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Risk of imported malaria infections in Zanzibar: a cross-sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 100-100页

作者： Bakar s.Fakih Aurel Holzschuh Amanda Ross Logan stuck Ramadhan Abdul Abdul-Wahid H.Al-Mafazy Imani Irema Abdallah Mbena sumaiyya G.Thawer shija J.shija safia M.Aliy Abdullah Ali Günther Fink joshua Yukich Manuel W.Hetzel Ifakara Health Institute Dar es Salaam Tanzania swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Allschwil Switzerland University of Basel Basel Switzerland Department of Biological sciences Eck Institute for Global Health University of Notre Dame Notre Dame USA Tulane University school of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans USA Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development Amsterdam Netherlands Zanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme Zanzibar United Republic of Tanzania

BackgroundZanzibar has made substantial progress in malaria control with vector control, improved diagnosis, and artemisinin-based combination therapy. Parasite prevalence in the population has remained around 1% but imported infections from mainland Tanzania contribute to sustained local transmission. Understanding travel patterns between mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar, and the risk of malaria infection, may help to control malaria importation to *** rolling cross-sectional survey linked to routine reactive case detection of malaria was carried out in Zanzibar between May 2017 and October 2018. Households of patients diagnosed with malaria at health facilities were surveyed and household members were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests and a sub-sample by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Interviews elicited a detailed travel history of all household members who had travelled within the past two months, including trips within and outside of Zanzibar. We estimated the association of malaria infection with travel destinations in pre-defined malaria endemicity categories, trip duration, and other co-variates using logistic *** 17,891 survey participants, 1177 (7%) reported a recent trip, of which 769 (65%) visited mainland Tanzania. Among travellers to mainland Tanzania with travel destination details and a qPCR result available, 241/378 (64%) reported traveling to districts with a ‘high’ malaria endemicity and for 12% the highest endemicity category was ‘moderate’. Travelers to the mainland were more likely to be infected with malaria parasites (29%, 108/378) than those traveling within Zanzibar (8%, 16/206) or to other countries (6%, 2/17). Among travellers to mainland Tanzania, those visiting highly endemic districts had a higher odds of being qPCR-positive than those who travelled only to districts where malaria-endemicity was classified as low or very low (adjusted odd ratio = 7.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.9–25.5). Among travel

关键词： Malaria Importation Travel Zanzibar Tanzania Elimination

用水泥和垃圾焚灰加固新加坡海洋粘土的实验研究

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用水泥和垃圾焚灰加固新加坡海洋粘土的实验研究

中国土木工程学会第九届土力学及岩土工程学术会议

作者：周顺和马睿 joshua VM Kuma Department of Civil Engmeenng National University of Singapore BLK E1A #07-03 Engineering Drive 2 Singapore 117576

传统的粉煤灰在混凝土工艺和水泥加固土技术中得到了广泛的应用。本文则侧重于对一种新型的扬灰的颇具意义的利用的研究。该扬灰来自干垃圾和城市固体废弃物(MsW)的焚烧,在本文中称为焚灰(IA)。通过一系列的实验,焚灰的物理特性得以确... 详细信息

传统的粉煤灰在混凝土工艺和水泥加固土技术中得到了广泛的应用。本文则侧重于对一种新型的扬灰的颇具意义的利用的研究。该扬灰来自干垃圾和城市固体废弃物(MsW)的焚烧,在本文中称为焚灰(IA)。通过一系列的实验,焚灰的物理特性得以确定。通过对新加坡海洋粘土(sMC)、水泥和IA的混合物做的无侧限抗压实验,确定了掺入具有不同水/焚灰比(wa/a)的IA如何改变水泥加固土的强度特性。期望中,当水泥含量增加的时候,无侧限抗压强度(UC强度)应有所增长。实验结果表明,当IA加入到其中,UC强度的变化趋势主要受水泥/(土壤+焚灰)[c/(s+a)]之比影响,而非水泥/土壤(c/s)之比。保持其他参数不变,当W/a从1减到0的时候,粘土、水泥及IA的混合物的强度有所增长。

关键词：焚灰水泥新加坡海洋粘土加固无侧限抗压强度含量水灰比

Chronic political instability and HIV/AIDs response in Guinea-Bissau: a qualitative study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第3期10卷 101-101页

作者： joshua Galjour Philip J.Havik Peter Aaby Amabelia Rodrigues Laura Hoemeke Michael J.Deml Jinkou Zhao Emmanuel Kabengele Mpinga Institute of Global Health University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland 不详

Background:The Republic of Guinea-Bissau in West Africa has a high HIV/AIDs disease burden and has experienced political instability in the recent *** study used qualitative methods to better understand key stakeholders*perceptions of the effects of chr onic political in stability on the HIV/AIDs response in Guinea-Bissau from 2000 to 2015 and lessons learned for overcoming them.

