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Characteristics and source of black carbon aerosol over Taklimakan Desert

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science China Chemistry 2010年第5期53卷 1201-1208页

作者： FU s.joshua Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of Tennessee

Black carbon(BC) and PM10 in the center of the Taklimakan Desert were online monitored in the whole year of *** addi-tion,TsP samples were also synchronously daily collected by medium-volume samplers with Whatman41 filters in the spring of *** in the dust aerosol was up to 1.14%of the total mass of PM10.A remarkable seasonal variation of BC in the aerosol was observed in the order of winter>spring>autumn>*** peak value of BC appeared at midnight while the lowest one in the evening each day,which was just the reverse of that in the urban *** contribution of BC to the total mass of PM10 on non-dust storm days was～11 times of that in dust *** back trajectory and principal component analysis,it was found that BC in the dust aerosol over Taklimakan Desert might be attributed to the emission from the anthropogenic activities,including domestic heating,cooking,combustion of oil and natural gas,and the medium-range transport from those oases located in the margins of the *** total BC aerosol from the Taklimakan Desert to be transported to the eastward downstream was estimated to be 6.3×104 ton yr-1.

关键词： black carbon aerosol the Taklimakan desert long-range transport

Bile acid metabolism and signaling in health and disease:molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

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signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2014-2064页

作者： joshua s.Fleishman sunil Kumar Department of Pharmaceutical sciences College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt.John’s UniversityQueensNYUSA

Bile acids,once considered mere dietary surfactants,now emerge as critical modulators of macronutrient(lipid,carbohydrate,protein)metabolism and the systemic pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory *** acid metabolism and signaling pathways play a crucial role in protecting against,or if aberrant,inducing cardiometabolic,inflammatory,and neoplastic conditions,strongly influencing health and *** curative treatment exists for any bile acid influenced disease,while the most promising and well-developed bile acid therapeutic was recently rejected by the ***,we provide a bottom-up approach on bile acids,mechanistically explaining their biochemistry,physiology,and pharmacology at canonical and non-canonical *** this mechanistic model of bile acids,we explain how abnormal bile acid physiology drives disease pathogenesis,emphasizing how ceramide synthesis may serve as a unifying pathogenic feature for cardiometabolic *** provide an in-depth summary on pre-existing bile acid receptor modulators,explain their shortcomings,and propose solutions for how they may be ***,we rationalize novel targets for further translational drug discovery and provide future *** than dismissing bile acid therapeutics due to recent setbacks,we believe that there is immense clinical potential and a high likelihood for the future success of bile acid therapeutics.

关键词： metabolism rejected shortcomings

Exotic parrots breeding in urban tree cavities: nesting requirements, geographic distribution, and potential impacts on cavity nesting birds in southeast Florida

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Avian Research 2019年第4期10卷 459-468页

作者： joshua M.Diamond Michael s.Ross Florida International University Earth & Environment

Background:Exotic parrots have established breeding populations in southeast Florida,including several species that nest in tree *** aimed to determine the species identity,nest site requirements,relative nest abundance,geographic distribution,and interactions of parrots with native cavity-nesting bird ***:We searched Miami-Dade County,Florida,and nearby areas for natural cavities and holes excavated by woodpeckers,recording attributes of potential nest *** inspected all cavities with an elevated video inspection system to determine occupancy by parrots or other *** mapped nearly 4000 citizen science observations of parrots in our study area corresponding to our study period,and used these to construct range maps,comparing them to our nesting ***:Not all parrots reported or observed in our study area were actively *** parrots were observed at tree cavities,which previous studies have suggested is evidence of reproduction,but our inspections with an elevated video inspection system suggest they never initiated nesting *** parrot species did successfully nest in tree cavities,Red-masked Parakeets(Psittacara erythrogenys)and Orange-winged Parrots(Amazona amazonica)being the most common(n=7 and 6 nests,respectively).These two parrots had similar nesting requirements,but Orange-winged Parrots use nests with larger entrance holes,which they often *** analysis of nests combined with citizen science data indicate that parrots are limited to developed *** most common parrots were less abundant cavity nesters than the native birds which persist in Miami’s urban areas,and far less abundant than the invasive European starling(sturnus vulgaris).Conclusions:Exotic parrots breeding elsewhere in the world have harmed native cavity-nesting birds through interference competition,but competitive interference in southeast Florida is minimized by the urban affinities of parrots in this ***

关键词： Amazona Cavity nest webs Invasive species Parakeets Psittacara Urban ecology

Current medical management of endocrine-related male infertility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 357-363,I0007页

作者： joshua D Ring Aye A Lwin Tobias s Kohler Division of Urology Department of Surgery Southern Illinois University Springfield IL 62794 USA.

