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Influence of birth order, birth weight, colostrum and serum immunoglobulin G on neonatal piglet survival

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第2期4卷 128-136页

作者： Rafael A Cabrera Xi Lin joy m campbell Adam J moeser Jack Odle Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University Huvepharma USA Inc. 525 West Park Drive Suite 230 Peachtree City American Protein Corporation Department of Population Health and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 101 Polk Hall North Carolina State University

Background： Intake of colostrum after birth is essential to stimulate intestinal growth and function, and to provide systemic immunological protection via absorption of Immunoglobulin G （IgG）. The birth order and weight of 745 piglets （from 75 litters） were recorded during a one-week period of farrowing. Only pigs weighing greater than 0.68 kg birth weight were chosen for the trial. Sow colostrum was collected during parturition, and piglets were bled between 48 and 72 hours post-birth. Piglet serum IgG and colostral IgG concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Results： Sow parity had a significant （P 〈 0.001） effect on sow colostral IgG concentration, being 5% higher in multiparous females. Sow colostral IgG concentration explained 6% and piglet birth order accounted for another 4% of the variation observed in piglet serum IgG concentration （P 〈 0.05）; however, birth weight had no detectable effect. Piglet serum IgG concentration had both a linear （P 〈 0.05） and quadratic effect （P 〈 0.05） on % survival. Piglets with 1,000 mg/dl serum IgG or less （n=24） had a 67% survival; whereas, piglets with IgG concentrations between 2250 to 2500 mg/dl （n=247） had a 91% survival. Birth order had no detectable effect on survival, but birth weight had a positive linear effect （P 〈 0.05）. Piglets weighing 0.9 kg （n = 107） at birth had a 68% survival rate, and those weighing 1.6 kg （n = 158） had an 89% survival. Conclusion： We found that the combination of sow colostrum IgG concentration and birth order can account for 10% of the variation of piglet serum IgG concentration and that piglets with less than 1,000 mg/dl IgG serum concentration and weight of 0.9 kg at birth had low survival rate when compared to their larger siblings. The effective management of colostrum uptake in neonatal piglets in the first 24 hrs post-birth may potentially improve survival from birth to weaning.

关键词： Birth order Birth weight Immunoglobulin G Colostrum Survivability

Bovine immunoglobulin protein isolates for the nutritional management of enteropathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11713-11726页

作者： Bryon W Petschow Anthony T Blikslager Eric m Weaver joy m campbell Javier Polo Audrey L Shaw Bruce P Burnett Gerald L Klein J marc Rhoads Entera Health Inc. NC 27518 United States College of Veterinary medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 United States APC Inc. Ankeny IA 50021 United States APC Europe S.A. Barcelona E-08403 Spain University of Texas Health Sciences Center Houston TX 77030 United States

The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for a multitude of digestive and immune functions which depend upon the balanced interaction of the intestinal microbiota, diet, gut barrier function, and mucosal immune response. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to intestinal disorders or enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation, increased gut permeability, and reduced capacity to absorb nutrients. Enteropathy is frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune enteropathy, radiation enteritis, and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), where pathologic changes in the intestinal tract lead to abdominal discomfort, bloating, abnormal bowel function(e.g., diarrhea, urgency, constipation and malabsorption). Unfortunately, effective therapies for the management ofenteropathy and restoring intestinal health are still not available. An accumulating body of preclinical studies has demonstrated that oral administration of plasmaor serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animal models. Recent studies in humans, using serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate, demonstrate that such protein preparations are safe and improve symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy. Benefits have been shown in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant IBS. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies with plasma/serum protein concentrates and describes the effects on host nutrition, intestinal function, and markers of intestinal inflammation. It supports the concept that immunoglobulin-containing protein preparations may offer a new strategy for restoring functional homeostasis in the intestinal tract of patients with enteropathy.

