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Biceps Brachii Muscle Length Affects Force Steadiness with and Without Fatigue

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第4期3卷 364-373页

作者： joshua c.carr Xin Ye Hayden M.Tharp Department of Kinesiology Texas Christian UniversityForth WorthTX 76129USA Department of Rehabilitation Sciences University of HartfordWest HartfordCTUSA Department of Health and Exercise Science University of OklahomaNormanOKUSA

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of muscle length and fatigue on maximal force,submaximal force steadiness,and electromyographic(EMG)activity of the biceps *** Force and EMG responses were measured before and after a fatigue protocol consisting of maximal intermit-tent contractions of the elbow flexors until task failure(n=20).The protocol was performed on two separate occasions in a randomized *** one visit,the elbow joint was at 90°(EF90)and for the other,it was extended to 120°(EF120).Results The results show a large effect size for greater force loss following fatigue at long muscle length(P=0.067,n^(2)_(p)=0.166).The fatigue-based decreases in force steadiness were not different between muscle lengths(P=0.502,n^(2)_(p)=0.024).Force steadiness was lower at long muscle length before and after fatigue(Pcle excitation decreased and increased during maximal and submaximal force tasks,respectively,yet there were no length-dependent EMG *** The novel findings show fatigue at long muscle length likely affects force loss to a greater degree than fatigue-based decreases in force *** data show lower elbow flexion force steadiness when the biceps brachii is in a lengthened position.

关键词： Neuromuscular fatigue EMG Elbow flexors Force control

Symmetry-aware recursive image similarity exploration for materials microscopy

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npj computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1508-1521页

作者： Tri N.M.Nguyen Yichen Guo Shuyu Qin Kylie S.Frew Ruijuan Xu joshua c.Agar Department of Materials Science and Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA Department of computer Science and Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

In pursuit of scientific discovery,vast collections of unstructured structural and functional images are acquired;however,only an infinitesimally small fraction of this data is rigorously analyzed,with an even smaller fraction ever being *** method to accelerate scientific discovery is to extract more insight from costly scientific experiments already ***,data from scientific experiments tend only to be accessible by the originator who knows the experiments and ***,there are no robust methods to search unstructured databases of images to deduce correlations and ***,we develop a machine learning approach to create image similarity projections to search unstructured image *** improve these projections,we develop and train a model to include symmetry-aware *** an exemplar,we use a set of 25,133 piezoresponse force microscopy images collected on diverse materials systems over five *** demonstrate how this tool can be used for interactive recursive image searching and exploration,highlighting structural similarities at various length *** tool justifies continued investment in federated scientific databases with standardized metadata schemas where the combination of filtering and recursive interactive searching can uncover synthesis-structure-property *** provide a customizable open-source package(https://***/m3-learning/Recursive_Symmetry_Aware_Materials_Microstructure_Explorer)of this interactive tool for researchers to use with their data.

关键词： interactive image similarity

Initial assessment of imports of chlorinated paraffins into Nigeria and the need of improvement of the Stockholm and Rotterdam conventions

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Emerging contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 360-370页

作者： joshua O.Babayemi Innocent c.Nnorom Roland Weber Environmental Management and Toxicology Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Medical Sciences OndoNigeria Anchor University centre for Global Health Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial chemistry Abia State University UturuNigeria POPs Environmental consulting 73527Schw€abisch GmündGermany

