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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 548-564页

作者： Tonou Boris Ronald Tchuente Pauline Vervaine Hagbe Eliane Flore Eyenga Kemadjou Ruth Edwige Dibacto Ngassa Dany Joël Ngoumen Fotso Janvier Aime Youovop Nguemto Roussel Guy Takuissu judith Laure Ngondi Julius Enyong Oben Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Centre for Food Food Security and Nutrition Research Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Yaound Cameroon Center of Nutrition and Functional Foods Yaound Cameroon

Introduction: Food security is one of the greatest challenges that most African countries face. It is a concept that considers not only food quantity but also food quality. The objective of this study was to describe dietary diversity and food security status at the individual level in Cameroonian populations. methods: A total of 1180 men and women aged 20 and over and living in the West, North West, and Littoral regions of Cameroon were recruited. Data on dietary habits were collected through the frequency of consumption of various food groups. Dietary diversity was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. Food security status was determined by combining two indicators (food consumption score and individual food diversity score). Results: The mean dietary diversity score of the population was 3.53 ± 1.44, p Conclusion: The diet diversity of adults living in the West, North West, and Littoral regions of Cameroon is medium. Although half of the study population was food secure, there is a need to implement food security policies further to reduce food insecurity among the Cameroonian population.

关键词： Dietary Diversity Individual Food Security Littoral West North West Cameroon

Phylogenetic relationships of native and introduced Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) from China and India based on mtCOI DNA sequencing and host plant comparisons

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Progress in Natural Science:materials International 2007年第6期17卷 645-654页

作者： Susan A.Coats Ali m.Idris judith K.Brown Department of Plant Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Phylogenetic relationships for Bemisia tabaci were reconstructed by analysis of a ～780 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene with an emphasis on geographic range and distribution among eight eudicot plant families that are common hosts of B. tabaci worldwide to elucidate key phylogeographic linkages between populations extant in China (n=31) and India (n=34). Bootstrap values for the maximum Parsimony tree were highly robust for all major nodes involving the major Asian clade, subgroups, and sister groups within, at 92%—100%. Between-clade distances for the Southeast Asia and three other major clades, e.g. from sub-Sahara Africa, North Africa-mediterranean, and the Americas, were approximately >16% divergent. Two major Asian subgroups (I, II) were resolved, which represented populations indigenous to the region, comprising two (I a, I b) and five (II a—e) sister groups, respectively, which diverged by 11%. Two distinct populations from sunflower in Hyderabad grouped separately within the two Asian subgroups. All other populations grouped uniquely within Asian subgroup II or I. The "B" biotype was identified in 23 collections from China at 97.3%—99.5% nucleotide identity with "B" biotype reference sequences; it was not identified in collections from India. The majority of haplotypes were associated with 3—4 plant families, with one exception that for sister group IId (sesame, India), it might be monophagous. Thus, B. tabaci from the southeastern and near eastern regions of the Asian continent comprise of a large number of ancestral, richly divergent, mostly polyphagous populations. This region is therefore hypothesized to constitute an important Old World center of diversification for the B. tabaci complex, together with sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci complex cytochrome oxidase I host range phylogenetic relationship

Disparities in Prevalence and Determinants of Hypertension amongst Bamiléké Adults Residing in Two Different Agroecological Zones of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第3期14卷 419-443页