关键词： Immunoglobulins Plasma proteins Inflammation Gut barrier Diarrhea malabsorption Treatment Nutrition

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早期断奶仔猪的生物学应激

国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2014年第S1期34卷 3-6页

作者：陈建康 joy m campbell Joe D Crenshaw Javier Polo 美国APC公司

当仔猪断奶后离开其母猪时,会遭遇到生物学应激,如生理的、环境的和社会的挑战。断奶过程是猪一生中最具应激性的事件,会造成肠道和免疫系统的机能障碍,结果导致猪健康状况、生长性能和采食量的降低,特别是断奶后首周内。饲养系统、营... 详细信息

当仔猪断奶后离开其母猪时,会遭遇到生物学应激,如生理的、环境的和社会的挑战。断奶过程是猪一生中最具应激性的事件,会造成肠道和免疫系统的机能障碍,结果导致猪健康状况、生长性能和采食量的降低,特别是断奶后首周内。饲养系统、营养、健康和管理技术的改进已被用来将断奶应激的一些不利影响降至最小程度,但是更好地了解应激的生物学作用,为改进能够克服断奶应激的策略所需要的。本综述的重点,是简要地描述与断奶有关的生物学应激是如何通过影响肠道形态、结构、生理和肠道免疫反应,进而可能会影响生产效率,如生长、采食量、发病率和死亡率。

关键词：生物学应激肠猪断奶

Structural Style and Hydrocarbon Prospectivity of the Growth Faults Related Structures in the Bengal Basin

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第8期12卷 197-218页

作者： md. Fazle Rabbi joy md. mostafizur Rahman S. m. mainul Kabir Tamanna Binte Arfan Farhad Hsossain Department of Geology University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh

The structural and tectonic evolution of the Bengal Basin is characterized by a complex interplay of factors, including sedimentation, the rise of the Himalayan mountains, and the movements of Jurassic syn-rift faults. This study aims to comprehend the progression of growth faults inside the basin by examining fault geometry, basin development, and structural relief patterns. We used high-quality 2D seismic lines from the PK-mY-8403, classical seismic interpretation techniques and modeling were carried out to reveal the plate tectonic conditions, stratigraphy, and sedimentation history of the basin. The break-up unconformity, Paleocene and Eocene submerged conditions, and crucial geological formations including the Sylhet Limestone, Barail Group, and Surma Group were among the notable features recognized in seismic section. With an emphasis on growth strata and pre-growth strata, significant variations in layer thickness and relief were remarked in different stratigraphic levels. Basin development events like the evolution of the miocene remnant ocean basin, sedimentation in Oligocene, Eocene Himalayan collision, and the Pliocene reverse fault development are analyzed. In the early the Pliocene compressional forces outpaced sedimentation rates and syn-depositional normal faults of Oligocene time began to move in opposite direction. Syn-depositional growth faults may have formed in the Bengal Basin as a result of this reversal. This research provides a detailed comprehensive knowledge of growth fault development in the Bengal Basin following the seismic interpretation, modelling, and thickness/relief analysis. The outcomes point to a substantial hydrocarbon potential, especially in regions like the Eocene Hinge Zone, where the prospectivity of the area is enhanced by carbonate reefs and Jalangi shale. However, the existence of petroleum four-way closure in the investigated region requires further investigation.

关键词： Plate Tectonic Subsidence History Structural Relief Syn-Depositional model Growth Fault Petroleum System

Biology of tooth replacement in amniotes

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International Journal of Oral Science 2013年第2期5卷 66-70页

作者： John A Whitlock joy m Richman Department of Oral Health Sciences Faculty of DentistryLife Sciences InstituteUniversity of British Columbia

Tooth replacement is a common trait to most vertebrates, including mammals. mammals, however, have lost the capacity for continuous tooth renewal seen in most other vertebrates, and typically have only 1-2 generations of teeth. Here, we review the mechanisms of tooth replacement in reptiles and mammals, and discuss in detail the current and historical theories on control of timing and pattern of tooth replacement and development.