Short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins(SccPs/MccPs)are of concern due to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and *** were listed in 2017 as persistent organic pollutants(POPs)in the Stockholm convention and Rotterdam convention for Prior Informed consent(PIc)*** are evaluated in the POPs Reviewing committee for *** in Africa demonstrate high SccP/MccP levels in house dust and human ***,this study undertook an initial assessment of the production and import situation in *** Nigerian government has not assessed SccPs yet and has no registered exemptions for SccPs and therefore should not produce or use ***,Nigeria has not notified Rotterdam convention of PIc procedure and,therefore,no SccP should be imported into *** no local production of SccPs/MccPs was observed in Nigeria,this study therefore compiled data on importation of SccPs/MccPs and products which may likely contain these chemicals from the UN comtrade Database for the period 1996 to *** the listing of SccPs in the Rotterdam convention,there is still no specific Harmonized System(HS)codes for SccPs/*** study therefore used HS codes of product categories known to contain SccPs/*** substance categories under which SccP/MccPs are usually imported include plasticisers and other product categories that amounted to 229,779 and 518,342 tonnes respectively but without specific information on the type of *** 39%of PVc and rubber imports of 2,683,015 tonnes and 3,516,052 tonnes respectively contain *** on the SccP and MccP impact factors from literature for china,the highest amount of SccP(33,712 tonnes)was imported in the different PVc products while rubber products accounted to 1386 tonnes and PUR foam to 2331 *** amount of imported MccPs in PVc products(25,599 tonnes)and rubber products(32,317 tonnes)was in the same order of magnitude while MccP imported in PUR foam was estimated

关键词： SccPs/MccPs Plasticisers Importation PVc HS code Inventory Nigeria

concurrent removal of intravitreal lens fragments after phacoemulsification with pars plana vitrectomy prevents development of retinal detachment

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第1期8卷 89-93页

作者： Kakarla V chalam Ravi K Murthy joshua c Priluck Vijay Khetpal Shailesh K Gupta Department of Ophthalmology University of Florida-College of Medicine

AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of "concurrent vitrectomy" to retrieve dislocated lens fragment during ***: In a retrospective, observational case series, data of patients who underwent "concurrent" pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) for dislocated lens fragments between the period 2000 and 2008 were reviewed. Data collected included patient demographics, pre-operative visual acuity, intra-operative occurrence of retinal breaks, duration of follow up, post-operative intraocular pressure, final best-corrected visual acuity(BcVA),presence of cystoid macular edema(cME) and occurrence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).· RESULTS: A total of 58 eyes of 58 patients were included in the study. At 12 mo the mean postoperative BcVA was log MAR 0.17(20/30) with a range of log MAR0 to 0.69(20/20 to 20/100), with 96.6%(56/58) of patients showing post- operative improvement in visual acuity(P =0.005). None of the patients developed postoperative retinal detachment, endophthalmitis or non-resolving uveitis at 12 ***: Our study results suggest concurrent PPV for retained lens fragments after cataract surgery is beneficial and may decrease the risk of glaucoma and prevent development of RRD.

关键词： phacoemulsification dislocated lens fragments vitrectomy glaucoma cystoid macular edema retinal detachment

Tuning the melting point and phase stability of rare-earth oxides to facilitate their crystal growth from the meltv

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Journal of Advanced ceramics 2022年第9期11卷 1479-1490页

作者： Matheus PIANASSOLA Kaden L.ANDERSON joshua SAFIN can AGcA Jake W.McMURRAY Bryan c.cHAKOUMAKOS Jöerg c.NEUEFEIND charles L.MELcHER Mariya ZHURAVLEVA Scintillation Materials Research center The University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge 37831USA Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge 37831USA Department of Nuclear Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA

The challenge of growing rare-earth(RE)sesquioxide crystals can be overcome by tailoring their structural stability and melting point via composition *** work contributes to the advancement of the field of crystal growth of high-entropy oxides.A compound with only small REs(Lu,Y,Ho,Yb,Er)_(2)O_(3)maintains a cubic c-type structure upon cooling from the melt,as observed via in-situ high-temperature neutron diffraction on aerodynamically levitated *** the other hand,a compound with a mixture of small and large REs(Lu,Y,Ho,Nd,La)_(2)O_(3)crystallizes as a mixture of a primary c-type phase with an unstable secondary *** of compositions(Lu,Y,Ho,Nd,La)_(2)O_(3)and(Lu,Y,Gd,Nd,La)_(2)O_(3)were grown by the micro-pulling-down(mPD)method with a single monoclinic B-type phase,while a powder of(Lu,Y,Ho,Yb,Er)_(2)O_(3)did not melt at the maximum operating temperature of an iridium-rhenium *** minimization of the melting point of the two grown crystals is attributed to the mismatch in cation *** electron probe microanalysis reveals that the general element segregation behavior in the crystals depends on the composition.

