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Individualized treatment options for patients with non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic liver disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第19期27卷 2281-2298页

作者： Lukas Hartl joshua elias Gerhard Prager Thomas Reiberger Lukas W Unger Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab Medical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB20AWUnited Kingdom Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeAddenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom Division of Visceral Surgery Department of General SurgeryMedical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria

The obesity pandemic has led to a significant increase in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).While dyslipidemia,type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases guide treatment in patients without signs of liver fibrosis,liver related morbidity and mortality becomes relevant for MAFLD’s progressive form,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),and upon development of liver *** should be prescribed in patients without significant fibrosis despite concomitant liver diseases but are underutilized in the real-world *** surgery,especially Y-Roux bypass,has been proven to be superior to conservative and/or medical treatment for weight loss and resolution of obesity-associated diseases,but comes at a low but existent risk of surgical complications,reoperations and very rarely,paradoxical progression of *** end-stage liver disease develops,obese patients benefit from liver transplantation(LT),but may be at increased risk of perioperative infectious *** LT,metabolic comorbidities are commonly observed,irrespective of the underlying liver disease,but MAFLD/NASH patients are at even higher risk of disease *** studies with low patient numbers evaluated if,and when,bariatric surgery may be an option to avoid disease recurrence but more high-quality studies are needed to establish clear *** this review,we summarize the most recent literature on treatment options for MAFLD and NASH and highlight important considerations to tailor therapy to individual patient’s needs in light of their risk profile.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Portal hypertension Cirrhosis Bariatric surgery Metabolism

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Low-Cost and Biodegradable Thermoelectric Devices Based on van der Waals Semiconductors on Paper Substrates

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 201-206页

作者： Gulsum Ersu Carmen Munuera Federico J.Mompean Daniel Vaquero Jorge Quereda João elias F.S.Rodrigues Jose A.Alonso Eduardo Flores Jose R.Ares Isabel J.Ferrer Abdullah M.Al-Enizi Ayman Nafady Sruthi Kuriakose joshua O.Island Andres Castellanos-Gomez Materials Science Factory Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid(ICMM-CSIC)Madrid E-28049Spain Nanotechnology Group USAL-NanolabUnivesidad de SalamancaSalamanca Junta de Castilla y León 37007Spain GISC Departamento de Física de MaterialesUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid E-28040Spain Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y Estudios AvanzadosMérida 97310Mexico MIRE Group Departamento de Física de MaterialesUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid E-28049Spain Instituto Nicolás Cabrera Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid E-28049Spain Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las VegasLas Vegas NV 89154USA

We present a method to fabricate handcrafted thermoelectric devices on standard office paper *** devices are based on thin films of WS_(2),Te,and BP(P-type semiconductors)and TiS_(3)and TiS_(2)(N-type semiconductors),deposited by simply rubbing powder of these materials against *** thermoelectric properties of these semiconducting films revealed maximum Seebeck coefficients of(+1.32±0.27)mV K^(-1)and(-0.82±0.15)mV K^(-1)for WS_(2)and TiS_(3),***,Peltier elements were fabricated by interconnecting the P-and N-type films with graphite electrodes.A thermopower value up to 6.11 mV K^(-1)was obtained when the Peltier element were constructed with three *** findings of this work show proof-of-concept devices to illustrate the potential application of semiconducting van der Waals materials in future thermoelectric power generation as well as temperature sensing for low-cost disposable electronic devices.

关键词： paper-based electronics Seebeck effect semiconductors thermoelectrics van der Waals materials

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