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Microcosmic analysis of ductile shearing zones of coal seams of brittle deformation domain in superficial lithosphere

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Science china Earth {1. 2004年第5期47卷 393-404页

作者： ju yiwen1,2. WANG Guiliang2. JIANG Bo2.& HOU Quanlin1.1. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of {1., beijing 10003., china 2. College of Mineral Resources and Geo{1., china University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 2.1.08, china Chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100039 Peoples R China china Univ Min & Technol Coll Mineral Resources & Geosci Xuzhou 221008 Peoples R China

The ductile shearing zones of coal seams in a brittle deformation domain in super-ficial lithosphere are put forward based on the study on bedding shearing and ductile rheology of coal seams. The macrocosmic and microcosmic characteristics include wrinkle fold, mymonitized zones and ductile planar structure of coal seams, etc., while the microcosmic characteristics may also include different optic-axis fabrics and the anisotropy of vitrinite reflectance as well as the change of chemical structure and organic geochemistry components. The forming mechanism is analyzed and the strain environment of ductile shearing zones of coal seams discussed. The result indicates that, in the superficial brittle deformation domain, the coal seams are easy to be deformed, resulting in not only brittle deformation but also ductile shearing deformation under the action of force. Because of simple shearing stress, the interlayer gliding or ductile rheology may take place between coal seams and wall rocks. Therefore, many ductile shearing zones come into being in superficial lithosphere (<5 km). The research on ductile shearing zone of brittle de-formation domain in superficial lithosphere is significant not only theoretically for the study of ductile shearing and ductile rheology of the lithosphere but also practically for the structural movement of coal seams, the formation and accumulation of coal-bed methane, and the preven-tion and harness of gas burst in coal mine.

关键词： brittle deformation domain, interlayer gliding, ductile rheology, ductile shearing zones of coal seams, coal mymonite, vitrinite reflectance anisotropy.

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^(1.)C NMR spectra of tectonic coals and the effects of stress on structural components

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Science china Earth {1. 2005年第9期48卷 1418-1437页

作者： ju yiwen1,2. JIANG Bo1. HOU Quanlin2. WANG Guiliang1.& NI Shanqin2.1. College of Mineral Resource and Geo{1., china University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1.08, china 2. Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, College of Geo{1., Graduate School of Chinese Academy of {1., beijing 1.0049, china 1. College of Mineral Resource and Geosciences China University of Mining and Technology 221008 Xuzhou China 2. Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics College of Geosciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China

High-resolution 1.C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of different kinds of tectonic coals were obtained using the NMR (CP/MAS+TOSS) method. On the basis of this, after simulation synthesis and division of spectra, the relative contents of carbon functional groups were calculated. Combined with results of Ro, max, XRD testing and element analysis, stress effects on the composition of macromolecular structures in tectonic coals were studied further. The results showed that Ro, max was not only the important index for describing coal rank, but was also effective for estimating the stress effect of tectonic coals. Under tectonic stress ac- tion, Ro, max was the most direct indicator of the coal structure and chemical components. Changes in the stacking Lc of the coal basic structure unit (BSU) and La/Lc parameters could distinguish the temperature and stress effects on metamorphic-deformed environments, and re- flected the degree of structural deformation. Therefore, on the whole, Lc and La/Lc can be used to index of the degree of structural deformation of tectonic coals. In different metamorphic and de- formed environments, different kinds of tectonic coals are formed under structural stress. The changes in characteristics of the macromolecular structure and chemical composition are such that as the increase in structural deformation becomes stronger, from the brittle deformation coal to ductile deformation coal, the ratio of width at the half height of the aromatic carbon and ali- phatic carbon peaks (Hfa/Hfal ) was increased. As carbon aromaticity was raised further, carbon aliphaticity reduced obviously and different compositions of macromolecular structure appeared as a jump and wave pattern except for in wrinkle structure coal, which might result chiefly from stress effects on the macromolecular structure of different kinds of tectonic coals. The macro- moecular changes of wrinkle structure coal are reflected mainly on physical structure. In the metamorphi

关键词： tectonic coal, NMR, macromolecular structure, chemical component, stress effect.

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Digital close-range photogrammetric application to small-scale physical simulation experiment

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 681-685页

作者： LI Chun-yi1. CUI Xi-min2. YU Yi-ju3.1. School of Surveying and Landing Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003.{1. 2. College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,{1. University of Mining and Technology, beijing 1.0083.{1. 3. Surveying and Mapping Press, beijing 1.0045,{1. [a] School of Surveying and Landing Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454003 China [b] College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China [c] Surveying and Mapping Press Beijing 100045 China

In order to research the possibility of digital close-range photogrammetric surveying in small scale physical simulation experiment, physical model coinciding with engineering practice was constructed based on similar theory. The datum processing method and surveying precision of digital close-range photogrammetric were analyzed. And the function relationship between overburden subsidence factor qr and the ratio z/H of stratum horizon z and mining depth H was researched. The results show that surveying points position mean error along horizontal direction is ±0.1.1.mm and vertical direction is ±0.1.{3.mm. Therefore, multi-taking station cross direction digital close-range photogrammetric can completely satisfy the precision need of physical simulation experiment. And the empirical formula can be utilized to represent evolution law of stratum subsidence factor.