Male factor contributes to 50%-60% of overall infertility but is solely responsible in only 20% of couples. Although most male factor infertility is ascertained from an abnormal semen analysis, other male factors can be contributory especially if the sample returns normal. Male infertility can be due to identifiable hormonal or anatomical etiologies that may be reversible or irreversible. This manuscript will highlight existing guidelines and our recommendations for hormone evaluation for male infertility and empiric therapies including multivitamins, estrogen receptor modulators （clomiphene）, estrogen conversion blockers （anastrozole）, and hormone replacement.

关键词： anastrazole clomid human chorionic gonadotropin male infertility sex hormone-binding globulin

Geographic patterns of plant-herbivore interactions are driven by soil fertility

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第4期12卷 653-661页

作者： joshua s.Lynn Jason D.Fridley Department of Biology Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Department of Biology University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

Aims Geographic patterns of the intensity of plant herbivory in relation to climate factors have garnered little general support and appear to be species ***,plant-herbivore interactions are also driven by resource availability,such as soil nutrient content,and it remains unclear whether broad-scale variation in soil factors is reflected in herbivore consumption rates across species’***,we know little of how intraspecific variation in tissue quality associates with edaphic and climatic factors,and how this variation controls herbivore *** resource availability hypothesis(RAH)predicts that plant individuals growing in low-resource environments will have lower leaf nutritional quality and more constitutive defenses,which will result in lower rates of leaf *** We collected leaves from the old-field dominant species,solidago altissima L.,from 20 sites across 10 degrees of latitude in the Eastern UsA to determine the percentage leaf area consumed by insect *** obtained soil and climate data for each site,as well as plant functional and defensive traits,including specific leaf area(sLA),leaf carbon:nitrogen(C:N),and trichome *** Findings Although we found no significant latitudinal trend of leaf consump-tion rate,there was strong evidence that leaf herbivory decreased with leaf C:N and trichome density,which themselves decreased with soil N,supporting our hypothesis that the RAH applies for intraspecific variation across spatial ***,high precipitation seasonality and soil nitrogen predicted decreased *** results suggest that spatial variation in herbivory can be driven by factors other than herbivore communities and climatic gradients,and that bottom-up processes,where plant traits and soil fertility control leaf consumption,must be incorporated into spatial predictions of herbivory.

关键词： biogeography bottom-up controls old fields plant-insect interactions plant functional and defense traits

Estimating underground mine ventilation friction factors from low density 3D data acquired by a moving LiDAR

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International Journal of Mining science and Technology 2018年第4期28卷 650-655页

作者： Curtis Watson joshua Marshall Mining systems Laboratory The Robert M.Buchan Department of Mining Queen's University

Ventilation system analysis for underground mines has remained mostly unchanged since the Atkinson method was made popular by Mc Elroy in 1935. Data available to ventilation technicians and engineers is typically limited to the quantity of air moving through any given heading. Because computer-aided modelling, simulation, and ventilation system design tools have improved, it is now important to ensure that developed models have the most accurate information possible. This paper presents a new technique for estimating underground drift friction factors that works by processing 3 D point cloud data obtained by using a mobile Li DAR. Presented are field results that compare the proposed approach with previously published algorithms, as well as with manually acquired measurements.

关键词： Mine ventilation Mine design Mobile mapping Roughness estimation Friction factors LiDAR3D point clouds

Molecular approaches to study the insect gut symbiotic microbiota at the ＇omics＇ age

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Insect science 2010年第3期17卷 199-219页

作者： Weibing shi Ryan syrenne Jian-Zhong sun joshua s. Yuan Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Texas A&M University TexasUSA Biofuels Institute School of the Environment Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China Advanced Research Institute for sustainable Energy (ARIsE) Texas A&M University Texas USA