关键词： Guinea-Bissau HIV/AIDs Political in stability Governa nee Global health Qualitative health research

NICE指南更新概要:慢性阻塞性肺疾病的诊断和管理

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英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第6期23卷 346-352页

作者： Nicholas s Hopkinson Andrew Molyneux joshua Pink Marie C Harrisingh 颜佳扬(译者) 林辉煌(译者) 姜红妮(审校者) 瞿介明(审校者) National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial CollegeLondonUK sherwood Forest Hospitals NHs Foundation Trust NottinghamshireUK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence LondonUK 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)具有高发病率和高病死率,在英国被确诊为COPD的共有130万人。COPD也是常见的住院原因之一。虽然英国国家医疗服务体系(National Health service,NHs)已将呼吸系统疾病纳... 详细信息

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)具有高发病率和高病死率,在英国被确诊为COPD的共有130万人。COPD也是常见的住院原因之一。虽然英国国家医疗服务体系(National Health service,NHs)已将呼吸系统疾病纳入其长期计划的优先范畴,但是英国皇家内科医师学会COPD审查项目却显示整个医疗体系仍存在大量缺陷,包括肺康复治疗、戒烟治疗和流感疫苗等方面均未落实到位。

关键词：慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸系统疾病流感疫苗肺康复治疗英国国家医疗服务体系医疗体系住院原因 pulmonary

Estimating geographic variation of infection fatality ratios during epidemics

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 634-643页

作者： joshua Ladau Eoin L.Brodie Nicola Falco Ishan Bansal Elijah B.Hoffman Marcin P.Joachimiak Ana M.Mora Angelica M.Walker Haruko M.Wainwright Yulun Wu Mirko Pavicic Daniel Jacobson Matthias Hess James B.Brown Katrina Abuabara Departments of Computational Precision Health and Dermatology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94115USA Arva Intelligence Inc.Salt Lake CityUT84101USA Computational Biosciences Group Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Earth and Environmental sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Graduate Group in Biostatistics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Biosystems Data science Environmental Genomics and Systems BiologyLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Center for Environmental Research and Community Health(CERCH) School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA Department of Nuclear science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMA02139USA Biosciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA University of California DavisCA95616USA statistics Department University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California Berkeley School of Public Health2121 Berkeley WayBerkeleyCA94720USA

Objectives We aim to estimate geographic variability in total numbers of infections and infection fatality ratios(IFR;the number of deaths caused by an infection per 1,000 infected people)when the availability and quality of data on disease burden are limited during an *** We develop a noncentral hypergeometric framework that accounts for differential probabilities of positive tests and reflects the fact that symptomatic people are more likely to seek *** demonstrate the robustness,accuracy,and precision of this framework,and apply it to the United states(U.s.)COVID-19 pandemic to estimate county-level sARs-CoV-2 *** The estimators for the numbers of infections and IFRs showed high accuracy and precision;for instance,when applied to simulated validation data sets,across counties,Pearson correlation coefficients between estimator means and true values were 0.996 and 0.928,respectively,and they showed strong robustness to model *** the county-level estimators to the real,unsimulated COVID-19 data spanning April 1,2020 to september 30,2020 from across the U.s.,we found that IFRs varied from 0 to 44.69,with a standard deviation of 3.55 and a median of *** The proposed estimation framework can be used to identify geographic variation in IFRs across settings.

关键词： Infection fatality ratio Infection fatality rate Noncentral hypergeometric distribution COVID-19 sARs-CoV-2

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董仲舒的辩证法思想

孔学堂 2015年第3期2卷 16-25,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133页

作者：周桂钿何大海 sang Qiubo Wang Jingqiong joshua Mason 北京师范大学教授博士生导师北京100875 中国人民大学国学院

长久以来,董仲舒被学术界认为是形而上学的代表,其思想体系没有包含辩证法的因素。但是从董仲舒的整体学说来看,他阐述了丰富的辩证法思想,主要有常变经权论、中和论、辞指论、五行论等四个方面。常变经权论提出反对固守经学教条,从实... 详细信息

长久以来,董仲舒被学术界认为是形而上学的代表,其思想体系没有包含辩证法的因素。但是从董仲舒的整体学说来看,他阐述了丰富的辩证法思想,主要有常变经权论、中和论、辞指论、五行论等四个方面。常变经权论提出反对固守经学教条,从实际情况出发的辩证法思想;中和论提倡要以中和养身和以中和治天下的思想,尤其是政府要具备"调均"能力的社会经济学观点;辞指论强调语言不能完全表达思想,因此不能拘泥于语言文字,而要领会其精神实质,从微言中发现大义;五行论整合了传统的五行相生、相胜学说,提出了五行"比相生而间相胜"的辩证观点。

关键词：董仲舒辩证法常变经权中和辞指五行

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激光辅助扫描隧道显微镜对纳米碳管的研究

激光辅助扫描隧道显微镜对纳米碳管的研究

中国化学会第二十五届学术年会

作者：时东霞 joshua B.Ballard Erin s.Carmichael Joseph W.Lyding Martin Gruebele 中国科学院物理研究所纳米物理实验室 Beckman Institute of Advanced science and Technology University of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois61801 Beckman Institute of Advanced science and Technology University of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois61801 Beckman Institute of Advanced science and Technology University of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois61801 Beckman Institute of Advanced science and Technology University of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois61801