关键词： close-range photogrammetric physical simulation light-rays adjustment surveying precision subsidence factor

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Numerical study on scanning radiation acoustic field in formations generated from a borehole

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第2期48卷 247-256页

作者： CHE Xiaohua1. ZHANG Hailan1. QIAO Wenxiao2.& {2. Xiaodong2.1. Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of {1., {1. 1.0080, china 2. Faculty of Natural Resources & Information Technology, University of Petroleum, {1. 1.2.49, china Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Faculty of Natural Resources & Information Technology University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Numerical study on scanning radiation acoustic field in formations generated by linear phased array transmitters in a fluid-filled borehole is carried out using a real axis integration (RAI) method. The main lobe width of the acoustic beams and the incident angle on the borehole wall can be controlled by means of adjusting parameters, such as the element number and the delay time between the neighboring array elements of linear phased array transmitter. The steered angle of longitudinal waves generated in the formation satisfies the Snell’s law for plane waves when the incident angle on the borehole wall is less than the first critical angle. When the lobe width of the acoustic beams is narrow and the steered angle is less than the first critical angle, the acoustic field in the formation can be approximately calculated given that the linear phased array is put in the formation without borehole. The technique of scanning radiation acoustic field can be applied to enhancing investigation resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in crosswell seismic survey and borehole acoustic reflection imaging.

关键词： formation, linear phased array transmitter, steered angle, RAI, scanning radiation.

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Y_CΩ_(2.)are easy terms

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第20期43卷 1707-1709页

作者： ZHAO Xishun 1.and WANG ju 2.1. Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0}093.{1. 2. Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of {1., beijing 1.0080,{1. Department of Mathematics Nanjing University Nanjing China Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

For any natural number n≥1. Y CΩ 2. is an easy term; that is, for any λ term M, λβ+Y\-CΩ 2. =M is consistent, where Y C is Curry fixed point combinator, Ω 2. ≡ω 2. ω 2. and ω 2. ≡λ***...x (there are 2. occurrences of x after λx ). This result is a partial solution to Jacopini’s conjecture: Y CΩ n is an easy term for any natural number n≥2.

关键词： λβ-calculus Kuper’s theorem easy term.

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The onset and advance of the Asian summer monsoon

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Science Bulletin 2006年第1期51卷 80-88页

作者： Lü junmei1,2.4, ZHANG Qingyun1, TAO Shiyan1 & ju Jianhua3.1. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sci- ences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of {2., {1. 10002., china 2. Department of Atmospheric {2., Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, china 3. china Meteorological Administration Training Centre, {1. 100081, china 4. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of {2., beijing 10003., china State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Department of Atmospheric sciences Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China china Meteorological Administration Training Centre Beijing 100081 China

Based on the daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data from National Oceanic and At- mospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites, the Cli- mate Prediction Center’s merged analysis of pre- cipitation (CMAP) data and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for At- mospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis dataset, the mean intraseasonal variability of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is investigated by using power spectrum analysis, band-pass filter, and diagnostic analyses. The processes of the onset and advance of monsoon over the southern part of Indo- china Peninsula, the east coast of Bay of Bengal, the South china Sea and the Indian subcontinent are explored. It is found that there is an abrupt change in OLR, precipitation and zonal wind during the onset and advance of the ASM. It is also indicated that the southern part of Indo{2. Peninsula and the adja- cent Andaman Sea is the region where the earliest onset of the ASM occurs in the 2.d pentad of May.

关键词： Asian summer monsoon intraseasonal variability onset advance.

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Sorption behavior of U(VI), ^(2.4)U(VI) and ^(2.8)U(VI) onto fracture-filling clays in Beishan granite, Gansu: Application to selecting the site of high-level radwaste repository in china

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Science china Earth {1. 2005年第10期48卷 1649-1655页

作者： MIN Maozhong1.2. LUO Xingzhang3. WANG ju4, JIN Yuanxin4 & WANG Rucheng1.1. Department of Earth {1., State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0}093.{1. 2. Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0}093.{1. 3. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0}093.{1. 4. {13. Geology Institute, Nuclear Industry, {13. 1.002.,{1. Department of Earth sciences State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research Nanjing University Nanjing China Center of Materials Analysis Nanjing University Nanjing china Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing china beijing Geology Institute Nuclear Industry beijing{2.

The first results of sorption experiments of U(VI), 2.4U(VI) and 2.8U(VI) onto original (unpurified) fracture-filling clays from No.1.monzonitic granite intrusion, Beishan area, Gansu Province,{3. are reported. The monzonitic granite intrusion is a potential location for a high-level radwaste (HLW) repository in{3.. The present experimental results show that the maximum U(VI) sorption reached 92. at near-neutral pH and the distribution coefficient (Kd) was 1.2. mL/g. A high sorption capacity of the fracture-filling clays in host rock on radioactive ele-ments is necessary for HLW deep geological disposal repository. No preferential sorption of 2.4U onto the clays was found. Finally, the sorption of U(VI) onto the clays was also modeled using a surface complexation model.

