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Extra-pair paternity and antiparasitic defence

Avian Research 2020年第4期11卷 391-397页

作者： Anders Pape Møller j.rgen Skavdal Søraker juan j.séSoler Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Ecologie Systématique et Evolution UniversitéParis-SaclayCNRSAgroParisTech91405 OrsayFrance Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyHøgskoleringen 5No-7491TrondheimNorway Depto.Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva Estación Experimental de ZonasÁridasCtra.Sacramento S/NLa Cañada de San Urbano04120 AlmeríaSpain

Background:Extra-pair paternity(EPP)in birds provides benefits in terms of more offspring,and characteristics for maintenance of this behaviour have been the subj.ct of *** are known to be transmitted during mating,especially when mating with multiple partners,and factors reducing this cost of multiple mating are ***,plumage brightness and colour intensity have been shown to be important traits to benefits from multiple mating as predicted by sexual *** aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the rate of extra-pair paternity and the relative size of the uropygial gland at the interspecific level,as the uropygial gland is an exocrine gland hypothesized to produce antiparasitic substances and further identified to affect plumage *** of the expected benefits of large uropygial gland in scenarios of sexual selection,we predicted a positive correlation with ***:We collected information from the literature of uropygial gland size and frequency of extra-pair paternity of 60 avian species of different families and explored the predicted positive correlation between *** did so with means of comparative analyses that considered phylogenetic relationship as random factor and included body mass as *** used Markov chain Monte Carlo generalized linear mixed models that were weighted by number of nests used to estimate extra-pair ***:We detected a positive relationship between level of extra-pair paternity and uropygial gland size at an interspecific *** finding is consistent with the ***:We discuss the importance of this result in scenarios of sexual selection and argue that the detected relationship may have arisen by utilizing antiparasitic secretions through secondary sexual characters indicating parasite resistance.

关键词： Antiparasitic defence Costs of extra-pair paternity Microorganisms Uropygial gland Uropygial secretions

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Predicting Natural and Chaotic Time Series with a Swarm-Optimized Neural Network

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第11期28卷 38-40页

作者： juan A Lazzús Departamento de Física Universidad de La SerenaCasilla 554La SerenaChile

Natural and chaotic time series are predicted using an artificial neural network(ANN)based on particle swarm optimization(PSO).Firstly,the hybrid ANN+PSO algorithm is applied on Mackey–Glass series in the short-term prediction𝑥(𝑡+6),using the current value𝑥(𝑡)and the past values:𝑥(𝑡−6),𝑥(𝑡−12),𝑥(𝑡−18).Then,this method is applied on solar radiation data using the values of the past years:𝑥(𝑡−1),...,𝑥(𝑡−4).The results show that the ANN+PSO method is a very powerful tool for making predictions of natural and chaotic time series.

关键词： series chaotic method

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Residual feed intake divergence during the preweaning period is associated with unique hindgut microbiome and metabolome profiles in neonatal Holstein heifer calves

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 453-467页

作者： Ahmed Elolimy Abdulrahman Alharthi Mohamed Zeineldin Claudia Parys juan j.Loor Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA Department of Animal Production National Research CentreDokkiGizaEgypt Carl R.Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of IllinoisUrbanaIllinoisUSA Department of Animal Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineBenha UniversityBenhaEgypt Evonik Nutrition&Care GmbH Hanau-WolfgangGermany Division of Nutritional Sciences Illinois Informatics InstituteUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA

Background:Recent studies underscored that divergence in residual feed intake(RFI)in mature beef and dairy cattle is associated with changes in ruminal microbiome and metabolome profiles which may contribute,at least in part,to better feed *** the rumen in neonatal calves during the preweaning period is underdeveloped until close to weaning,they rely on hindgut microbial fermentation to breakdown undigested diet *** leads to production of key metabolites such as volatile fatty acids(VFA),amino acids,and vitamins that could potentially be absorbed in the hind-gut and help drive growth and *** RFI divergence in neonatal calves is associated with changes in hindgut microbial communities and metabolites is largely ***,the obj.ctive of the current study was to determine differences in hindgut microbiome and metabolome in neonatal Holstein heifer calves retrospectively-grouped based on feed efficiency as mostefficient(M-eff)or least-efficient(L-eff)calves using RFI divergence during the preweaning ***:Twenty-six Holstein heifer calves received 3.8 L of first-milking colostrum from their respective dams within 6 h after *** were housed in individual outdoor hutches bedded with straw,fed twice daily with a milk replacer,and had ad libitum access to a starter grain mix from birth to weaning at 42 d of *** were classified into M-eff[n=13;RFI coefficient=−5.72±0.94 kg DMI(milk replacer+starter grain)/d]and L-eff[n=13;RFI coefficient=5.61±0.94 kg DMI(milk replacer+starter grain)/d]based on a linear regression model including the combined starter grain mix and milk replacer DMI,average daily gain(ADG),and metabolic body weight(MBW).A deep sterile rectal swab exposed only to the rectum was collected immediately at birth before colostrum feeding(i.e.,d 0),and fecal samples at d 14,28,and 42(prior to weaning)for microbiome and untargeted metabolome analyses using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC-MS.M