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青藏高原微生物生物地理分布

青藏高原微生物生物地理分布

第七次全国土壤生物与生物化学学术研讨会暨第二次全国土壤健康学术研讨会

作者：时玉 joshua Ladau 井新贺金生陈立同 Katherine s Pollard Jack A Gilbert 禇海燕中国科学院南京土壤研究所 The Gladstone Institutes University of California 北京大学城市与环境学院中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 Argonne National Laboratory Biosciences Division

青藏高原是世界上海拔最高,面积最大的高原,其生态环境系统独特,气候条件特殊,孕育了特有微生物资源。目前,对于该区域大范围的微生物生物地理分布的研究,还处于空白。本研究致力于揭示青藏高原微生物分布模式,明确青藏高原微生物群落... 详细信息

青藏高原是世界上海拔最高,面积最大的高原,其生态环境系统独特,气候条件特殊,孕育了特有微生物资源。目前,对于该区域大范围的微生物生物地理分布的研究,还处于空白。本研究致力于揭示青藏高原微生物分布模式,明确青藏高原微生物群落分布驱动因子。本研究通过调查青藏高原植被数据,结合土壤、气候以及地理信息数据,利用454高通量测序技术,初步研究青藏高原土壤细菌、古细菌多样性以及群落分布模式与格局,利用种群分布模型制作了青藏高原土壤细菌群落及多样性分布图。青藏高原表层土壤细菌高通量测序结果表明,放线菌为青藏高原土壤的主要优势菌门,所占总体序列比达到30.88%。青藏高原土壤细菌群落能受到多种土壤环境变量的显著影响,其中以土壤碳氮比的影响最为显著;同时发现不同植被类型下,细菌群落有明显不同。青藏高原表层土壤古细菌高通量测序结果表明,奇古细菌占了绝对优势,占到了总共序列的95.87%,其次为嗜盐杆菌,达到了2.54%。这两类菌门占到了总序列的98%。青藏高原土壤古细菌群落能受到多种土壤环境变量的显著影响,其中以土壤含水量的影响最为显著;同时发现不同植被类型下,古细菌群落有明显不同。青藏高原土壤细菌分布预测模型表明,细菌α多样性在青藏高原东北部、东部以及中部地区具有较高,而在西北部以及西部地区则较低。青藏高原细菌群落在东北部和中部地区相似性较高,西北部以及西部地区相似性较高,而东部与四川云南接壤地区细菌群落与其他地区细菌群落差异较大。Alpha-变形菌在预测图上表现为东部地区较西部地区具有较高丰度,而Beta-变形菌则表现为东北部以及中部地区较西北部以及西部地区具有较高丰度。酸酐菌表现为在西北部、东北部以东南部较其他地区具有较低丰度。青藏高原土壤细菌预测模型预测因子分析结果表明,降雨量的变化青藏高原土壤细菌群落分布模型的主要预测因子。细菌群落110年动态变化的气候预测因子研究表明,50年前的气候因素对青藏高原的细菌群落分布具有较强的影响力。本研究结果为青藏高原土壤微生物以及植物对未来亚洲以及全球气候变化响应的研究提供理论依据。

关键词：青藏高原微生物地理分布驱动因子预测模型

Bilcare案件,KsR案件,专利法中的有效性推定、初步救济和显而易见性

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Bilcare案件,KSR案件,专利法中的有效性推定、初步救济和显而易见...

作者： joshua D.sarnoff 刘颖何伦健美利坚大学(American University)华盛顿法学院信息公平和知识产权项目国家知识产权局条法司

在Bilcare Ltd.v.M/s The supreme Industries Ltd.案中,德里高级法院确认了下级法院的决定,该决定取消了向被诉专利侵权人发布单方禁令的命令,驳回了即使专利处于异议程序中也应当推定该专利有效的争辩。在KsR International,Inc.v. Te...

在Bilcare Ltd.v.M/s The supreme Industries Ltd.案中,德里高级法院确认了下级法院的决定,该决定取消了向被诉专利侵权人发布单方禁令的命令,驳回了即使专利处于异议程序中也应当推定该专利有效的争辩。在KsR International,Inc.v. Teleflex Co.案中,美国最高法院推翻了联邦巡回上诉法院对专利法第103条一直以来的解释,即,意图证明无效的质疑者必须证明存在组合背景技术的教导、启示或动机。这些案件揭示了(在不同的程序和实体法律背景中)对行政机关授权专利有效性的立法和司法推定的观点。本文解释了该推定是如何同证据相关而不是同法律判决的作用相关。参照Bilcare案,本文建议提出证据以质疑有效性的机会即使在初步救济中也应当得以提供,并讨论了同时在行政和司法系统中质疑有效性时带来的关注。本文随后记述了KsR的决定是如何采取显而易见性的实体法律规则的。该规则取代了有效性的立法推定,转移了提供证据和证明的责任并且(针对某些发明)限制了能够被专利权人用来证明非显而易见性的相关证据的范围。最后,本文主张美国的立法推定不应当再由法院解释成增加证明无效的负担。

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