a.pa.ent bia.es in decision ma.ing by a.ima.s, including huma.s, seem to pr.sent a. evolutiona.y puzzle, since one would expect decisions ba.ed on bia.ed (unr.a.istic) infor.a.ion to be suboptima.. a.though cognitive ...
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a.pa.ent bia.es in decision ma.ing by a.ima.s, including huma.s, seem to pr.sent a. evolutiona.y puzzle, since one would expect decisions ba.ed on bia.ed (unr.a.istic) infor.a.ion to be suboptima.. a.though cognitive bia.es a.e ha.d to dia.nose in r.a. a.ima.s (marshall et a.., 2013b), we investiga.e Tr.ver.’ pr.posa. tha. individua.s should self-deceive fir.t in or.er.to better.deceive other. (Tr.ver., 2011). a.though this pr.posa. ha. been scr.tinized extensively (Ba.dur.0}et a.., 2011) it ha. not been for.a.ly modelled. We pr.sent the fir.t model designed to investiga.e Tr.ver.’ pr.posa.. We intr.duce a. extension to a.r.cent model of the evolution of self-deception (Johnson a.d Fowler. 2011). In the extended model individua.s ma.e decisions by ta.ing dir.ctly into a.count the benefits a.d costs of ea.h outcome a.d by choosing the cour.e of a.tion tha. ca. be estima.ed a. the best with the infor.a.ion a.a.la.le. It is shown tha. in cer.a.n cir.umsta.ces self-deceiving decision-ma.er. a.e the most evolutiona.ily successful, even when ther. is no deception between these. In a.fur.her.extension of this model individua.s a.ditiona.ly exhibit deception bia.es a.d Tr.ver.’ pr.mise (tha. effective deception is less physiologica.ly costly with the a.d of self-deception) is incor.or.0}ed. It is shown tha. under.Tr.ver.’ hypothesis na.ur.0} selection fa.or. individua.s tha. self-deceive a. they deceive other..
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