关键词： HLW geological disposal repository, granite, uranium, radionuclide, clay, sorption.

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Nematode Faunal Response to Grassland Degradation in Horqin Sandy Land

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Pedosphere 2007年第5期17卷 611-618页

作者： LIANG Wen-ju ZHONG Shuang HUA Jian-Feng CAO Cheng-You JIANG Yong Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China） College of sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 （China） Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 （China）

The responses of soil nematode communities to grassland degradation were studied under undegraded grassland (UG), degraded grassland (DG),and improved grassland (IG),in Horqin Sandy Land,Inner Mongolia,Northeast *** samples were collected at depths of 0-1.,1.-2.,and 2.-3. *** organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) exhibited positive effects on the total number of nematodes and trophic *** treatment effects were found in the total number of nematodes,plant parasites,and *** taken in the improved grassland could improve the number of omnivore-predators,especially in the deeper soil *** richness was lower in the DG treatment than in the IG and UG *** food web structure index (SI) was significantly higher in the UG and IG treatments than in the DG treatment.A higher SI suggested a food web with more trophic linkages and relatively healthy ecosystems.

关键词： functional groups grassland degradation Horqin Sandy Land soil nematodes

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Eclogites in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and their geodynamic implications

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第15期54卷 2556-2567页

作者： ZHANG Kaijun1.2.& TANG XianChun2.3.1.Department of Earth {1., Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.1}093.{1. 2.Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of {1., Guangzhou 51.640,{1. 3.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of {1., {13. 1.0049,{1. Department of Earth sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Eclogites have been recently reported in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, including in the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, in the Basu metamorphic massif of the eastern Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, and at Songdo and Pengco in the eastern Lhasa terrane. Some typical ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic phenomena, e.g., garnet exsolution from clinopyroxene, were documented in the Basu and Pengco eclogites. The UHP metamorphism in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau marked by these eclogites generally took place in the Early Mesozoic. Along with exhumation of these eclogites, (post-) collision-related magmatism extensively occurred around the central Qiangtang belt, the eastern Ban-gong-Nujiang suture zone, and the eastern Lhasa terrane. The occurrence of these Early Mesozoic ec-logites manifests an out-of-sequence evolution of the Tethys, and they could be a product of diachro-nous collision between the eastern Qiangtang terrane and the irregular continental margin of the united western Qiangtang-Lhasa plate, along the linked eastern Bangong-Nujiang-central Qiangtang zone. The collision-related magmatic rocks could have been originated from lithospheric thickening, melting, or detachment due to the collision. The presence of UHP metamorphic rocks in central Qiangtang and Basu implies likely continental deep-subduction, and the denudation of these two metamorphic zones could have served as the source of the Triassic turbidites in the Songpan-Garzê complex and the ju-rassic turbidites in the western Bangong-Nujiang zone, respectively. However, studies of the eclogites in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau just began, and many principal aspects still remain to be explored, such as their distributions, typical lithologies and minerals, temperature-pressure conditions, timing of formation and exhumation, protoliths and tectonic setting, and relationship with the evolution of the Tethys and large-scale basins in Tibet.

关键词：地球动力学意义青藏高原榴辉岩

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Energy analysis for damage and catastrophic failure of rocks

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Science china(Technological {1.) 2011年第S1期54卷 199-209页

作者： XIE HePing 1.2.LI LiYun 2.1.{2. Yang 2.PENG RuiDong 2.& YANG YongMing 2.1.Sichuan University,Chengdu 61.065,{1. 2.State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,{1. Key Laboratory of Fracture and Damage Mechanics of Rock and Concrete,{1. University of Mining and Technology,{1. 1.0083.{1. 1. Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China 2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining Beijing Key Laboratory of Fracture and Damage Mechanics of Rock and Concrete China University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China

The development history and current state of studies on the characteristics and mechanisms of deformation and failure of rock materials were briefly reviewed from the viewpoint of *** main scope and the achievable objectives of the energy-based research system were *** was validated by experiments that the damage process of rocks can be well described by the rock damage evolution equation established based on energy *** was found from the uniaxial compression and biaxial compression tests that only a small proportion of the total input energy in hard rocks is dissipated before peak load and a large proportion in soft rocks is dissipated before peak *** both hard and soft rocks,the energy dissipated after peak load accounts for a greater *** energy would be required for rock failure under equal biaxial compression than under unequal biaxial *** total absorbed energy is different for rock failure under high-rate loading and low-rate *** fragmented failure pattern usually corresponds to higher energy *** mesoscopic analysis on the damage and failure of bedded salt rocks showed that the energy dissipation is prominent and the total absorbed energy for rock failure is low when cracks propagate in the weak mud interlayer while it is contrary when cracks propagate in the salt *** energy accumulation,transfer,dissipation and release during the failure process of tunnel with impending failure under disturbance were analyzed theoretically based on the elastoplastic mechanics ***,the spatial distribution of energy dissipation and energy release of fractured rocks under unloading was simulated *** was demonstrated that energy is likely to be released from the weakest surface under compression,which triggers the global failure of rocks.

关键词： rock deformation failure energy accumulation energy dissipation energy release

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