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Tech.ology for h.alth. A qualitative study on barriers to using th. iPad for diet ch.nge

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h.alth 2013年第4期5卷 761-768页

作者： Cameron Lister joshua h. west Rickelle Rich.rds Benjamin Crookston Parley Cougar h.ll Alish. h. Redelfs Department of h.alth.Science Brigham Young University Provo USA Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food Science Brigham Young University Provo USA Division of h.alth.Promotion and Beh.vioral Sciences School of Public Health The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston El Paso USA

Emergence of tablet computers h.s led to interest in th.ir use to impact h.alth.related beh.viors of users. h.wever, little is known regarding wh.ch.devices are most effective for ch.nging th.se beh.viors, and wh.th.r or not th.se devices or accompanying applications (apps) are feasible or desired veh.cles for beh.vior ch.nge. Four focus groups were conducted with.students from a western university wh. were given iPads to download diet-related apps. Participants were asked questions about preferences regarding iPad functionality, app functionality, and th. likelih.od of using apps and iPads for facilitating diet-related beh.vior ch.nge in th. future. Two key th.mes emerged from focus group discussions on diet-related apps for iPads and th.ir usefulness to facilitate beh.vior ch.nge. Th. first th.me, lack of iPad practicality, contained th.ee subth.mes: inconvenient mid-way tech.ology, internet access barriers, and smart-ph.ne preference. Th. second th.me th.t emerged was attitudes towards apps in general. Th.ee subth.mes were identified under th. second th.me: too intensive;positive functions not specific to iPads;and lack of reliable/trustworth. information. Th.s paper is th. first, to th.s auth.r’s knowledge, to report th. use of qualitative meth.ds to study th. practicality of using apps and iPads in ch.nging dietrelated beh.viors. Early generations of iPads may not be effective devices for facilitating beh.vior ch.nge among college students;and diet-related apps seem to h.ve poor functionality th.t lead to cessation of use.

关键词： iPads Diet-Related Beh.vior Ch.nge Qualitative Meth.ds Tech.ology and h.alth Beh.vior Ch.nge

Perceptions of Body Mass Index as a Valid Indicator of Weigh. Status among Adults in th. United States

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h.alth 2019年第5期11卷 578-591页

作者： Brenden E. Garrett joshua h. west Benjamin T. Crookston P. Cougar h.ll Department of Public h.alth Brigham Young University Provo USA

Background: Being overweigh. or obese increases risk for h.art disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, joint disease, and certain cancers. Th. Body Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used to determine weigh. status. As rates of overweigh. and obesity h.ve risen sh.rply in th. United States over th. past 30 years, perceptions of a “normal” or h.alth. weigh. are subject to ch.nge. Th. purpose of th.s study was to analyze perceptions of BMI as an indicator of weigh. status. Meth.ds: An online survey was administered to 376 US adults. Th. survey collected demograph.c information including h.igh., weigh., and perceived weigh. status (underweigh., h.alth. weigh., overweigh. and obese). Th. survey software calculated and presented participants with.th.ir personal BMI values. Participants th.n answered questions about th.ir perception of th. BMI as a valid indicator of weigh. status. Results: More participants reported a h.alth. weigh. status (51.6%) th.n were classified as such.according to th.ir computed BMI (43.6%). Th. majority of th. sample (85.1%) considered BMI to be a valid indicator of weigh. status, alth.ugh.perceptions of validity varied by weigh. status. Participants th.t perceived BMI to be invalid most commonly cited incongruence with.one’s perception of th.ir own body weigh., no accounting for unique body sh.pes, and no accounting for additional muscle mass. Conclusion: BMI is generally perceived to be a valid indicator of weigh. status. Th.se perceptions of validity can vary depending on th. individuals’ actual weigh. status. In instances wh.re perceptions are not favorable toward BMI, it is largely attributable to opinions of incongruence with.BMI and body sh.pe, type, or composition. Continued use of BMI as a preliminary tool for determining weigh. status appears to be accepted. Efforts to increase BMI-related awareness and education may be necessary for individuals th.t currently see it as invalid.

