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美国先前学习认定制度的历史演进、动力机制和启示

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职教论坛 2024年第9期40卷 118-128页

作者：顾凤佳李娟上海开放大学上海200433

先前学习认定起源于美国。作为一种终身学习激励制度得到了广泛应用,美国拥有丰富的先前学习认定发展经验。100多年来,美国先前学习认定制度经历了起始与奠基、丰富与扩展、反思与复兴三个阶段的变迁。同时,在美国先前学习认定制度变迁... 详细信息

先前学习认定起源于美国。作为一种终身学习激励制度得到了广泛应用,美国拥有丰富的先前学习认定发展经验。100多年来,美国先前学习认定制度经历了起始与奠基、丰富与扩展、反思与复兴三个阶段的变迁。同时,在美国先前学习认定制度变迁的动力机制中,社会变革是变迁的基础动力,教育理念转变是变迁的内生动力,推动经济发展是直接动力。当前还存在着先前学习认定意识缺乏、先前学习与后续项目匹配度不够、财政支持和相关激励缺乏以及教育不平等加剧等问题。借鉴美国经验,我国应首先改变传统观念,激发先前学习认定的意识;关注弱势群体,提供多种认定方法;同时建立一致的政策,定期监测并响应需求。

关键词：先前学习认定终身学习激励制度

放电等离子烧结制备MoS_(2)@Ni电极及其析氢反应性能

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河南科技大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第3期45卷 24-31页

作者：何娟张玢中信重工机械股份有限公司河南科技大学材料科学与工程学院河南洛阳471023

为了解决水分解制氢电极制备步骤复杂和周期长的问题,以镍粉和不同类型硫化钼粉末作为原始材料,采用一步放电等离子烧结工艺制备出MoS_(2)@Ni电极。当使用细小均匀的MoS_(2)粉末和镍粉烧结时,0.03HS@c-Ni电极在50 mA cm^(-2)、100 mA cm... 详细信息

为了解决水分解制氢电极制备步骤复杂和周期长的问题,以镍粉和不同类型硫化钼粉末作为原始材料,采用一步放电等离子烧结工艺制备出MoS_(2)@Ni电极。当使用细小均匀的MoS_(2)粉末和镍粉烧结时,0.03HS@c-Ni电极在50 mA cm^(-2)、100 mA cm^(-2)和150 mA cm^(-2)电流密度下过电位仅为251 mV、322 mV和379 mV。而当使用商用大块的MoS_(2)粉末和镍粉烧结时,0.03c@c-Ni电极在50 mA cm^(-2)、100 mA cm^(-2)和150 mA·cm^(-2)的电流密度下过电位分别为425 mV、488 mV和542 mV,说明使用细小均匀的MoS_(2)粉末和镍粉烧结时电极的催化性能好。对0.03HS@c-Ni电极进行循环稳定性和持久性测试可知,5000循环前后,电极的极化曲线几乎没有任何变化,电极能在约130 mA·cm^(-2)的电流密度下稳定运行超过130 h。

关键词：放电等离子烧结水分解 MoS_(2) 自支撑电极

Protective Effect of Naringenin on Acute Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats

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Medicinal Plant 2024年第3期15卷 50-52页

作者： Xia ZHANG Ping ZHOU juan LI Zhaojun XIANG Qianqian LUO Qing DENG Department of Neurosurgery Taihe Hospital of Shiyan CityHubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000China Gynecology and Obstetrics Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000China

