristic composition and diversity is very important in forest management units. This study sets out to determine the species diversity and implications for biodiversity conservation in FMU 09-025 of the Campo Ma’an National park, South Region of Cameroon. Due to human activities in the area, the study site was divided into two blocks (A and b). The transect method was employed in data collection. A total 14 long transects were established parallel to each other in blocks at a distance of 3 km apart, 8 transects in block A and 6 Transects in block. In each transect, plots of 20 × 500 m were established at intervals of 500 m. Within each plot, all individual trees ≥ 10 cm were identified, measured, and recorded. The DbH of all trees were measured at 1.3 using the DbH meter tape. The height of trees was measured through estimation (average estimates of all field researchers). Results revealed a total of eight thousand one hundred and twenty four (8124) individual plants with DbH ≥ 10 cm in the entire study area. From this number, 5113 tree stems ≥ 10 cm were identified and measured in block A. This belongs to 216 species in 47 families. In block b a total of and 5011 stems were identified and measured. This belongs to 239 species in 47 families. Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae were found to be the most dominant plant families in the study site. Erythrophleum ivorense, Lophira alata, Dialium bipindense, Musanga cecropioides, Alstonia boonei, Pterocarpus soyauxii, Guibourtia ehie, Staudtia kamerunensis, Desbordesia glaucescens, Sacoglottis gabonensis were found to be the most dominant plant species. 41 species are of conservation concern according to the IUCN global Red List 2023 and IUCN local status. These species are considered species with high-priority for conservation. We have 6 endangered species, 11 near Threatened species, and 25 vulnerable species. There was no significant difference in species diversity in the two blocks.

关键词： Composition Floral Diversity FMU Conservation Concern

Management of distal cholangiocarcinoma with arterial involvement: Systematic review and case series on the role of neoadjuvant therapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2689-2701页

作者： Lewis A Hall Duncan Loader Santiago Gouveia Marta burak james Halle-Smith Peter Labib Moath Alarabiyat Ravi Marudanayagam bobby V Dasari Keith J Roberts Syed S Raza Michail Papamichail David C bartlett Robert P Sutcliffe Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Institute of Clinical Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

bACKGROUND The use of neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)in distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)with regional arterial or extensive venous involvement,is not widely accepted and evidence is *** To synthesise evidence on NAT for dCCA and present the experience of a highvolume tertiary-centre managing dCCA with arterial *** A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidance to identify all studies reporting outcomes of patients with dCCA who received *** patients from 2017 to 2022 who were referred for NAT for dCCA at our centre were retrospectively collected from a prospectively maintained *** characteristics,NAT type,progression to surgery and oncological outcomes were *** Twelve studies were *** definition of“unresectable”locally advanced dCCA was *** studies reported outcomes for 9 patients who received NAT for dCCA with extensive vascular involvement.R0 resection rate ranged between 0 and 100%but without survival benefit in most *** studies considered either NAT in resectable dCCA or inclusive with extrahepatic *** presented case series includes 9 patients(median age 67,IQR 56-74 years,male:female 5:4)referred for NAT for borderline resectable or locally advanced *** patients progressed to surgery and 2 were *** patient died at 14 months with evidence of recurrence at 6 months and the other died at 51 months following recurrence 6 months *** Evidence for benefit of NAT is *** on criteria for uniform definition of resectability for dCCA is *** propose using the established National-Comprehensive-Cancer-Network®criteria for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Neoadjuvant therapy Arterial involvement Locally advanced Systematic review

The human application of gene therapy to re-program T-cell specificity using chimeric antigen receptors

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2014年第9期33卷 421-433页

作者： Alan D Guerrero judy S Moyes Laurence JN Cooper Division of Pediatrics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center The University of Texas Graduate School of biomedical Sciences

The adoptive transfer of T cells is a promising approach to treat cancers. Primary human T cells can be modified using viral and non-viral vectors to promote the specific targeting of cancer cells via the introduction of exogenous T-cell receptors(TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors(CARs). This gene transfer displays the potential to increase the specificity and potency of the anticancer response while decreasing the systemic adverse effects that arise from conventional treatments that target both cancerous and healthy cells. This review highlights the generation of clinical-grade T cells expressing CARs for immunotherapy, the use of these cells to target b-cell malignancies and, particularly, the first clinical trials deploying the Sleeping beauty gene transfer system, which engineers T cells to target CD19+ leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

关键词： T细胞受体基因治疗异性重新编程抗原嵌合基因转移系统非病毒载体

Closed-form breakdown voltage/specific on-resistance model using charge superposition technique for vertical power double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor device with high-κ insulator

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Chinese Physics b 2018年第4期27卷 529-535页

作者： Xue Chen Zhi-Gang Wang Xi Wang james b Kuo School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiao Tong University Chengdu 611756 China "National" Taiwan University Talpei China