作者： maxwell Wandji Nguedjo Nanhah Kamga Jules Vidal Alice Louise Woguia Pauline Vervaine Hagbe David Goda Dany Joël Ngassa Ngoumen Hippolyte Tene mouafo Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa judith Laure Ngondi Julius Enyong Oben Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Epidemiology and Nutritional Status Centre for Food Food Security and Nutrition Research Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Yaounde Cameroon Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences School of Clinical Medicines University of Fee State Bloemfontein South Africa Laboratory Development of Food Technology Centre for Food Food Security and Nutrition Research Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension (HTN) are one of the main causes of death in Cameroon. This study aimed at assessing prevalence disparities and determinants of hypertension amongst Bamiléké adults residing in two different agroecological zones of Cameroon. methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted among Bamiléké population living in the Highlands zone (Western region) and in the monomodal Rainforest zone (Littoral region) of Cameroon from August 2016 to August 2017. Participants (962) were aged at least 20 years old. Data on sociodemographic, hemodynamic, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters and lifestyle of the participants were collected. Results: Results obtained revealed that 34.2% were hypertensive and those residing in the highland zone were more affected than those living in the monomodal rainforest zone (44.5% vs 22.9%). The different subtypes of HTN (Isolated systolic hypertension (14.1%), isolated diastolic hypertension (7.2%) and Systo-diastolic hypertension (23.3%)) were also more prevalent in the Highlands Zone. The most prevalent stage of HTN was pre-HTN (31.5%). However, people living in the monomodal rainforest zone were more affected by pre-HTN compared to Bamiléké living in the highland zone (33.6% vs. 29.6%). Results also showed that high consumption (≥ 3 times/week) of carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods, ageing, obesity, and marital status were associated with high blood pressure in both agroecological zones. Besides, secondary education (OR = 0.68;95% CI: 0.42 - 0.99) in the Highlands Zone and high (≥3 times/week) vegetable consumption (OR = 0.66;95% CI: 0.44 - 0.98) in the monomodal Rainforest Zone had a protective effect on elevated blood pressure of population. Conclusion: There is a disparity in the prevalence of hypertension and some of its determinants among Bamiléké adults residing in different agroecological zones. This work highlights the need to advocate for local and ethno-cultural he

关键词： Hypertension Disparities Determinants Bamiléké Ethnic Group Agroecological Zone

Epidemiological, Clinical and Evolutionary Aspects of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Children in Nola

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 344-358页

作者： Brice Olivier Bogning mejiozem Gaspard Tékpa Synthia Ningatoloum Nazita Jocelyn Tony Nengom Danebera Lydie Verlaine Carine judith Kiteze Nguinzanémou Rostand Juste Koyangboi Kombaya Iris Vanessa Gaspiet Sonny Jean Chrysostome Gody Complexe Hospitalier Pédiatrique de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Service des maladies Infectieuses H&#244pital de l’Amitié Bangui République Centrafricaine Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Centre Hospitalo Universitaire Communautaire de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Faculté de médecineet des Sciences Biomédicales Université de Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroun

Background: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) occurs in three historical foci in the Central African Republic. Objective: To describe the morbi-mortality of childhood HAT in rural Central African Republic with the aim of early management. methods: Descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study conducted from January 1, 2017 to march 30, 2018 at Nola prefectural hospital. This study was included all children seen as outpatients and/or hospitalized in the pediatric wards, in whom the diagnosis of HAT was confirmed. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi-info software. Results: Forty children were included from Bilolo (60%), Nola (30%) and Salo (10%). The sex ratio was 0.66 with a median age of 8.65 ± 12.48 years. Fever (82.5%), nocturnal insomnia (75%), daytime somnolence (67.5%), headache (65%), polyarthralgia (62.5%), convulsions 52.5% (n = 21), tremor (27.5%), trypanidism (7.5%) and delirium (2.5%) were the main functional signs. Examination signs were adenopathy (52.5%), paresthesia (30%), decreased cutaneous-abdominal reflexes (25%) and osteoarticular reflexes (17.5%), hyperesthesia (20%), extrapyramidal hypertonia (15%) and depression (2.5%). The children were in the lymphatic-blood phase in 65% of cases, and meningoencephalitis in 35%. Pentamidine was administered in 65% of cases. Four children died and 6 had neurological sequelae. There was an association between age under 5, Bilolo’s focus, the children’s history and the severity of the disease. Age under 5, gender, household, children’s activity, history and occurrence of sequelae were also associated. Conclusion: HAT remains a permanent threat to Central African children. Any clinical presentation combining long-term infectious signs and unexplained neurological or neuropsychological disorders must be treated with caution.