[Objectives]To investigate the protective mechanism of naringenin on acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(AMI-RI)in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats.[Methods]A total of 32 SD rats with AMI-RI model construction were randomly divided into AMI-RI model control group and citrus pigment A/B/c groups(n=8).The naringenin A,B,and c groups were administrated 20,40 and 80 mg/(kg•d)for 10 *** AMI group served as the negative control and was not *** the conclusion of the treatment regimen,a sample of intraventricular blood was collected for the purpose of measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),glutathione peroxidase(GLH-PX),nitric oxide(NO),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)***,myocardial tissue was identified within the ischemic *** content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was determined by inducing nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and endodermal nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)positive cells in the left anterior descending coronary artery.[Results]Following citrus treatment,the contents of GLH-PX and SOD in ventricular blood of the citrus B group were found to be significantly elevated,while the contents of NO and LDH in myocardial MDA and ventricle were observed to be significantly *** number of eNOS-positive cells was significantly increased,while the number of iNOS-positive cells was significantly *** difference was statistically significant when compared with the AMI-RI group(Pchanges observed in the above indicators in the citrus c group were more pronounced than those observed in the citrus B *** difference between the citrus c and the B group was statistically significant(Pcating that this effect is concentration dependent.[conclusions]In addition to its ability to inhibit myocardial lipid peroxidation during AMI-RI by increasing SOD activity,naringenin may also affect the synthesis and release of NO by regulating eNOS and iNOS,thereby achieving protection against *** effect is enhanced as the dose of the drug inc

关键词： Rat Naringenin Acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion Lipid peroxidation Inducible/endothelial nitric oxide synthase

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微创青光眼手术研究进展

中华实验眼科杂志 2024年第6期42卷 576-583页

作者：王琳艳(综述) 叶娟(审校) 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院眼科中心杭州310009

青光眼是全球主要的不可逆性致盲眼病,传统的青光眼手术存在损伤结膜和巩膜组织,影响二次手术等缺点。近年来,有诸多关于微创青光眼手术(MIGS)的研究探索,旨在降低眼压、减少患者药物负担的同时,尽量减少对眼部的创伤。从解剖上考虑,房... 详细信息

青光眼是全球主要的不可逆性致盲眼病,传统的青光眼手术存在损伤结膜和巩膜组织,影响二次手术等缺点。近年来,有诸多关于微创青光眼手术(MIGS)的研究探索,旨在降低眼压、减少患者药物负担的同时,尽量减少对眼部的创伤。从解剖上考虑,房水经小梁网流出的阻力同时来自于近端(小梁网、Schlemm管内壁)和远端(Schlemm管外壁、集液管、房水静脉、巩膜内静脉丛),因此可以把小梁网相关的MIGS手术根据作用位点的不同,分为解除近端阻力(增加小梁网旁路、扩张Schlemm管及小梁网切开)和同时解除远端、近端阻力的手术(Xen Gel Stent和PRESERFLO Microshunt)。此外,还有一些MIGS术式通过增加经脉络膜上腔途径引流或破坏睫状体减少房水生成,达到降低眼压的目的。增加脉络膜上腔引流的术式具有不依赖于眼压高低的优势,代表术式有cypass Micro-Stent、iStent Supra和iSTAR MINIject。微创的睫状体破坏手术则包括超声睫状体成形术、微脉冲睫状体光凝术、内镜下睫状体光凝术等。MIGS虽然具有创伤更小、可有效控制眼压的优势,但其远期有效性及安全性仍有待严密观察。由于各种新型MIGS术式种类繁多,且大多仍处于临床试验阶段,尚未进入我国市场,因此对国内眼科医生来说相对陌生。本文就目前主流的MIGS术式原理及术后效果进行综述。

关键词：青光眼微创青光眼手术眼压

clinical Observation on the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease with Damp-heat Stasis Syndrome in clinical Proteinuria Stage by Kunkui Kidney Preserving Paste

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Medicinal Plant 2024年第1期15卷 82-84页

作者： Ying TAN Qiling ZHANG juan cHEN Xu YU Qianhua YAN Jiangyi YU Department of Endocrinology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210004China The First clinical Medical college Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China

