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Invasion and predation in aquatic ecosystems

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 613-624页

作者： judith S. WEIS Department of Biological Sciences Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102 USA

This article reviews biological invasions in which predation (or its absence) plays a major role in the success of the invader. Examples are described in which the invader out-competes native species for the same food, and cases in which the invader consumes valued native species. In many instances, better predator avoidance by the invasive species or the absence of predators in the new habitat contributes to the success of the invaders; in other cases native or introduced predators appear to be able to keep the invasive species in check. A relatively new management approach in the US is the idea of adding another trophic level – to have humans act as the predators and consume the invasive species. This approach is being utilized in Florida and throughout the Caribbean against the lionfish, but could be extended to other fishes, as well as to various invasive crustaceans and mollusks. This idea is controversial, and current regulations prohibiting the possession of individuals of the invasive species (e.g., mitten crabs or snakefish) would preclude the development of a fishery for them.

关键词：生物入侵水生生态系统捕食入侵物种食肉动物乡土树种佛罗里达州甲壳类动物

Sex differences in the foraging behavior of a generalist hawkmoth

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 304-314页

作者： Gordon P.Smith Goggy Davidowitz Ruben Alarcón Daniel R.Papaj judith L.Bronstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA Department of Entomology University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA Department of Biology California State University Channel IslandsCamarilloCaliforniaUSA Current address:Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA

Within-species variation in pollinator behavior is widely observed, but its causes have been minimally investigated. Pollinator sex is associated with large differences in behavior that may lead to predictable differences in flower foraging, but this expectation has not been explicitly tested. We investigate sex-associated differences in nectar-foraging behavior of the hawkmoth Hyles lineata, using pollen on the proboscis as a proxy for flower visitation. We tested two predictions emerging from the literature: (1) the sexes differ in the flower species they visit, (2) females are more specialized in flower choice. We also examined potential drivers underlying these predictions by performing field and laboratory experiments to test whether males (3) switch among flower species more frequently, or (4) fly farther and therefore encounter more species than females. Consistent with prediction (1), pollen load composition differed between the sexes, indicative of visitation differences. Contrary to prediction (2), females consistently carried more species-rich pollen loads than males. (3) Both sexes switched between flower species at similar rates, suggesting that differences in floral fidelity are unlikely to explain why females are less specialized than males. (4) males flew longer distances than females;coupled with larger between-site differences in pollen composition for females, this result suggests that sex differences in mobility influence foraging, and that females may forage more frequently and in smaller areas than males. Together, our results demonstrate that sex-associated foraging differences can be large and consistent over time, and highlight the importance of sex as a driver of variation in pollinator behavior.

关键词： hawkmoths intraspecific variation pollination sex differences

Reducing systemic absorption and macrophages clearance of genistein by lipid-coated nanocrystals for pulmonary delivery

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第1期34卷 245-250页

作者： Yuan He Chang Liu Run Han Yingmin Liang judith Choi Wo mak Yinghao Zhu Haifeng Li Ying Zheng State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese medicine Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacaoChina Department of Pharmacy Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004China LKS Faculty of medicine Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institute of Applied Physics and materials Engineering University of MacaoMacaoChina

Pulmonary delivery is an effective drug delivery strategy for the treatment of local respiratory ***,the rapid systemic absorption through the lung due to the thin barrier and persistent lung clearances influence the drug retention in the *** this study,we designed a lipid-coated genistein nanocrystals(Lipo-NCs)formulation to achieve enhanced efficiency of local pulmonary *** LipoNCs were fabricated by modifying genistein nanocrystals(NCs)with phospholipid membrane through thin film hydration following the homogenization *** prepared Lipo-NCs exhibited a decreased drug release rate compared with the naked *** results demonstrated that intracellular uptake and transcellular transport of NCs by the Calu-3 epithelial layer were reduced after lipid ***,the macrophages clearance was also impeded by this Lipo-NCs *** vivo lung retention and distribution revealed that more genistein was retained in the lung after intratracheal administration of *** pharmacokinetic study displayed that the AUC((0-t))values of Lipo-NCs were 1.59-fold lesser than those of the NCs group,indicating a reduced systemic *** conclusion,this research indicated that Lipo-NCs could be a suitable formulation for reducing systemic absorption and macrophages clearance,and thus enhancing drug concentration in lung by pulmonary delivery.

关键词： Pulmonary delivery Lipid-coated nanocrystals Cell uptake Transport Systemic absorption macrophage clearances

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The modifying influence of HLA classⅡDQB1^(*)06:02 on the Streptococcus and clinical phenotype correlation among anti-Ro+mothers of children with neonatal lupus

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第4期10卷 1169-1171页

作者： Robert m.Clancy Carla J.Guthridge miranda C.marion Joel Guthridge Timothy D.Howard Peter m.Izmirly mala masson Jill P.Buyon judith A.James Carl D.Langefeld Department of medicine Division of RheumatologyNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOK 73104USA Department of Biostatistics and Data Science Wake Forest School of MedicineWinstone SalemNC 27101USA Center for Precision medicine Wake Forest School of MedicineWinstoneSalemNC 27101USA Department of Biochemistry Wake Forest School of MedicineWinstoneSalemNC 27101USA

The genus Streptococcus,a gram-positive bacterium,con-tains species associated with immune activation at morbid outcomes,including scarlet fever,endocarditis,meningitis,and rheumatic *** both stool and saliva,there is a pos-itive correlation between Streptococcus abundance and Sjogren’s syndrome(SS)and systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).

关键词： lupus mother fever Streptococcus

Bravo! / judith A. muyskens …[et al.]

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Immunology of a unique biological structure:the Echinococcus laminated layer

2009年

作者： judith A. muyskens …[et al.]