关键词： Body-Mass Index (BMI) Overweigh. Obesity Weigh. Status

Sh.re Videos, Not Pills: A Content Analysis of Prescription Drug Videos on YouTube for Presence of Beh.vior Ch.nge Th.ory

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h.alth 2014年第11期6卷 1255-1262页

作者： joshua h. west Cameron Lister Jayne A. Perry Jessica Lyn Ch.rch.David L. Vance Department of h.alth.Science Brigham Young University Provo USA

Objective: To identify th. extent to wh.ch.*** videos targeting prescription drug abuse include h.alth.beh.vior th.ory in th.ir content and design. Meth.ds: Th.s study used a content analysis of 209 *** videos. Coders used an establish.d th.ory-based instrument to rate each.video’s inclusion of th.oretical constructs from four prominent h.alth.beh.vior th.ories. Each.*** video was coded for twenty-two th.oretical items, wh.ch.were summed to create a total th.ory score. Results: Th. mean th.ory score of videos was 3.26 out of a possible 22. Among th. top 10% of videos with.h.gh.st th.ory scores, social cognitive th.ory constructs were coded most often and transth.oretical constructs were coded least often. Conclusion: It is not unexpected th.t *** videos are largely void of th.oretical content since th.se videos are made by a variety of organizations and sources th.t may not be trained in th. application of h.alth.beh.vior th.ories. Th.re is an opportunity for th. organizations th.t create th.se videos to collaborate with.h.alth.and beh.vior ch.nge experts in creating videos with.more th.oretical constructs, possibly resulting in better h.alth.outcomes.

关键词： Beh.vioral Th.ories h.alth Promotion YouTube Prescription Drug Abuse

Influence of indoor airflow on airborne disease transmission in a classroom

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 355-370页

作者： Mojtaba Zabih. Ri Li joshua Brinkerh.ff Sch.ol of Engineering Faculty of Applied ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada

It h.s been widely accepted th.t th. most effective way to mitigate airborne disease transmission in an indoor space is to increase th. ventilation airflow,measured in air ch.nge per h.ur(ACh..h.wever,increasing ACh.did not effectively prevent th. spread of *** better understand th. role of ACh.and airflow large-scale patterns,a compreh.nsive fully transient computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation of two-ph.se flows based on a discrete ph.se model(DPM)was performed in a university classroom setting with.people *** investigations encompass various particle sizes,ventilation layouts,and flow *** findings demonstrated th.t th. particle size th.esh.ld at wh.ch.particles are deemed airborne is h.gh.y influenced by th. background flow strength.and large-scale flow pattern,ranging from 5µm to 10µm in th. cases *** effects of occupants are significant and must be precisely accounted for in respiratory particle transport *** enh.nced ventilation design(UFAD-CDR)for university classrooms is introduced th.t places a premium on mitigating airborne disease *** to th. baseline design at th. same ACh.th.s design successfully reduced th. maximum number density of respiratory particles by up to 85%.A novel airflow-related parameter,h.rizontality,is introduced to quantify and connect th. large-scale airflow pattern with.indoor aerosol *** underscores th.t ACh.alone cannot ensure or regulate air *** addition to th. necessary ACh.for air exch.nge,minimizing h.rizontal bulk motion is essential for reducing aerosol transmissibility with.n th. room.

关键词： aerosol transmission airflow pattern h.rizontality COVID-19 simulation classroom ventilation

Bile acid metabolism and signaling in h.alth.and disease:molecular mech.nisms and th.rapeutic targets

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Th.rapy 2024年第5期9卷 2014-2064页

作者： joshua S.Fleish.an Sunil Kumar Department of Ph.rmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt.John’s UniversityQueensNYUSA

Bile acids,once considered mere dietary surfactants,now emerge as critical modulators of macronutrient(lipid,carboh.drate,protein)metabolism and th. systemic pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory *** acid metabolism and signaling path.ays play a crucial role in protecting against,or if aberrant,inducing cardiometabolic,inflammatory,and neoplastic conditions,strongly influencing h.alth.and *** curative treatment exists for any bile acid influenced disease,wh.le th. most promising and well-developed bile acid th.rapeutic was recently rejected by th. ***,we provide a bottom-up approach.on bile acids,mech.nistically explaining th.ir bioch.mistry,ph.siology,and ph.rmacology at canonical and non-canonical *** th.s mech.nistic model of bile acids,we explain h.w abnormal bile acid ph.siology drives disease path.genesis,emph.sizing h.w ceramide synth.sis may serve as a unifying path.genic feature for cardiometabolic *** provide an in-depth.summary on pre-existing bile acid receptor modulators,explain th.ir sh.rtcomings,and propose solutions for h.w th.y may be ***,we rationalize novel targets for furth.r translational drug discovery and provide future *** th.n dismissing bile acid th.rapeutics due to recent setbacks,we believe th.t th.re is immense clinical potential and a h.gh.likelih.od for th. future success of bile acid th.rapeutics.

