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In vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of a combination therapy of diminazene and chloroquine against murine visceral leishmaniasis

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2015年第3期29卷 214-223页

作者： Samuel W.Mwololo joshua M.Mutiso John c.Macharia Alain J.Bourdichon Michael M.Gicheru Department of Zoological Sciences Kenyatta University Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases Institute of Primate Research BPM Bulk Medicine and Pharmaceuticals Production TROPMED GMbH

The present study evaluated the in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of diminazene combined with chloroquine as a potential drug against Leishmania donovani. Amphotericin B was used as a positive control drug. In vitro activity involved incubation of various drug concentrations with promastigotes or vero cells in culture before determination of parasite growth inhibition or cell death while in vivo evaluations involved infection of various mice groups with virulent L. donovani parasites and treatment with test drug compounds following disease establishment. Weight changes in experimental mice were also evaluated before infection and throughout the experiment. The results indicated that the diminazene-chloroquine combination was at least nine times more efficacious than individual drugs in killing promastigotes in culture. The diminazene-chloroquine combination was safer （Ld50=0.03±0.04） than Amphotericin B （Ld50=0.02±0.01）. Body weight in infected mice increased significantly （P=0.0007） from day 7 to day 37 following infection （P=0.026）. However, body weight remained comparable in all mice groups during treatment （P=0.16）. The diminazene-chloroquine combination significantly reduced splenic parasite numbers as compared to individual drug therapies （P=0.0001） although Amphotericin B was still more efficacious than any other treatment （P=0.0001）. Amongst the test compounds, the diminazene-chloroquine combination showed the lowest level of IgG antibody responses with results indicating significant negative correlation between antileishmanial antibody responses and protection against disease. These findings demonstrate the positive advantage and the potential use of a combined therapy of diminazene-chloroquine over the constituent drugs. Further evaluation is recommended to determine the most efficacious combination ratio of the two compounds.

关键词： efficacy diminazene-chloroquine combination therapy Leishmania donovani visceral leishmaniasis BALB/c mice

Targeting healthspan to optimally combat non-communicable disease in an aging world

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2019年第1期1卷 59-60页

作者： joshua c.Drake Zhen Yan School of Medicine University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M.Berne cardiovascular Research center University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA

Human lifespan and life expectancy have increased worldwide,but the number of years that we spend free of chronic or debilitating disorders,known as healthspan,has not shifted along with increased *** unfavourable trend presents a tremendous global social-economical *** propose a model of promoting optimal human health with proactive,holistic interventions across the lifespan,which require multi-disciplinary,innovative approaches to research and *** contend that this is the only hope that we have to face the challenges of population growth and aging,as well as the upward trend in non-communicable disease prevalence.

关键词： Healthspan Aging chronic disease Holistic Multi-disciplinary

Bacillus licheniformis PF9 improves barrier function and alleviates inflammatory responses against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 infection in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1413-1427页

作者： Qiao Li Linyan Li Yanhong chen changning Yu Paula Azevedo joshua Gong chengbo Yang college of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Animal Science University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3T 2N2Canada Guelph Research and Development centre Agriculture Agri-Food CanadaGuelphOntario N1G 5C9Canada State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330047China

Background:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEc)F4 commonly colonizes the small intestine and releases enterotoxins that impair the intestinal barrier function and trigger inflammatory *** Bacillus licheniformis(***)has been reported to enhance intestinal health,it remains to be seen whether there is a functional role of *** in intestinal inflammatory response in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line(IPEc-J2)when stimulated with ETEc ***:In the present study,the effects of *** PF9 on the release of pro-inflammation cytokines,cell integrity and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)activation were evaluated in ETEc F4-induced IPEc-J2 ***:*** PF9 treatment was capable of remarkably attenuating the expression levels of inflammation cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-8,and IL-6 during ETEc F4 ***,the gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-mediated upstream related genes of NF-κB signaling pathway has been significantly *** changes were accompanied by significantly decreased phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB during ETEc F4 infection with *** PF9 *** immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis revealed that *** PF9 increased the expression levels of zona occludens 1(ZO-1)and occludin(OcLN)in ETEc F4-infected IPEc-J2 ***,the *** PF9 could alleviate the injury of epithelial barrier function assessed by the trans-epithelial electrical resistance(TEER)and cell permeability ***,*** PF9 protect IPEc-J2 cells against ETEc F4 infection by decreasing the gene expressions of virulence-related factors(including luxS,estA,estB,and elt)in ETEc ***:collectively,our results suggest that *** PF9 might reduce inflammation-related cytokines through blocking the NF-κB signaling ***,*** PF9 displayed a significant role in the enhancem