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Protein & Cell 2023年第2期14卷 87-104页

作者： Álvaro Díaz Anabella ABarrios Leticia Grezzi Camila mouhape Stephen J.Jenkins judith E.Allen Cecilia Casaravilla Área Inmunología Departamento de Biociencias(Facultad de Química)and Cátedra de InmunologíaInstituto de Química Biológica(Facultad de Ciencias)Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay Centre for Inflammation Research Queen's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH89JUUK Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterM139NQUK

The larval stages of the cestode parasites belonging to the genus Echinococcus grow within internal organs of humans and a range of animal *** resulting diseases,collectively termed echinococcoses,include major neglected tropical diseases of humans and *** larvae are outwardly protected by the laminated layer(LL),an acellular structure that is unique to this *** LL is based on a fibrillar meshwork made up of mucins,which are decorated by galactose-rich *** addition,in the species cluster termed *** sensu lato,the LL features nano-deposits of the calcium salt of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate(Insp_(6)).The main purpose of our article is to update the immunobiology of the *** recent advances in this area are(i)the demonstration of LL“debris”at the infection site and draining lymph nodes,(ii)the characterization of the decoy activity of calcium Inp6 with respect to complement,(iii)the evidence that the LL mucin carbohydrates interact specifically with a lectin receptor expressed in Kupffer cells(Clec4F),and(iv)the characterization of what appear to be receptor-independent effects of LL particles on dendritic cells and *** information is missing on the immunology of this intriguing structure:we discuss gaps in knowledge and propose possible avenues for research.

关键词： mucin complement Echinococcus macrophage dendritic cell Clec4F

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A multi-strain probiotic administered via drinking water enhances feed conversion efficiency and meat quality traits in indigenous chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第2期5卷 179-184页

作者： judith A.Atela Victor mlambo Caven m.mnisi Animal Nutrition Group Department of Animal SciencesEgerton UniversityPO Box 536Egerton20115Kenya School of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of MpumalangaP Bagx2046Mmabatho2735South Arica Department of Animal Science Faculty of Natural and Agricultural ScienceNorth-West UniversityP Bag x20462735South Africa Food Security and Safety Niche Area Faculty of Natural and Agricultural ScienceNorth West UniversityMafikeng 2745South Africa

Whereas the use of probiotics is commonplace in commercial production of improved chicken strains,little is known about the impact of these live microbial feed additives in indigenous chickens in South Africa. This study investigated the effect of a multi-strain probiotic(containing Bacillus safensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Cupriavidus metallidurans, total bacteria number was 1.4 × 10~8 cfu/mL),administered via drinking water, on growth performance, blood parameters, and carcass and meat quality characteristics of Potchefstroom koekoek cockerels for a period of 12 weeks. A total of 140 fiveweek-old cockerels were randomly allocated to 4 experimental diets formulated to have similar energy and protein levels as follows: 1) negative control diet(CON;commercial chicken grower diet without both antibiotics and probiotics), 2) positive control diet(ANTIB;commercial chicken grower diet with antibiotics [0.05% Coxistac and 0.04% olaquindox] but no probiotics), 3) negative control diet plus 2.5 mL of probiotics per litre of water(PROB25) and 4) negative control with 5.0 mL of probiotics per litre of water(PROB50). There was a significant(P ments had no significant(P > 0.05) effect on overall feed intake, overall weight gain and haemato-biochemical parameters of cockerels. Gizzard and spleen weights were similar(P > 0.05) in PROB50, CON and PROB25 groups. Cockerels in PROB50 group had shorter(P mall intestine than those in CON and PROB25 groups. Cockerels in PROB50 group had larger(P < 0.05) breast weight than those in PROB25 *** in ANTIB and PROB50 groups had greater(P < 0.05) wing and thigh weight

关键词： Antibiotics Blood parameters Indigenous chickens meat Probiotic

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Phylogenetic relationships of native and introduced Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) from China and India based on mtCOI DNA sequencing and host plant comparisons

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Progress in Natural Science:materials International 2007年第6期17卷 645-654页

作者： Susan A.Coats Ali m.Idris judith K.Brown Department of Plant Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Phylogenetic relationships for Bemisia tabaci were reconstructed by analysis of a ～780 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene with an emphasis on geographic range and distribution among eight eudicot plant families that are common hosts of B. tabaci worldwide to elucidate key phylogeographic linkages between populations extant in China (n=31) and India (n=34). Bootstrap values for the maximum Parsimony tree were highly robust for all major nodes involving the major Asian clade, subgroups, and sister groups within, at 92%—100%. Between-clade distances for the Southeast Asia and three other major clades, e.g. from sub-Sahara Africa, North Africa-mediterranean, and the Americas, were approximately >16% divergent. Two major Asian subgroups (I, II) were resolved, which represented populations indigenous to the region, comprising two (I a, I b) and five (II a—e) sister groups, respectively, which diverged by 11%. Two distinct populations from sunflower in Hyderabad grouped separately within the two Asian subgroups. All other populations grouped uniquely within Asian subgroup II or I. The "B" biotype was identified in 23 collections from China at 97.3%—99.5% nucleotide identity with "B" biotype reference sequences; it was not identified in collections from India. The majority of haplotypes were associated with 3—4 plant families, with one exception that for sister group IId (sesame, India), it might be monophagous. Thus, B. tabaci from the southeastern and near eastern regions of the Asian continent comprise of a large number of ancestral, richly divergent, mostly polyphagous populations. This region is therefore hypothesized to constitute an important Old World center of diversification for the B. tabaci complex, together with sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci complex cytochrome oxidase I host range phylogenetic relationship

Child and adolescent development for educators judith L. meece. 2nd ed.

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