关键词： metabolism rejected sh.rtcomings

Ph.enic nerve block: th. key to managing acute biliary pain?

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 62-63页

作者： Mich.el Sh.laby joshua Luftig Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International UniversityMiami 33199USA Advanced Emergency Ultrasound Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami Beach 33140USA Department of Emergency Medicine Highland HospitalAlameda Health SystemOakland 94602USA

Over th. past two decades,th. USA h.s witnessed a steep rise in th. incidence of acute ch.lecystitis(AC),[1]even among ch.ldren,[2]with.over 200,000 cases annually.[3]Patients with.AC often present to th. emergency department(ED)experiencing severe distress,with.most describing th.ir pain level as“intolerable.”[4]Furth.rmore,th.re is usually a considerable delay before surgery,with.a median time from diagnosis of AC to surgery of 28.5 h.[5]and a substantial percentage of patients wait as long as 10 d.[6]Prolonged delays before surgery lead to increased opioid use,wh.ch.is associated with.extended h.spital stays and h.gh.r rates of readmission after ch.lecystectomy.[7]Furth.rmore,opioids can lead to vomiting,respiratory depression,delirium,and ultimately addiction.[8]We propose a novel regional anesth.sia tech.ique for managing AC:righ. ph.enic nerve *** meth.d could offer improved pain control and a more favorable risk profile in selected patients wh.n compared to current ED practices.

关键词： pain anesth.sia diagnosis

Resilience conferred by APOE-R136S:a defense bestowed by nature to combat Alzh.imer’s disease

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Th.rapy 2024年第3期9卷 831-832页

作者： Bin Xiao joshua Kuruvilla Eng-King Tan Department of Neurology National Neuroscience InstituteSingaporeSingapore Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore Neuroscience and Beh.vioural Disorders Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore

In two recent articles publish.d in Nature Neuroscience and Cell,Nelson et al.1 and Ch.n et al.2 h.ve sh.wn th.t a rare APOE3 Ch.istch.rch.APOE3Ch.variant,R136S,h.s protective effects on neurodegeneration in various Alzh.imer’s disease(AD)model systems th.ough.attenuating tau path.logy and regulating its related neuroimmune *** et *** Ch.n et *** provided evidence th.t identifying th. path.ph.siologic clues and potential molecular targets from a protective variant such.as APOE R136S,can be an attractive viable approach.to develop AD th.rapeutics.

关键词： protective al. Alzh.imer

Biocompatible Biph.sic Iontronics Enable Neuron-Like Ionic Signal Transmission

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Research 2024年第3期2024卷 795-796页

作者： Xiaoyi Wang Aleksandar P.Ivanov joshua B.Edel Department of Ch.mistry Imperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondon W12 OBZUK

Biocompatible connections between external artificial devices and living organisms sh.w promise for future neuroprosth.tics and *** study in Science by Zh.o and colleagues introduces a cascade-h.terogated biph.sic gel(h.G)iontronic device,wh.ch.facilitates electronic-to-multi-ionic signal transduction for abiotic–biotic *** by neuron signaling,th. h.G device demonstrated its biocompatibility by regulating neural activity in biological tissue,paving th. way for wearable and implantable devices,including brain–computer interfaces.

关键词： asi Signal Neuron

Obstructive sleep apnea:Overlooked comorbidity in patients with.diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1448-1460页

作者： Eric D Tenda joshua h.nrina Jin h.Ch. Muh.mmad R Triono Ersananda A Putri Dah.iana J Aristy Dicky L Tah.pary Division of Respirology and Critical Care Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia h.ad of Research.Group Artificial Intelligence and Digital h.alth Indonesian Medical Education and Research InstituteFaculty of Medicine University of IndonesiaDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia

In th.s review article,we explore th. interplay between obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),h.gh.igh.ing a significant yet often overlooked *** delve into th. path.ph.siological links between OSA and diabetes,specifically h.w OSA exacerbates insulin resistance and disrupts glucose *** research.examines th. prevalence of OSA in diabetic patients and its role in worsening diabetes-related *** th. importance of compreh.nsive management,including weigh. control and positive airway pressure th.rapy,th. study advocates integrated approach.s to improve outcomes for patients with.T2DM and *** review underscores th. necessity of recognizing and addressing OSA in diabetes care to ensure more effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

关键词： Obstructive sleep apnea Type 2 diabetes mellitus Macrovascular Microvascular Weigh. loss Positive airway pressure