关键词： morbidity-mortality Child HAT Nola CAR

Short-chain fatty acids in the context of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 2015-2016页

作者： judith metzdorf Lars Tonges Department of Neurology St.Josef-HospitalRuhr-University BochumBochumGermany

Research on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson´s disease(PD),Huntington’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is becoming increasingly important in our *** to the ageing of the population,the prevalence of these diseases continue to rise worldwide,and causal cures are not yet available(Erkkinen et al.,2018).This Perspective focusses on PD,a movement disorder of the central nervous system with an estimated prevalence between 65 and 1250/100,000 in Europe,affecting about 1 percent of the population older than 60 *** clinical symptoms include motor symptoms like bradykinesia,tremor or rigidity which are associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their innervating axonal fibers to the *** non-motor symptoms may consist in depression,hyposmia,cognitive decline or constipation due to impaired motility of the gastrointestinal tract.

关键词： Huntington impaired diseases

Contribution to the Study of the Incidence of Post-Streptococcal Complications in Republic Central African Republic from 2015 to 2018

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 110-121页

作者： Zéphirin Dalengat Vogbia Ernest Lango Yaya Jean De Dieu Longo Augustin Balekouzou Gaspard Tekpa Christian maucler Pamaticka Stéphanie judith N’Yetobouko maurel Anicet Adonis Ouoko Fatigbia Christian Diamant mossoro Kpindet Gérard Gresenguet Epidemiology and Research Service National Reference Center for Sexually Transmitted Infections and Anti-Retroviral Therapy Ministry of Health Bangui Central African Republic Direction of National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health Ministry of Health Bangui Central African Republic Training Project manager and Heald of Public Departement Ministry of Health Bangui Central African Republic Faculty of Health Sciences Doctoral School of Human and Veterinary Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic National Committee for the Fight against AIDS Primature Bangui Central African Republic Infectious Disease Department The Sino Central African Friendship University Hospital Center Bangui Central African Republic Epidemiology Department Bangui National University Hospital Center Bangui Central African Republic

Introduction: Acute rheumatic fever (AAR) is a non-suppurative complication of late infection by group A. Infections due to streptococci remain a public health problem in the Central African Republic. The present study aims to determine the incidence rate of AAR cases and its complications. methodology: This was a retrospective and analytical study over a period of 4 years (from January 2015 to December 2018) at the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health (LNBCSP) in Bangui. It focused on samples concerning the diagnosis of AAR and patient files seen in consultation in the capital’s reference health establishments. Laboratory registers and patient consultation files were used to collect data. They were entered into Excel 2010 to be analyzed with Epi Info 7. A univariate analysis by logistic regression, Ficher’s exact test, and chi2 at the 5% threshold (p Results: We analyzed 94 cases meeting Jones’s criteria. The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 85 years (mean age 52 years and mode 45 years). The incidence rate of AAR for the female sex was higher than that of the male sex during the study period (p > 0.05). It went from 166.6 in 2015 to 200 in 2016 and 2018 cases of AAR per 1000 people per year. The average incidence rate was 296.18 cases of AAR per 1000 people per year. The average incidence rate was 223.5 cases of AAR per 1000 people per year for joint damage. Joint damage represented 80.85% (RR = 0.62;Chi2 = 4.88;95% CI [0.39-0.97];p Conclusion: The study allowed data on the impact rate and complications of the AAR in Bangui. Special attention to data management will help produce a complete result on the problem. Joint complications predominated. Sustaining an effective surveillance system and preventing infection would help reduce the risk of AAR occurrence.

