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Uncomfortable prototypes： Rethinking socio-cultural factors for the design of public housing in Billiri, north east Nigeria

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2013年第3期2卷 310-321页

作者： joy joshua maina School of the Built Environment University of Nottingham Nottingharn NG7 2RD UK

Public housing delivery in developing countries often involves the provision of government- funded housing units. Over time, occupants transform such units to suit their changing needs or to increase and improve housing stock-a practice that has been the focus of several documented studies intended to inform policy makers about changing housing trends. Abandoned units have, however, received comparatively less attention. The present paper reports findings from the documentation and analyses of abandoned and modified prototype units in Billiri, the main town occupied by the Tangale community in north east Nigeria. The methodology involves space syntax methods, as well as the analyses of space use patterns in 45 randomly selected compounds built by the community and in two sets of prototype housing units in the study area. Results suggest that socio-cultural factors related to kinship, security, and basic needs, which form part of the community heritage, are inadequately reflected in the location and design of the units, accounting for their abandonment and modification. These findings have implications for future housing policies in the area.

关键词： Public housing Prototype units Socio-cultural factorsTangale land North east Nigeria

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Development ofLeishmania vaccines:predicting the future from past and present experience

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2013年第2期27卷 85-102页

作者： joshua Muli Mutiso John Chege Macharia Maria Ndunge Kiio James maina Ichagichu Hitler Rikoi Michael Muita Gicheru Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases Institute of Primate Research Department of Zoological Sciences Kenyatta University

Leishmaniasis is a disease that ranges in severity infection. Resistance to infection is associated with from skin lesions to serious disfigurement and fatal systemic a T-helper-1 immune response that activates macrophages to kill the intracellular parasite in a nitric oxide-dependent manner. Conversely, disease progression is generally associated with a T-helper-2 response that activates humoral immunity. Current control is based on chemothera- peutic treatments which are expensive, toxic and associated with high relapse and resistance rates. Vaccination remains the best hope for control of all forms of the disease, and the development of a safe, effective and affordable antileishmanial vaccine is a critical global public-health priority. Extensive evidence from studies in animal models indicates that solid protection can be achieved by immunization with defined subunit vaccines or live-at- tenuated strains of Leishmania. However, to date, no vaccine is available despite substantial efforts by many laboratories. Major impediments in Leishmania vaccine development include： lack of adequate funding from national and international agencies, problems related to the translation of data from animal models to human disease, and the transition from the laboratory to the field. Furthermore, a thorough understanding of protective immune responses and generation and maintenance of the immunological memory, an important but least-studied aspect of antiparasitic vaccine development, during Leishmania infection is needed. This review focuses on the progress of the search for an effective vaccine against human and canine leishmaniasis.

关键词： Leishmania leishmaniasis vaccine immunization immune response

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Hybrid Bacterial Foraging Optimization with Sparse Autoencoder for Energy Systems

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第4期45卷 701-714页

作者： Helen Josephine V L Ramchand Vedaiyan V.M.Arul Xavier joy Winston J A.Jegatheesan D.Lakshmi joshua Samuel Raj Business Analytics School of Business and ManagementChrist UniversityBangalore560029India Department of Computer Science and IT School of SciencesJain Deemed to be UniversityBangalore560027India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and SciencesCoimbatore641114India College of Computer Studies University of Technology Bahrain18041Bahrain Institute of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai602105India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Institute of TechnologyChennai600123India Department of Information Science&Engineering CMR Institute of TechnologyBengaluru560037India

The Internet of Things(IoT)technologies has gained significant interest in the design of smart grids(SGs).The increasing amount of distributed generations,maturity of existing grid infrastructures,and demand network transformation have received maximum *** essential energy storing model mostly the electrical energy stored methods are developing as the diagnoses for its procedure was becoming further *** dynamic electrical energy stored model using Electric Vehicles(EVs)is comparatively standard because of its excellent electrical property and flexibility however the chance of damage to its battery was there in event of overcharging or deep discharging and its mass penetration deeply influences the *** paper offers a new Hybridization of Bacterial foraging optimization with Sparse Autoencoder(HBFOA-SAE)model for IoT Enabled energy *** proposed HBFOA-SAE model majorly intends to effectually estimate the state of charge(SOC)values in the IoT based energy *** accomplish this,the SAE technique was executed to proper determination of the SOC values in the energy ***,for improving the performance of the SOC estimation process,the HBFOA is *** addition,the HBFOA technique is derived by the integration of the hill climbing(HC)concepts with the BFOA to improve the overall *** ensuring better outcomes for the HBFOA-SAE model,a comprehensive set of simulations were performed and the outcomes are inspected under several *** experimental results reported the supremacy of the HBFOA-SAE model over the recent state of art approaches.

关键词： Internet of things energy systems state of charge estimation machine learning deep learning metaheuristics

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The Role of Extracurricular Activities In Children’s Education The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese *** month we talk about the role extracurricular activities play in Children’s education

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ChinAfrica 2021年第7期13卷 56-57页

作者： joshua Olatunji AYENI Li Shuhui 不详

Although there may be some drawbacks of taking part in extracurricular activities such as conflict of interest,time management and extra costs,the joy and fulfillment that students derive from pursuing their passions through these activities far outweigh the concerns surround ing the notion that extracurricular activities bring extra stress to the students mentally and the parents *** thought is nothing but phantasmagoric;as long as the activities are not forced on students,and they choose them based on their interests and capabilities.

关键词： nothing education notion

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