关键词： high-entropy oxides crystallography neutron diffraction crystal growth

Residual feed intake in beef cattle and its association with carcass traits, ruminal solid-fraction bacteria, and epithelium gene expression

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 878-890页

作者： Ahmed A.Elolimy Mohamed K.Abdelmegeid joshua c.Mccann Daniel W.Shike Juan J.Loor Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of Illinois Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University Division of Nutritional Sciences Illinois Informatics Institute University of Illinois

Background: Residual feed intake(RFI) describes an animal’s feed efficiency independent of growth *** objective of this study was to determine differences in growth performance, carcass traits, major bacteria attached to ruminal solids-fraction, and ruminal epithelium gene expression between the most-efficient and the least-efficient beef cattle. One-hundred and forty-nine Red Angus cattle were allocated to three contemporary groups according to sex and herd origin. Animals were fed a finishing diet in confinement for 70 d to determine the RFI category for each. Within each group, the two most-efficient(n = 6; RFI coefficient =-2.69 ± 0.58 kg dry matter intake(DMI)/d) and the two least-efficient animals(n = 6; RFI coefficient = 3.08 ± 0.55 kg DMI/d) were selected. Immediately after slaughter, ruminal solids-fraction and ruminal epithelium were collected for bacteria relative abundance and epithelial gene expression analyses, respectively, using real-time ***: The most-efficient animals consumed less feed(P = 0.01; 5.03 kg less DMI/d) compared with the leastefficient animals. No differences(P > 0.10) in initial body weight(BW), final BW, and average daily gain(ADG) were observed between the two RFI classes. There were no significant RFI × sex effects(P > 0.10) on growth *** with the least-efficient group, hot carcass weight(HcW), ribeye area(REA), and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat(KPH) were greater(P ≤ 0.05) in the most-efficient cattle. No RFI × sex effect(P > 0.10) for carcass traits was detected between RFI groups. Of the 10 bacterial species evaluated, the most-efficient compared with least efficient cattle had greater(P ≤ 0.05) relative abundance of Eubacterium ruminantium, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and Megasphaera elsdenii, and lower(P ≤ 0.05) Succinimonas amylolytica and total bacterial density. No RFI × sex effect on ruminal bacteria was detected between RFI groups. Of the 34 genes evaluated in ruminal epithelium, the most

关键词： Beef cattle carcass Gene expression Growth RFI Ruminal bacteria Ruminal epithelium Sex

INFLUENcE OF LATEX POLYMER ADDITION ON THE BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS cONTAINING cSA cEMENT cURED AT LOW HUMIDITY

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Journal of Green Building 2013年第4期8卷 94-109页

作者： joshua V.Brien Kevin R.Henke Kamyar c.Mahboub University of Kentucky.120 E Main Street Apt 1408 LexingtonKY40507USA University of Kentucky center for Applied Energy Research civil Engineering at University of Kentucky

The present study assesses the hydration behavior of polymer modified and non-polymer containing calcium sulfoaluminate(cSA)cement pastes containing minor phase tri-calcium aluminate(c3A)when cured at ambient laboratory temperature with 50%relative *** particular cSA cement is unique as it offers two potential paths for ettringite *** the presence of sufficient calcium sulfate,these two potential paths stem from either hydration of yeelimite or hydration of tri-calcium *** study assesses the microstructural behavior of cement pastes utilizing powdered x-ray diffraction(XRD)and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA/SDT).Additionally,the study utilizes direct tensile strength testing according to ASTM c307,Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of chemical Resistant Mortar,Grouts and Monolithic Surfacings to quantify relationships between microstructural characteristics and mechanical property performance for representative *** present study is significant as it illustrates differences in microstructural behavior for cSA cement materials with and without polymer cured at constant 50%relative *** present study suggests ettringite decomposition occurs within non-polymer containing cSA cement paste samples cured at constant low *** present study presents polymer modification as an effective means for mitigating ettringite decomposition and subsequent strength loss in materials containing cSA cement cured at constant 50%relative humidity and 23℃.