[Objectives]To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Kunkui Kidney Preserving Paste in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)patients with damp-heat stasis syndrome in the clinical proteinuria stage.[Methods]Retrospective analysis was made on 30 patients with DKD who were diagnosed with damp-heat stasis syndrome in the clinical proteinuria stage from March 2021 to March 2023 in Jiangsu Province Hospital of chinese Medicine,and who took Kunkui Kidney Preserving Paste continuously for six *** urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UAcR),urinary complement c3,and urea nitrogen(BUN)of DKD patients before and after treatment were compared,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),blood creatinine(Scr),and cystatin c(cysc)were estimated,and the therapeutic effects on renal function and urinary protein were evaluated.[Results]After treatment,UAcR significantly decreased(Pcomplement c3 and Scr decreased(Pcators showed no significant statistical difference(P>0.05).In terms of evaluating the efficacy of urinary protein therapy,8 cases showed recent relief;8 cases showed significant effect;9 cases were effective,and 5 cases were invalid after treatment,with a total effective rate of 83.33%.In terms of renal function efficacy evaluation,8 cases showed significant effect;4 cases were effective;11 cases were stable,and 7 cases were invalid,with a total effective rate of 76.67%.In the safety evaluation,there were no obvious adverse reactions.[conclusions]The Kunkui Kidney Preserving Past has significant clinical efficacy and safety in treating DKD patients with damp-heat stasis syndrome in the clinical proteinuria *** has significant advantages in reducing urinary protein and protecting renal function,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

关键词： Diabetic kidney disease Kunkui Kidney Preserving Paste Proteinuria clinical efficacy Safety

covering corneal stromal lenticule for macular hole in pathological myopia

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第9期17卷 1675-1680页

作者： Zi-Yan Tang Gang Qiao Xiao-juan Zhang Li-Jun Xie Qiang-Xing Zou chun-Mei He Long Zhao Hua-Qing Yang Yu Quan Kui cao Hui Jiang Yu-Kun He Wanjiang Eye Hospital of Mianyang Mianyang 621000Sichuan ProvinceChina

AIM:To evaluate the clinical effect of a new surgery technique(covering corneal stromal lenticule,cSL)for macular hole(MH)in pathological ***:This was a prospective non-randomized series case *** eyes of 14 patients whose axial length were more than 29 mm and suffered from MH and macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD)were included in this *** cases were treated with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling,covering cSL and c_(3)F_(8) gas *** cases were followed for 6mo,and the best-corrected visual acuity(BcVA),healing status of MH,the reattached rate of retinal detachment(RD),and reoperation rate were ***:All cases were successfully performed the surgery and the postoperative follow-up was *** surgery,MHs were healed in all 14 eyes(100%,14/14)after assessed by optical coherence *** reattachment of retina was achieved in all 6 eyes(100%,6/6)with *** was improved in 12 eyes(85.71%,12/14),and had no significant change in 2 eyes(14.29%,2/14).The overall mean BcVA was improved from 1.80±0.77 to 0.82±0.46 logMAR(F=10.46,Pcomplications occurred in all ***:The new surgery technique(covering cSL)has high reattached rate of RD and high healing rate of MH in pathological myopia in the preliminary *** it can effectively improve the visual function of *** new technique offers meaningful new ideas for treating refractory MH in pathological myopia.

关键词： corneal stromal lenticule macular hole pathological myopia

ON THE cAUcHY PROBLEM FOR AW-RAScLE SYSTEM WITH LINEAR DAMPING

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2021年第1期41卷 311-318页

作者： juan c.JUAJIBIOY Escuela de Matemdticas y Estadistica Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnològica de ColombiaTunja 15001BoyacaColombia

The existence of global BV solutions for the Aw-Rascle system with linear damping is *** order to get approximate solutions we consider the system in Lagrangian coordinates,then by using the wave front tracking method coupling with and suitable splitting algorithm and the ideas of[1]we get a sequence of approximate *** we show the convergence of this approximate sequence to the weak entropic solution.