关键词： Feed efficiency Gut Metabolomics Microbiota Neonates Newborn Preweaning RFI

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Overview of Rubik's Cube and Reflections on Its Application in Mechanism

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Chinese j.urnal of Mechanical Engineering 2018年第4期31卷 9-20页

作者： Da-Xing Zeng Ming Li juan-juan Wang Yu-Lei Hou Wen-juan Lu Zhen Huang School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan University

Rubik’s Cube is a widely popular mechanical puzzle that has attracted attention around the world because of its unique characteristics. As a classic brain-training toy well known to the public, Rubik’s Cube was used for scientific research and technology development by many scholars. This paper provides a basic understanding of the Rubik’s Cube and shows its mechanical art from the aspects of origin and development, characteristics, research status and especially its mechanical engineering design, as well as making a vision for the application in mechanism. First, the invention and origin of Rubik’s Cube are presented, and then the special characteristics of the cube itself are *** that, the present researches of Rubik’s Cube are reviewed in various disciplines at home and abroad, including the researches of Rubik’s Cube scientific metaphors, reduction algorithms, characteristic applications, and mechanism issues. Finally, the applications and prospects of Rubik’s Cube in the field of mechanism are discussed.

关键词： Rubik's Cube Scientific research Mechanical art Application and prospects

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Synergistic and interference effects in coaxial mixers: Numerical analysis of the power consumption

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Chinese j.urnal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第4期26卷 684-694页

作者： juan Huang Gance Dai School of Perfume and Aroma Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology

This paper is concerned with the design and application of coaxial mixers with the aid of analysis of interaction between each individual impeller. Two types of coaxial mixers pitched blade turbine(PBT)-helical ribbon(HR)and inner-outer HR operated in laminar regime were studied experimentally and numerically. The interaction implies synergistic and interference effects, which was revealed through the investigation of axial circulation rate, energy dissipation rate and power consumption. The influence factors including rotational speed ratio,rotating mode and impeller configuration were explored systematically. Quantitative analysis of power consumption involves three parameters: rate of variation in power consumption, interactive mode and ratio of power consumption. Analysis indicated that some important properties were embodied in the power *** properties are one-way and two-way interactions, critical speed ratio and dominant impeller. Finally, a new suggestion for power estimation was given.

关键词： Numerical simulation Mixing Laminar flow Coaxial mixers Power consumption Interaction

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NEW RESULTS ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPTIMALLY WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATE AND LINEAR MINIMUM VARIANCE ESTIMATE

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j.urnal of Systems Science & Complexity 2009年第1期22卷 137-149页

作者： juan ZHAO Yunmin ZHU Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China. Department of Mathematics Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China.

The optimally weighted least squares estimate and the linear minimum variance estimateare two of the most popular estimation methods for a linear *** this paper,the authors makea comprehensive discussion about the relationship between the two ***,the authorsconsider the classical linear model in which the coefficient matrix of the linear model is deterministic,and the necessary and sufficient condition for equivalence of the two estimates is ***,under certain conditions on variance matrix invertibility,the two estimates can be identical providedthat they use the same a priori information of the parameter being ***,the authorsconsider the linear model with random coefficient matrix which is called the extended linear model;under certain conditions on variance matrix invertibility,it is proved that the former outperforms thelatter when using the same a priori information of the parameter.

关键词： Conditional expectation linear minimum variance estimation necessary and sufficient condition optimally weighted least squares estimation.

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Intramolecular proton transfer: a reliable solution to design all-visible-light-activated dithienylethenes

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第4期63卷 421-422页

作者： Keitaro Nakatani juan Xie Universite Paris-Saclay ENS Paris-SaclayCNRSPPSM61 av.du President Wilson94235 CachanFrance

In the fields of materials science and life science,the ability to influence key properties of molecular systems by using light is of great *** compounds play a key role in such systems since they can reversibly photoisomerize between two states[1].Among photochromic series,dithienylethenes(DTEs)can undergo reversible conrotatory 671 photocyclization and cycloreversion have drawn much attention due to the excellent thermal irreversibility and outstanding fatigue resistance[2].