An improved vertical power double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor（DMOS） device with a p-region（P1） and high-κ insulator vertical double-diffusion metal–oxide–semiconductor（HKP-VDMOS） is proposed to achieve a better performance on breakdown voltage（bV）/specific on-resistance（Ron,sp） than conventional VDMOS with a high-κ insulator（CHK-VDMOS）.The main mechanism is that with the introduction of the P-region,an extra electric field peak is generated in the drift region of HKP-VDMOS to enhance the breakdown *** to the assisted depletion effect of this p-region,the specific on-resistance of the device could be reduced because of the high doping density of the N-type drift ***,based on the superposition of the depleted charges,a closed-form model for electric field/breakdown voltage is generally derived,which is in good agreement with the simulation result within 10% of *** HKP-VDMOS device with a breakdown voltage of 600 V,a reduced specific on-resistance of 11.5 Ωm·cm^2 and a figure of merit（FOM）（bV^2/Ron,sp）of 31.2 MW·cm^-2 shows a substantial improvement compared with the CHK-VDMOS device.

关键词： superposition HKP-VDMOS breakdown voltage specific on-resistance

Segmentation and classification of high resolution imagery for mapping individual species in a closed canopy,deciduous forest

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2006年第Z1期49卷 128-139页

作者： Timothy A.Warner james b.McGraw Rick Landenberger Department of Geology and Geography West Virginia UniversityMorgantown WV 26506-6300USA biology Department West Virginia UniversityMorgantown WV 26506USA

In this paper we investigate the use of a shadow-based delineation program for identifying segments in imagery of a closed canopy, deciduous forest, in West Virginia, USA, as a way to reduce the noise associated with per-pixel classification in forested environments. Shadows typically cluster along the boundaries of trees and therefore can be used to provide a network of nodes for the delineation of segments. A minimum cost path algorithm, where cost is defined as the cumulative sum of brightness values traversed along the connecting route, was used to connect shadow clumps. To test this approach, a series of classifications was undertaken using a multispectral digital aerial image of a six hectare test site and a minimum cost path segmentation. Three species were mapped: oaks, red maple and yellow poplar. The accuracy of an aspatial maximum likelihood classification (termed PERPIXEL classification) was 68.5%, compared to 74.0% for classification using the mean vector of the segments identified with the minimum cost path algorithm (MEAN_SEG), and 78% when the most common class present in the segment is assigned to the entire segment (POSTCLASS_SEG). by comparison, multispectral classification of the multispectral data using the field-mapped polygons of individual trees as segments, produced an accuracy of 82.3% when the mean vector of the polygon was used for classification (MEAN_TREE), and 85.7% when the most common class was assigned to the entire polygon (POSTCLASS_TREE). A moving window-based post-classification majority filter (POSTCLASS_MAJ5bY5) produced an intermediate accuracy value, 73.8%. The minimum cost path segmentation algorithm was found to correctly delineate approximately 28% of the trees. The remaining trees were either segmented, aggregated, or a combination of both segmented and aggregated. Varying the threshold that was used to discriminate shadows appeared to have little effect on the number of correctly delineated trees, or on the overall accu

关键词： remote sensing, digital forestry, image classification, segmentation.

NOD2 and ATG16L1 polymorphisms affect monocyte responses in Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第23期17卷 2829-2837页

作者： Dylan M Glubb Richard b Gearry Murray L barclay Rebecca L Roberts John Pearson Jacqui I Keenan judy McKenzie Robert W bentley Department of Medicine University of ChicagoIL 60637-1470United States Department of Medicine University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Gastroenterology Christchurch HospitalChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of biochemistry University of OtagoDunedin9054New Zealand Department of Pathology University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Surgery University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Haematology University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Paediatrics University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand

AIM： TO assess whether polymorphisms in NOD2 and ATG16L1 affect cytokine responses and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis （MAP） survival in monocytes from Crohn＇s disease （CD） patients METHODS： Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of CD patients of known genotype for common single nucleotide polymorphisms of NOD2 and ATG16L1, Monocytes were challenged with MAP and bacterial per- sistence assessed at subsequent time-points. Cytokine responses were assayed using a Milliplex multi-analyte profiling assay for 13 cytokines. RESULTS： Monooltes heterozygous for a NOD2 polymorphism （R702W, P268S, or 1007fs） were more permissive for growth of MAP （P = 0.045） than those without. There was no effect of NOD2 genotype on subsequent cytokine expression. The T300A polymorphism of ATG16L1 did not affect growth of MAP in our model （P = 0.175）, but did increase expression of cytokines interleukin （IL）-10 （P = 0.047） and IL-6 （P = 0.019）. CONCLUSION： CD-associated polymorphisms affected the eliminaUon of MAP from ex v/vo monooltes （NOD2）, or expression of certain oltokines （ATG16LI）, implying independent but contributory roles in the pathogenesis of CD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Mycobacteriumavium subspecies paratuberculosis Cytokine CARD15 Autophagy