关键词： Bacillus licheniformis PF9 Barrier function ETEc F4 Inflammatory response IPEc-J2

crystallization kinetics of Sn_(40)Se_(60) thin films for phase change memory applications

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第6期36卷 17-20页

作者： joshua M.Kundu Patrick M.Karimi Walter K.Njoroge Department of Physics Kenyatta University

The crystallization kinetics of Sn4oSe6o thin films has been successfully investigated using sheet resis- tance versus temperature measurements. Thermal evaporation was used to deposit the films on ordinary glass sub- strates. The crystallization temperature for Sn4oSe60 thin film was found to be 156.6 -t- 0.3 ~c. In the as-deposited state, the sheet resistance was found to be 195 Mf2/[2, this value declined to 1560 f2/[2] upon annealing. The value of activation energy obtained from the Kissinger plot was 0.62 ＋ 0.07 eV. From the results obtained, SnaoSe60 is a promising alloy for PcM application because of its high electrical contrast, high crystallization temperature, and relatively high activation energy.

关键词： crystallization temperature activation energy electrical contrast phase change memory

Achievable information rate optimization in c-band optical fiber communication system

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2023年第2期16卷 125-130页

作者： Zheng Liu Tianhua Xu Ji Qi joshua Uduagbomen Jian Zhao Tiegen Liu School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering Tianjin University School of Engineering University of Warwick Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London

Optical fiber communication networks play an important role in the global telecommunication network. However, nonlinear effects in the optical fiber and transceiver noise greatly limit the performance of fiber communication systems. In this paper, the product of mutual information(MI) and communication bandwidth is used as the metric of the achievable information rate(AIR). The MI loss caused by the transceiver is also considered in this work, and the bit-wise MI, generalized mutual information(GMI), is used to calculate the AIR. This loss is more significant in the use of higher-order modulation formats. The AIR analysis is carried out in the QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM modulation formats for the communication systems with different communication bandwidths and transmission distances based on the enhanced Gaussian noise(EGN) model. The paper provides suggestions for the selection of the optimal modulation format in different transmission scenarios.

关键词： Optical fiber communication Achievable information rate Mutual information Generalized mutual information

Enhancing Holistic Identity through Yoga: Investigating Body-Mind-Spirit Interventions on Mental Illness Stigma across culture–A case Study

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Open Journal of Nursing 2017年第4期7卷 481-494页

作者： Elizabeth c. McKibben Kin-Man joshua Nan Department of Social Work and Social Administration & centre on Behavioral Health the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Objective: Mental illness stigma plagues many individuals with mental health issues such as depression. Labels attributed to the mentally ill focus on meeting diagnostic criterion, increase association with mental illness identities, and do not always promote greater wellbeing. Body-Mind-Spirit (BMS) interventions for depression address mental health without promoting stigmatizing labels. This study identifies how yoga can help to reduce mental illness stigma, and examines the effectiveness of a yoga intervention conducted by an expatriate in a cross-cultural context. Methods: This study took a qualitative research approach to examine the effectiveness of a four-week yoga class as an alternative Body-Mind-Spirit (BMS) intervention on participant Jenny (pseudonym) by a licensed yoga instructor and expatriate. Interpretive content analysis of post-intervention interviews, and subjective observational analysis throughout the yoga classes captured the movements of Body-Mind-Spirit as well as their impacts on the participant’s perceptions of mental illness and the change through yoga practice. Results: Some specific themes from the participant’s narratives were identified that could give light to the mechanism of change through yoga that stifles mental illness stigma, transforms identity, and enhances attention. conclusion and implications for practice: Most notably, changes occurred through the physical to psychological axis of wellbeing, indicating some symbolic mechanism in yoga that facilitates the flow of information from the body to the mind. As Jenny’s awareness of her body deepened, her association with a stigmatizing mental illness identity decreased. Although this study was limited in its generalizability, it shows an increased understanding of how identity is an important link between BMS interventions and mental illness stigma. Furthermore these findings suggest that there is a need for rigorous research in the effectiveness of yoga on mental illnesses such a

关键词： clay Art Therapy (cAT) Depression Expressive Therapies continuum Alternative and complementary Medicine Emotion

combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2017年第2期8卷 103-113页

作者： Keith S Sultan joshua c Berkowitz Sundas Khan Department of Medicine Division of Gastro- enterologyHofstra Northwell School of Medicine Department of Medicine Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine

Biologic therapies such as infliximab and adalimumab have become mainstays of treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. Early studies suggested that combination therapy(cT) with infliximab and an immunomodulator drug such as azathioprine may help optimize biologic pharmacokinetics, minimize immunogenicity, and improve outcomes. The landmark SONIc trial in crohn's disease and the Uc SUccESS trial in ulcerative colitis demonstrated cT with infliximab and azathioprine to be superior to monotherapy with either agent alone at inducing clinical remission in treatment na?ve patients with moderate to severe disease. However, many unanswered questions linger. The role of cT in non-naive patients as well as the optimal duration of cT remains unknown. The effectiveness of cT with alternate biologics and/or alternate immunomodulators is not as clear, and it is unknown whether SONIc's conclusions can be extrapolated beyond infliximab and azathioprine. Also looming are the risks of cT including opportunistic infection and malignancy; specifically, lymphoma. This review lays out the evidence as it pertains to the risks and benefits of cT as well as the areas that require further research. With this information in hand, the practitioner may develop a treatment strategy that best suits each individual patient.

关键词： crohn’s disease Adalimumab Vedolizumab Ulcerative colitis Infliximab Inflammatory bowel disease Methotrexate Azathioprine

The effects of temperature on decomposition and allelopathic phytotoxicity of boneseed litter

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 1-11页

作者： Md.Abdullah Yousuf Al Harun joshua Johnson Md.Nazim Uddin Randall W.Robinson Institute for Sustainability and Innovation College of Engineering and Science Victoria UniversityMelbourne

Decomposition of plant litter is a fundamental process in ecosystem function, carbon and nutrient cycling and, by extension, climate change. This study aimed to investigate the role of temperature on the decomposition of water soluble phenolics（WSP）, carbon and soil nutrients in conjunction with the phytotoxicity dynamics of chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera（boneseed） litter. Treatments consisted of three factors including decomposition materials（litter alone, litter with soil and soil alone）, decomposition periods and temperatures（5-15, 15-25and 25-35°c（night/day））. Leachates were collected on 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 th days to analyse physico-chemical parameters and phytotoxicity. Water soluble phenolics and dissolved organic carbon（DOc） increased with increasing temperature while nutrients like SO-24 and NO-13 decreased. Speed of germination, hypocotyl and radical length and weight of Lactuca sativa exposed to leachates were decreased with increasing decomposition temperature. All treatment components had significant effects on these parameters. There had a strong correlation between DOc and WSP, and WSP content of the leachates with radical length of test species. This study identified complex interactivity among temperature, WSP, DOc and soil nutrient dynamics of litter occupied soil and that these factors work together to influence phytotoxicity.

关键词： Temperature Boneseed Phenolics DOc Nutrient cycling Phytotoxicity

跨音速转子叶顶泄漏流/主流交界面的前移机制

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工程热物理学报 2011年第6期32卷 929-932页

作者：杜娟林峰陈静宜 Mark H Ross joshua D cameron Scott c Morris 中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京100190 中国科学院先进能源与动力重点实验室北京100190 Hessert Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of Notre Dame

采用数值计算和实验研究相结合的方法,研究了跨音速转子叶顶泄漏流与主流交界面轴向位置随流量的变化规律和机制。该跨音转子是美国圣母大学一级半跨音速压气机转子。研究发现机匣壁面脉线分布能够定性反映壁面轴向剪切应力分布,可用来... 详细信息

采用数值计算和实验研究相结合的方法,研究了跨音速转子叶顶泄漏流与主流交界面轴向位置随流量的变化规律和机制。该跨音转子是美国圣母大学一级半跨音速压气机转子。研究发现机匣壁面脉线分布能够定性反映壁面轴向剪切应力分布,可用来识别叶顶泄漏流与主流的交界面位置。通过机匣壁面的脉线分布,可以看出机匣壁面存在两条零剪切应力线。第一条零剪切应力线表示来流与叶顶泄漏流之间交界面的时间和周向平均轴向位置,在小流量工况下交界面靠近顶部叶片的前缘。计算和实验结果都表明,随着质量流量的减小,叶顶泄漏流与主流交界面的轴向位置不断向叶片前缘移动。在近失速点,交界面到达叶片前缘,泄漏流即将溢出。泄漏流与主流的轴向动量比随流量减小不断增大的变化规律进一步说明,间隙区域泄漏流与主流的轴向动量平衡是导致交界面不断前移直至溢出的内在机制。

关键词：叶顶泄漏流/主流交界面轴向剪切应力跨音速压气机转子