关键词： fatigue resistance visible

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Hepatic metabolomics and transcriptomics to study susceptibility to ketosis in response to prepartal nutritional management

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 194-210页

作者： Khuram Shahzad Vincenzo Lopreiato Yusheng Liang Erminio Trevisi j.han S.Osorio Chuang Xu juan j.Loor COMSATS Institute of Information Technology ChakShahzadIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Istituto di Zootecnica Facoltàdi Scienze AgrarieAlimentari e AmbientaliUniversitàCattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly Department of Dairy Science South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57006USA College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityXinyang Rd.5Daqing 163319China.

Background:Ketosis in dairy cows is associated with body fat mobilization during the peripartal ***-clinical and clinical ketosis arise more frequently in cows that are overfed energy during the entire dry(last 50 to 45 days prior to parturition)or close-up period(last^28 days prepartum).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 12 cows from a larger cohort that were fed a higher-energy diet[1.54 Mcal/kg of dry matter(DM);35.9%of DM corn silage and 13%of DM ground corn]during the close-up dry period,of which 6 did not develop clinical ketosis(OVE,0.83 mmol/L plasma hydroxybutyrate;BHB)and 6 were diagnosed with clinical ketosis(KET,1.4 mmol/L BHB)during the first week postpartum.A whole-transcriptome bovine microarray(Agilent Technologies)and metabolomics(GC-MS,LC-MS;Metabolon~?Inc.)were used to perform transcript and metabolite profiling of liver tissue harvested at-10 days relative to parturition which allowed to establish potential associations between prepartal transcriptome/metabolome profiles and susceptibility to clinical ketosis ***:Cows in KET had greater(P=0.01)overall body weight between-2 and 1 week around parturition,but similar body condition score than *** dry matter intake(DMI)did not differ prepartum,KET cows had lower(P<0.01)DMI and similar milk yield as OVE cows during the first week *** analysis revealed a total of 3065 differentially expressed genes(DEG;P≤0.05)in *** identified 15 out of 313 total biochemical compounds significantly affected(P≤0.10)in *** those,greater concentrations(P≤0.06,+2.3-fold)of glycochenodeoxycholate in KET cows also have been detected in humans developing non-alcoholic fatty liver *** analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway database and the DEG revealed that,among the top 20 most-impacted metabolic pathway categories in KET,65%were overall *** included’Metabolism of cofactors

关键词： Bioinformatics Ketosis Metabolomics Transition cow

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EMPIRICAL LIKELIHOOD CONFIDENCE REGION FOR PARAMETERS IN LINEAR ERRORS-IN-VARIABLES MODELS WITH MISSING DATA

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j.urnal of Systems Science & Complexity 2011年第3期24卷 540-553页

作者： juan ZHANG Hengj.an CUI Department of Statistics Capital University of Economics and Business Beijing 100070 China. Department of Statistics and Financial MatheTnatics School of Mathematical Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China School of Mathematical Sciences Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China

The multivariate linear errors-in-variables model when the regressors are missing at random in the sense of Rubin （1976） is considered in this paper. A constrained empirical likelihood confidence region for a parameter β0 in this model is proposed, which is constructed by combining the score function corresponding to the weighted squared orthogonal distance based on inverse probability with a constrained region of β0. It is shown that the empirical log-likelihood ratio at the true parameter converges to the standard chi-square distribution. Simulations show that the coverage rate of the proposed confidence region is closer to the nominal level and the length of confidence interval is narrower than those of the normal approximation of inverse probability weighted adj.sted least square estimator in most cases. A real example is studied and the result supports the theory and simulation＇s conclusion.

关键词： Confidence region coverage rate empirical likelihood ratio multivariate linear errors-in- variables model weighted adj.sted LS estimation.

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Controlled Mean-Field Backward Stochastic Differential Equations with j.mps Involving the Value Function

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j.urnal of Systems Science & Complexity 2016年第5期29卷 1238-1268页

作者： LI juan MIN Hui School of Mathematics and Statistics Shandong University

This paper discusses mean-field backward stochastic differentiM equations （mean-field BS- DEs） with j.mps and a new type of controlled mean-field BSDEs with j.mps, namely mean-field BSDEs with j.mps strongly coupled with the value function of the associated control problem. The authors first prove the existence and the uniqueness as well as a comparison theorem for the above two types of BSDEs. For this the authors use an approximation method. Then, with the help of the notion of stochastic backward semigroups introduced by Peng in 1997, the authors get the dynamic programming principle （DPP） for the value functions. Furthermore, the authors prove that the value function is a viscosity solution of the associated nonlocal Hamilton-j.cobi-Bellman （Hj.） integro-partial differential equation, which is unique in an adequate space of continuous functions introduced by Barles, et al. in 1997.

关键词： Dynamic programming principle (DPP) Hamilton-j.cobi-Bellman (Hj.) equation mean-field backward stochastic differential equation (mean-field BSDE) with j.mp Poisson random measure value function.

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