关键词： dental lamina growth factor signalling mammal epithelial stem cells diphyodonty polyphyodonty reptile successional lamina tooth replacement Zahnreihen, zone of inhibition

mining diversity of the natural biorefinery housed within Tipula abdominalis larvae for use in an industrial biorefinery for production of lignocellulosic ethanol

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 303-312页

作者： Dana m. Cook joy Doran-Peterson microbiology Department University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA

Although they are the largest taxonomic group of animals, relatively few insects have been examined for symbiotic relationships with micro-organisms. However, this is rapidly changing because of the potential for examination of the natural insectmicrobe-lignocellulose interactions to provide insights for biofuel technology. micro-organisms associated with lignocellulose-consuming insects often facilitate the digestion of the recalcitrant plant diet; therefore these microbial communities may be mined for novel lignocellulose-degrading microbes, or for robust and inexpensive biocatalysts necessary for economically feasible biofuel production from lignocellulose. These insect-microbe interactions are influenced by the ecosystem and specific lignocellulose diet, and appre- ciating the whole ecosystem-insect-microbiota-lignocellulose as a natural biorefinery provides a rich and diverse framework from which to design novel industrial processes. One such natural biorefinery, the Tipula abdominalis larvae in riparian ecosystems, is reviewed herein with applications for biochemical processes and overcoming challenges involved in conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuel ethanol. From the dense and diverse T. abdominalis larval hindgut microbial community, a cellulolytic bacterial isolate, 27C64, demonstrated enzymatic activity toward many model plant polymers and also produced a bacterial antibiotic. 27C64 was co-cultured with yeast in fermentation of pine to ethanol, which allowed for a 20% reduction of commercial enzyme. In this study, a micro-organism from a lignocellulose-consuming insect was successfully applied for improvement of biomass-to-biofuel technology.

关键词： ethanol hydrolytic enzymes insect-associated microorganisms lignocellulose

Evaluation of auditory working memory in Bharatanatyam dancers

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Journal of Otology 2022年第2期17卷 95-100页

作者： Praveen Prakash Anjana m.Nath mereena joy Prashanth Prabhu Department of Audiology All India Institute of Speech and HearingManasagangothriMysuru570006India Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology Amrita Institute of Medical SciencesKochi682041India

Background:Neuroplasticity is a phenomenon exhibited by our nervous system as an indicator of overall development and in response to training,injury/loss of particular function,treatment/drugs and as a result of stimulation from the surrounding ***:The aim of the current study was to assess the auditory working memory capacities in Bharatanatyam ***:The participants comprised fifty-four females with normal hearing sensitivity who belonged to two ***-I consisted of 27 individuals who underwent formal training in Bharatanatyam for a minimum period of three ***-II consisted of the age-matched control group,consisting of 27individuals who were *** auditory working memory tasks included arranging the English digits presented binaurally in forward,backward,ascending,and descending *** maximum values(for the length of sequence arranged),midpoint values(average score),and response time for each task were noted down and compared among ***:The scores were compared using the mann-Whitney U test,which revealed enhanced working memory exhibited by dancers for maximum values and midpoint scores for all three tasks except ascending *** was also noted that the dancers exhibited a shorter response time compared to nondancers for all the tasks except ascending ***:The current study highlights an enhanced auditory working memory capacity in Bharatanatyam dancers,which could be perceived as evidence of neuroplastic changes induced in the auditory and motor cortex as a consequence of extensive stimulation for auditory processing abilities and motor planning resulting from long-term dance training and regular practice.