关键词： calcium sulfoaluminate cement latex polymer cSA cement strength loss ettringite decomposition

OBSERVATIONS OF PEAK STRENGTH BEHAVIOR IN cSA cEMENT MORTARS

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Journal of Green Building 2013年第3期8卷 97-115页

作者： joshua V.Brien Kevin R.Henke Kamyar c.Mahboub University of Kentucky College of Engineering351 Ralph G.Anderson BuildingLexingtonKY 40506-0503 不详

The purpose of this study was to assess the mechanical property performance behavior of calcium sulfoaluminate(cSA)cement mortar when cured at ambient laboratory temperature of~23℃(73°F)and constant 50%relative humidity for an extended period of *** cSA cement mortars were *** cSA cement mortars contained equivalent mass amounts of calcium sulfate;whereas,the fourth mortar contained double the amount of calcium *** three cSA cement mortars containing constant mass amounts of calcium sulfate differed as the specific type of calcium sulfate varied across the three formulations-one mortar containing solely anhydrite,one mortar contained half anhydrite and half gypsum while the other mortar solely contained *** fourth mortar contained double the amount of calcium sulfate when compared with the others while having a 1/1 blend of anhydrite and *** mortars were either tested for direct tensile strength according to ASTM c307 or for compressive strength according to ASTM *** tested mortars displayed statistically significant strength loss trends versus time when cured at constant 50%relative *** paste samples were analyzed with TGA/SDT and XRD in an effort to identify microstructure changes corresponding to observed strength *** paste analysis suggests strength loss within the tested cSA cement mortars occurred as a result of ettringite decomposition.

关键词： cSA cement cSA cement hydration cSA cement strength loss ettringite decomposition

Rumen-protected methionine during the peripartal period in dairy cows and its effects on abundance of major species of ruminal bacteria

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 460-466页

作者： Mohamed K.Abdelmegeid Ahmed A.Elolimy Zheng Zhou Vincenzo Lopreiato joshua c.Mc cann Juan J.Loor Department of Animal Sciences Mammalian Nutri Physio GenomicsUniversity of Illinois Department of Animal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Clemson University Department of Health Science Interdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health Magna Gr?cia University of Catanzaro Division of Nutritional Sciences Illinois Informatics Institute University of Illinois

Background: Extensive degradation of amino acids in the rumen via microbial deamination decreases the postruminal availability of dietary indispensable amino acids. Together with the normal decrease in voluntary dry matter intake(DMI) around parturition in dairy cows, microbial metabolism contributes to a markedly negative balance of indispensable amino acids, including methionine which may be the first-limiting for milk production. The main objective of the current study was to profile changes in major bacterial species with key functions in cel ulose and hemicel ulose digestion, xylan breakdown, proteolytic action, propionic acid production, lactate utilization and ruminal biohydrogenation in cows supplemented with rumen-protected Methionine(SM; Smartamine M, Adisseo NA, Alpharetta,GA, USA) from-23 through 30 d relative to parturition. Because ~90% of the methionine in SM bypasses the rumen,~10% of the methionine is released into the rumen and can be utilized by ***: As expected, there was an increase in overall DMI after parturition(Day, P ch cows consumed on average 19.6 kg/d versus 13.9 kg/d in the prepartum period. The postpartum diet contained greater concentrations of lipid and highly-fermentable carbohydrate from corn grain, which likely explains the increases in the relative abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Megasphaera elsdenii, Prevotella bryantii, Selenomonas ruminantium,Streptococcus bovis, and Succinimonas amylolytica. Despite similar DMI prepartum, cows fed SM had greater(Treatment × Day, P ce prepartum of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Succinimonas amylolytica, and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens. However, the greater DMI in cows fed SM after parturition(19.6 kg/d versus 13.9 kg/d) was associated with lower abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes(2.13 × 10-3 versus 2.25 × 10-4) and Selenomonas ruminantium(2.98 × 10-1 versus 4.10 × 10-1). A lower abundance(Day, P cted on d 20 compared with d-10

关键词： Microbiome Rumen microbes Transition cow