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Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology 2014年第2期4卷 11-19页

作者： Elika Shabrokh John Kavanaugh Ryan McMillan josh pittman Matt Hulver Madlyn Frisard Department of Human Nutrition Foods and Exercise Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA

Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and disruption of mitochondrial dynamic pathways has been documented in brains from patients diagnosed with AD;although it is unclear whether other tissues are also affected. Much less is known about the mitochondria in patients diagnosed with sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis (sIBM). The current study examined mitochondrial biology in skeletal muscle from AD and sIBM patients compared to healthy, elderly individuals. Skeletal muscle samples were obtained from the National Disease Research Interchange and mRNA, protein content, and enzyme activity was used to assess mitochondrial parameters. Patients diagnosed with AD or sIBM demonstrated reduced mitofusin 2 and optic atrophy protein 1 protein. AD patients also displayed increased mRNA of superoxide dismutase 2, catalase, and uncoupling protein 3. Amyloid b precursor protein mRNA was higher in sIBM patients only compared to both AD patients and elderly individuals. Both total and phosphorylated AMPK protein content, an upstream regulator of mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, were also reduced in sIBM patients. The current study demonstrates a disruption in signaling pathways regulating mitochondrial dynamics in both AD and sIBM patients, although the underlying causes may differ.

关键词： Mitochondrial Dynamics Autophagy Mitochondrial Biogenesis Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein 5’-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

Development and maintenance of the ligular region of maize leaves

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1175-1177页

作者： josh Strable Alejandro Aragon-Raygoza Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA

Roughly 1.2 billion tons of grain produced from maize(Zea mays)hybrids were harvested worldwide in 2022 on more than 200 million hectares(Food and Agricultural Organization statistics).Hybrid maize adapted to increased planting density,largely attributed to the upright angle of leaf blades,is a key factor for driving high grain yields over the last 50 years(Duvick et al.,2004).Leaf angle(LA)is a major breeding target for crop productivity due to its effects on canopy architecture,which impacts the amount of light intercepted by the leaf blade(Cao et al.,2022).

关键词： breeding planting maize

Association of initial assessment variables and mortality in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 125-133页

作者： Katherine C Bergus Kelli N Patterson Lindsey Asti josh Bricker Tariku J Beyene Lauren N Schulz Dana M Schwartz Rajan K Thakkar Eric A Sribnick Pediatric Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA CenterforSurgical Outcomes Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic Surgery The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA

Background Predictive scales have been used to prognosticate long-term outcomes of traumatic brain injury(TBI),but gaps remain in predicting mortality using initial trauma resuscitation *** sought to evaluate the association of clinical variables collected during the initial resuscitation of intubated pediatric severe patients with TBI with in-hospital *** Intubated pediatric trauma patients<18 years with severe TBI(Glasgow coma scale(GCS)score≤8)from January 2011 to December 2020 were *** between initial trauma resuscitation variables(temperature,pulse,mean arterial blood pressure,GCS score,hemoglobin,international normalized ratio(INR),platelet count,oxygen saturation,end tidal carbon dioxide,blood glucose and pupillary response)and mortality were evaluated with multivariable logistic *** Among 314 patients,median age was 5.5 years(interquartile range(IQR):2.2-12.8),GCS score was 3(IQR:3-6),Head Abbreviated Injury Score(hAIS)was 4(IQR:3-5),and most had a severe(25-49)Injury Severity Score(ISS)(48.7%,153/314).Overall mortality was 26.8%.GCS score,hAIS,ISS,INR,platelet count,and blood glucose were associated with in-hospital mortality(all p<0.05).As age and GCS score increased,the odds of mortality *** 1-point increase in GCS score was associated with a 35%decrease in odds of *** hAIS,INR,and blood glucose increased,the odds of mortality *** each 1.0 unit increase in INR,the odds of mortality increased by 1427%.Conclusions Pediatric patients with severe TBI are at substantial risk for in-hospital *** are needed to examine whether earlier interventions targeting specific parameters of INR and blood glucose impact mortality.