Insect gut symbiotic microbiota play essential roles in the growth, development, pathogenesis and environmental adaptation of host insects. The molecular and systems level analysis of insect gut symbiotic microbial community will allow us to discover novel biocatalysts for biomass deconstruction and to develop innovative strategies for pest management. We hereby review the various molecular biology techniques as applied to insect gut symbiont analysis. This review aims to serve as an informative resource for experimental design and research strategy development in the field. We first discuss various strategies for sample preparation and their pros and cons. The traditional molecular techniques like DGGE, RFLP and FIsH are covered with respect to how they are applied to study the composition, diversity and dynamics of insect gut symbiotic microbiota. We then focus on the various ＇ omics＇ techniques. The metagenome analysis together with the recent advancements in next-generation sequencing will provide enormous sequencing information, allowing in-depth microbial diversity analysis and modeling of pathways for biological processes such as biomass degradation. The metagenome sequencing will also enable the study of system dynamics and gene expression with metatranscriptome and metaproteome methods. The integration of different ＇omics＇ level data will allow us to understand how insect gut works as a system to carry out its functions. The molecular and systems-level understanding will also guide the reverse design of next-generation biorefinery.

关键词： DGGE insect gut metagenomics metaproteomics symbiotic microbiota systems biology

Utilization of Bubbles and Oil for Microplastic Capture from Water

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Engineering 2024年第10期41卷 71-83页

作者： joshua saczek Xiaoxue Yao Vladimir Zivkovic Mohamed Mamlouk steven Wang stevin s.Pramana school of Engineering Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE17RUUK Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

The removal of microplastics(MPs)from water using oil has shown early promise;however,incorporation of this technique into a feasible in situ method has yet to be ***,a simple yet effective method of MP capture from water using vegetable oil with bubbles is demonstrated to achieve high removal efficiencies of>98%.Comparisons are made with other methods of agitation,and higher removal efficiencies are observed when bubbles are *** to the low agitation provided by the bubbles,the oil layer remains unbroken,meaning that no oil is released into the bulk water *** this way,secondary contamination is avoided—unlike membrane filtration,another effective removal method,in which polymer-based membranes can break down due to chemical backwashing and *** is demonstrated that variation in MP size within the micrometer range(50–170 lm)has minor impact on the removal efficiency;however,100%removal is achieved for larger,millimeter-sized MPs(500–5000 lm).similarly,a high removal efficiency of greater than 99%is achieved in the capture of *** factors such as oil volume and water salinity are also investigated and *** on these results,the proposed method can be introduced into multiple setting types as a passive and continuous method of MP capture.

关键词： Microplastic Floatation Density separation Wetting

structure and dendroecology of Thuja occidentalis in disjunct stands south of its contiguous range in the central Appalachian Mountains, UsA

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第1期4卷 55-65页

作者： joshua A. Kincaid shenandoah University 1460 University Drive Winchester VA 22601 USA

Background： Information on forest structure, growth, and disturbance history is essential for effective forest management in a dynamic landscape. Because most of our research concerning the ecology and growth of Thujo ocddenralis comes from sites in northern portions of its range, highly contextual biotic and abiotic factors that affect the species in more southern locales may not be fully accounted for. This research characterized the structural attributes and growth dynamics of Thuja occidentolis in disjunct forest stands south of its contiguous range margin. Methods： The Thujo occidentalis forests examined in this research were located in the central Appalachian Mountains, UsA, approximately 440 km south of the contiguous range margin of the species. Forest structural attributes were characterized in two Thujo occidentalis forest stands, which are rare in the region. Tree-ring chronologies were used to examine the influences of disturbance and climate on the growth of Thuja occidentolis. Results： The forests contained a total of 13 tree species with Thuja occidentalis contributing substantially to the basal area of the sites. Thujo occidentalis stems were absent in the smallest size class, while hardwood species were abundant in the smallest classes. Thuja occidentalis stems also were absent from the 〈 70 years age class. By contrast, Thuja occidentalis snags were abundant within stands. Growth-release events were distributed across the disturbance chronology and generally affected a small number of trees. The Thujo occidentolis tree-ring chronology possessed an interseries correlation of 0.62 and mean sensitivity of 0.25. The correlation between mean temperature and Thuja occidentalis growth was weak and variable. Growth and moisture variables were more strongly correlated, and this relationship was predominantly positive. Conclusions： structural attributes indicate the forests are in the understory reinitiation stage of forest development. silvicultural manipul

关键词： Northern white cedar Disturbance Climate Range Disjunct Radial growth Regeneration