关键词： wave front tracking global weak entropy solutions linear damping

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桃花心木木材定量解剖特征变异性及其识别

林业科学 2024年第5期60卷 169-176页

作者：刘守佳何拓陆杨焦立超郭娟 Alex cWiedenhoeft 殷亚方中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所北京100091 中国林业科学研究院木材标本馆北京100091 国家林业和草原局木材标本资源库北京100091 国家林业和草原局野生动物保护监测中心北京100714 美国林产品实验室木材解剖研究中心麦迪逊WI 53706

[目的]基于定量解剖方法探究桃花心木属3种树种木材的构造特征,揭示其不同构造特征的种间和种内变异规律,为木材“种”水平的准确识别提供科学依据。[方法]针对大叶桃花心木、桃花心木和矮叶桃花心木木材标本显微切片,通过光学显微镜采... 详细信息

[目的]基于定量解剖方法探究桃花心木属3种树种木材的构造特征,揭示其不同构造特征的种间和种内变异规律,为木材“种”水平的准确识别提供科学依据。[方法]针对大叶桃花心木、桃花心木和矮叶桃花心木木材标本显微切片,通过光学显微镜采集其横、径、弦三切面微观构造图像,利用图像分析软件分别测量导管分子长度、管孔弦向直径、管孔频率、木纤维长度、木射线宽度、木射线高度和木射线频率7个定量解剖特征,分析其不同构造特征的种间和种内变异规律;采用随机森林算法对木材树种进行识别,比较木材不同定量解剖特征对识别准确率的贡献度。[结果]3种桃花心木木材显微切片图像中管孔、轴向薄壁组织和木射线等构造特征相似,通过人工方式难以区分;除木射线宽度外,其他6组定量解剖特征在种间均存在显著差异;随机森林算法对桃花心木的识别准确率达86.67%,7个定量解剖特征对木材识别结果的贡献度存在差异,其中导管分子长度的平均准确率降低度值(3.956)和平均基尼指数降低度值(6.311)最大,管孔弦向直径次之,木射线宽度的平均准确率降低度值(0.797)和平均基尼指数降低度值(2.175)最小,表明导管分子长度的贡献度最大,木射线宽度的贡献度最小。[结论]采用木材定量解剖方法,揭示3种桃花心木构造特征的种间和种内变异规律以及在木材识别中起关键作用的定量解剖特征,可为实现木材“种”水平的准确识别提供科学依据。

关键词：桃花心木定量解剖变异规律随机森林木材识别

A novel mouse model of calcific aortic valve stenosis

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第4期7卷 523-532页

作者： Ningjing Qian Yaping Wang Wangxing Hu Naifang cao Yi Qian Jinyong chen juan Fang Dilin Xu Haochang Hu Shuangshuang Yang Dao Zhou Hanyi Dai Dongdong Wei Jian'an Wang Xianbao Liu Department of cardiology The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices China cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province HangzhouChina Department of cardiovascular Surgery The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Department of Endocrinology The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University HangzhouChina

Background:calcific aortic valve stenosis(cAVS)is one of the most challenging heart diseases in clinical with rapidly increasing ***,study of the mecha-nism and treatment of cAVS is hampered by the lack of suitable,robust and efficient models that develop hemodynamically significant stenosis and typical calcium ***,we aim to establish a mouse model to mimic the development and features of ***:The model was established via aortic valve wire injury(AVWI)combined with vitamin D subcutaneous injected in wild type c57/BL6 *** transthoracic echocardiography was applied to evaluate aortic jet peak velocity and mean *** specimens were collected and examined in respect of valve thickening,calcium deposition,collagen accumulation,osteogenic differentiation and ***:Serial transthoracic echocardiography revealed that aortic jet peak velocity and mean gradient increased from 7 days post model establishment in a time depend-ent manner and tended to be stable at 28 *** with the sham group,sim-ple AVWI or the vitamin D group,the hybrid model group showed typical pathological features of cAVS,including hemodynamic alterations,increased aortic valve thicken-ing,calcium deposition,collagen accumulation at 28 *** addition,osteogenic dif-ferentiation,fibrosis and inflammation,which play critical roles in the development of cAVS,were observed in the hybrid ***:We established a novel mouse model of cAVS that could be induced efficiently,robustly and economically,and without genetic *** provides a fast track to explore the underlying mechanisms of cAVS and to identify more effec-tive pharmacological targets.

关键词： animal model calcific aortic valve stenosis valve calcification