关键词： Incidence Acute Joint Rheumatism Central African Republic

Large Conventional Osteosarcoma of the Proximal Humerus in a 13-Year-Old Child: Case Report

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 297-304页

作者： Lucienne Irène Patricia Ondima Rhodia Hélène Bosseba missengue Cardinale Princilia Okiemy Niendet Nuptia Erica Akobande Jean Claude mieret Caryne mboutol-mandavo Redy Atipo Galloye judith Nsondé malanda Jennifer mave Sirimé Ngandzo Fabien mouamba Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Paediatric Surgery Department Brazzaville University Hospital Centre Brazzaville Congo Department of General Surgery Brazzaville University Hospital Centre Brazzaville Congo Carcinology Department Brazzaville University Hospital Centre Brazzaville Congo Anatomo-Pathology Laboratory Brazzaville University Hospital Centre Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children. It is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis. A late presentation modifies and makes difficult the management affecting the survival of children. We report the case of a large conventional osteosarcoma in a 13-year-old girl. Case Presentation: Adolescent girl admitted for painful swelling of the left shoulder with absolute functional impotence of the thoracic limb and severe anemia. The painful swelling was thought to have been caused by a minor trauma that had occurred six months previously. The patient’s general condition was poor, and she presented with a large, shiny, painful mass over the shoulder and upper 2/3 of the left arm, measuring 28 cm long by 28 cm wide and 57 cm in circumference, and a large fistulous axillary adenopathy. CT scan showed a tumour lesion of the left humerus with liver and lung metastases, raising suspicion of osteogenic osteosarcoma. The tumor was classified according to TNm staging: T2N1m1(a + b). management was modified when uncontrolled bleeding developed. It consisted of an extended amputation of the left thoracic limb. Pathological analysis showed a high-grade conventional osteosarcoma. Quality improvement was obtained for thirty days, followed by the onset of dyspnea. The evolution was towards death at forty days post-operatively. Conclusion: Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer. Delayed treatment leads to a fatal outcome. Early diagnosis is one of the challenges to be met in order to improve survival.

关键词： Osteosarcoma Child Conventional Case Report

HYPERBARIC HYPEROXIA AND THE BRAIN IN VIVO:THE BALANCE BETWEEN THERAPY AND TOXICITY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2008年第2期1卷 185-193页

作者： judith SONN ELHANAN mEIROVITHZ AVRAHAm mAYEVSKY The mina&Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and the Leslie and Susan Gonda multidisciplinary Brain Research Center Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900Israel

Hyperbaric oxygenation(HBO)treatment protocols utilize low pressures up to *** pressures may induce side effects such as convulsions due to brain *** optimal HBO pressure allowing for maximal therapy and minimal toxicity is under ***,it can be evaluated by monitoring oxygen delivery,saturation,and *** this study,the monitoring system fixed on the rats’brain cortex included a time-sharing fluorometer-reflectometer for monitoring mitochondrial NADH and hemoglobin oxygenation(HbO_(2))combined with Laser Doppler Flowmetry(LDF)for blood-flow *** were located in a hyperbaric chamber and exposed to different *** HBO pressure caused an increase in HbO_(2)and a decrease in NADH in proportion to the increase in hyperbaric pressure,up to a nearly maximum effect at *** 6ATA,15 minutes before convulsions started,blood volume and NADH started to increase,while tissue O_(2)supply by hemoglobin remained *** pool includes oxygen dissolved in the plasma and also bounded to *** 2.5ATA,hemoglobin is fully saturated and the oxygen pool nourishment derives only from the oxygen dissolved in the plasma,exceeding the physiological ability for autoregulation;hence,homeostasis is disturbed and convulsions *** information is vital because pressures around 2.5ATA–3ATA are standard clinically applied pressures used to treat most of the pathophysiological problems considering the potential benefit which must be balanced against the potential *** study enables,for the first time,to evaluate the oxygenation level of hemoglobin in the ***,our study showed that additional oxygen pressure(above 2.5ATA)caused brain oxygen toxicity within a short variable period of time after the pressure elevation.