关键词： Neuroplasticity Bharatanatyam dance Dance training Auditory processing abilities

Biology and control of the fruit borer, Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley on litchi （Litchi chinensis Sonn.） in northern Thailand

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Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 525-529页

作者： mARIE joy SCHULTE KONRAD mARTIN JOACHIm SAUERBORN Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany

Fruit and leaf shoot of litchi （Litchi chinensis） infestation by naturally occurring populations of the fruit bprer, Conopomorpha sinensis larvae and C. sinensis parasitization rates were determined in litchi orchards in northern Thailand at high （ca. 1 400 m ASL） and low （ca. 800 m ASL） elevations with different, non-overlapping fruiting seasons. In addition, spray applications of Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai, the natural compound spinosad and the chemical pesticide imidacloprid were conducted in the field to test the effects of these agents on C. sinensis fruit infestation rate. Fruit infestation rate and fruit growth, studied in a low elevation orchard, were sigmoidal and showed a highly significant positive correlation （P ≤ 0.01）. Leaf shoot infestation rate in the low elevation orchard decreased in the course of the fruiting season （march until may）, but increased in the high elevation orchard, where no fruits were present within the same period of time. Together, these results indicate that females of C. sinensis clearly prefer fruits over shoots for oviposition. If no fruits are available, which was the case in the high elevation orchard during that time, they are constrained to lay their eggs on shoots. The parasitization rate of C. sinensis larvae in untreated fruits was 54.3%. The parasitoid species were Chelonus chailini （90.8%） and Phanerotoma sp. （9.2%）. In the leaf shoots, C. sinensis was found to be parasitized by Phanerotoma sp. and Apanteles briareus. The applications of the different active agents had no significant effect on C. sinensis fruit infestation compared to the untreated control. Besides the cryptic life of the larvae, this is most probably explained by the fact that C. sinensis has several generations during the fruiting season. Because of the high parasitization rates recorded, an alternative and more effective control measure than the application of pesticides might be the augmentative release of parasitoids.

关键词： Conopomorpha sinensis fruit infestation Litchi chinensis northern Thailand,parasitoids pest control

The crystal structure of the non-liganded 14-3-3σ protein: insights into determinants of isoform specific ligand binding and dimerization

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Cell Research 2005年第4期15卷 219-227页

作者： Anne BENZINGER, Grzegorz m. POPOWICZ, Joma K. joy,Sudipta mAJUmDAR,Tad A. HOLAK,Heiko HERmEKING molecular Oncology Group max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 martinsried Germany NmR Group max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 martinsried Germany NmR Group max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 martinsried Germany NmR Group max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 martinsried Germany NmR Group max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 martinsried Germany molecular Oncology Group max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 martinsried Germany

Seven different, but highly conserved 14-3-3 proteins are involved in diverse signaling pathways in human cells. It isunclear how the 14-3-3σ isoform, a transcriptional target of p53, exerts its inhibitory effect on the cell cycle in thepresence of other 14-3-3 isoforms, which are constitutively expressed at high levels. In order to identify structuraldifferences between the 14-3-3 isoforms, we solved the crystal structure of the human 14-3-3σ protein at a resolutionof 2.8 ? and compared it to the known structures of 14-3-3ζ and 14-3-3τ. The global architecture of the 14-3-3σ foldis similar to the previously determined structures of 14-3-3ζ and 14-3-3τ: two 14-3-3σ molecules form a cup-shapeddimer. Significant differences between these 14-3-3 isoforms were detected adjacent to the amphipathic groove, whichmediates the binding to phosphorylated consensus motifs in 14-3-3-ligands. Another specificity determining region islocalized between amino-acids 203 to 215. These differences presumably select for the interaction with specific ligands,which may explain the different biological functions of the respective 14-3-3 isoforms. Furthermore, the two 14-3-3σmolecules forming a dimer differ by the spatial position of the ninth helix, which is shifted to the inside of the ligandinteraction surface, thus indicating adaptability of this part of the molecule. In addition, 5 non-conserved residues arelocated at the interface between two 14-3-3σ proteins forming a dimer and represent candidate determinants of homo-and hetero-dimerization specificity. The structural differences among the 14-3-3 isoforms described here presumablycontribute to isoform-specific interactions and functions.

关键词： 14-3-3σ p53 crystal structure tumor suppression 14-3-3 isoform specificity.