关键词： NADH redox state brain tissue hemoglobin oxygenation HBO therapy HBO toxicity

Pollutants and fish predator/prey behavior： A review of laboratory and field approaches

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 9-20页

作者： Weis, judith S. Candelmo, Allison Department of Biological Sciences Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102 USA National marine Fisheries Service NOAA James Howard Laboratory Sandy Hook Highlands NJ 07732 USA

Fish behavior can be altered by contaminants. There is an extensive literature on laboratory behavioral assays, with many chemicals impairing feeding or predator avoidance. However, there is not extensive work on fishes that live in contami- nated environments. Therefore, we then review our recent research on feeding and trophic relations of populations from contami- nated estuaries compared with relatively unpolluted sites. The mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, is a non-migratory fish; those from more contaminated areas are poor predators and slower to capture active prey （grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio）. In the field, they consume much detritus and sediment, which is not nutritious. They are less active than fish from cleaner sites and more vulnerable to predation. They have altered thyroid glands and neurotransmitter levels, which may underlie altered behaviors Fish from the reference site kept in tanks with sediment and food from the polluted site showed bioaccumulation and reduced prey capture after two months, although fish from the polluted site did not show significant improvement when maintained in a clean environment. Poor nutrition and predator avoidance may be responsible for their being smaller and having a shorter life span than reference fish. Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix, are a marine species in which the young-of-the-year spend their first summer in es- tuaries. We found bioaccumulation of contaminants and reduced activity, schooling, and feeding in young-of-the-year bluefish from a relatively unpolluted site that were fed prey fish from a contaminated site. They also had altered thyroid glands and neuro- transmitter levels. many field-caught specimens had empty stomachs, which is rare in this species. In the fall, when they migrate back out to the ocean, they are smaller, slower, and more likely to starve or to be eaten than those that spent their summer in cleaner estuaries [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 9-20, 2012].

关键词： Predator Feeding Prey Pollution Activity Trophic

Diabetes and Hypertension Are Associated with Food Insecurity in a Cameroonian Population: A Case-Control Study

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2024年第2期12卷 1-21页

作者： Boris Ronald Tonou Tchuente Pauline Vervaine Hagbe Hippolyte Tene mouafo Janvier Aime Fotso Youovop Ousmane mfopou mbiondi Javeres Leonel Ntepe mbah Roussel Guy Nguemto Takuissu Raissa Francoise Ntentie Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa judith Laure Ngondi Julius Oben Enyong Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Centre for Food Food Security and Nutrition Research Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan Laboratory of Human metabolism and Non-Communicable Disease Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Yaounde Cameroon Higher Teacher’s and Training College University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Center of Nutrition and Functional Foods Yaounde Cameroon

Diabetes and hypertension are the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. Recent studies showed an increase in the prevalence of food insecurity in our country. The aim of this study was to assess how food insecurity affects the dietary habits, socio-demographic characteristics and metabolic profile of individuals with diabetes or hypertension. This case-control study was conducted among diabetic and hypertensive participants (cases) and diabetic and hypertensive normal (controls) during the screening campaigns for nutrition-related chronic diseases. The sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical parameters of the participants were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with diabetes and hypertension in the study population. Bivariate analyses showed that male gender (OR = 1.972;95% CI: 1.250 - 3.089), regular alcohol consumption (OR = 2.012;95% CI: 1.294 - 3.130), low fruit consumption (OR = 1.590;95% CI: 1.016 - 2.488), low dietary diversity (OR = 2.915;95% CI: 1.658 - 5.127) and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.893, CI 95% 1.203 - 2.978) were significantly associated with hypertension. In addition, low fruit consumption (OR = 1.829;95% CI 1.092 - 3.064), low legume consumption (OR = 3.515;95% CI 1.861 - 6.635), and hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 2.241, 95% CI 1.139 - 4.408) were significantly associated with diabetes. The indirect association observed between food insecurity and diabetes and hypertension suggests the need for nutritional policies aimed at popularizing the production and consumption of fruits and legumes. Similarly, health services need to be aware and informed of the important role that food insecurity can play in the development of diabetes and hypertension.

关键词： Food Insecurity Diabetes Hypertension Cameroon