关键词： mortality pediatric traumatic

Investigation on Effect of Composition on the Drying of Castables with Cement Binder

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China's Refractories 2024年第3期33卷 30-36页

作者： Bruno TOUZO Hirotaka GOTO Uwe KLIPPEL josh SAYRE Jeff BOGAN Calderys Paris 75016France Calderys Toyota 470-0308Japan Calderys Neuwied 56564Germany HWI West Mifflin 15122PAUSA

Monolithic refractory castables comprising a hydraulic bond are still used in a vast majority of cases because of their flexibility and robustness,despite many developments for chemical as well as non-cement castable *** drying can however be a challenge,in particular for deflocculated dense castables of the low cement castable *** publications have been released on this topic for the last ten years,but they often focused on the drying mechanisms or on the addition of drying *** paper presents some experimental results on the effect of the composition on the drying properties,especially on the effect of silicon carbide,used for its high thermal conductivity,and on the matrix *** also introduces two laboratory tests to study and iteratively improve the drying schedule of a given castable *** results show that the spalling resistance and the vapor pressure build-up are significantly influenced by the *** is also shown that the castable properties after drying can be altered if the heating rate is very high.

关键词： drying aggregate composition binding system heating rate

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美国从未真正停止强迫劳动

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第14期 56-63页

作者： josh EIDELSON TEJUMOLA BUTLER ADENUGA(图) 王湛(译) 不详

一年前,拉基拉·沃克(Lakiera Walker)躺在她的双层床上,她患上流感,虚弱得无法站立。这时,监狱主管进来责备她错过了下午去工作的班车。沃克的工作地点是在超市供应商Southeastern Meats Inc.的生产线。每个班次要在零度左右的低温中... 详细信息

一年前,拉基拉·沃克(Lakiera Walker)躺在她的双层床上,她患上流感,虚弱得无法站立。这时,监狱主管进来责备她错过了下午去工作的班车。沃克的工作地点是在超市供应商Southeastern Meats Inc.的生产线。每个班次要在零度左右的低温中连续站立12个小时,这让她浑身酸痛,手指冻得通红。沃克负责包装冷冻豌豆和玉米,公司支付每小时约13美元的工资,但州政府拿走了大部分,包括将其中的五分之二交给阿拉巴马州惩教署,以“帮助分摊”她的监禁费用。

关键词：强迫劳动阿拉巴马州惩教署双层床州政府监狱

The role of phosphorus in the metabolism of arsenate by a freshwater green alga, Chlorella vulgaris

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 169-178页

作者： josh Baker Dirk Wallschlager Trent University Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program 1600 West Bank Dr Peterborough ON K9L 0G2 Canada School of the Environment Department of Chemistry and Water Quality Centre Trent University 1600 West Bank Dr Peterborough ONK9L 0G2 Canada

A freshwater microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, was grown in the presence of varying phosphate concentrations（〈 10–500 μg/L P） and environmentally realistic concentrations of arsenate（As（Ⅴ））（5–50 μg/L As）. Arsenic speciation in the culture medium and total cellular arsenic were measured using AEC-ICP-MS and ICP-DRC-MS, respectively, to determine arsenic biotransformation and uptake in the various phosphorus scenarios. At high phosphate concentration in the culture medium, 〉 100 μg/L P, the uptake and biotransformation of As（Ⅴ） was minimal and dimethylarsonate（DMAs（Ⅴ）） was the dominant metabolite excreted by C. vulgaris, albeit at relatively low concentrations. At common environmental P concentrations, 0–50 μg/L P, the uptake and biotransformation of As（Ⅴ） increased. At these higher As-uptake levels, arsenite（As（Ⅲ）） was the predominant metabolite excreted from the cell. The concentrations of As（Ⅲ） in these low P conditions were much higher than the concentrations of methylated arsenicals observed at the various P concentrations studied. The switchover threshold between the（small） methylation and（large） reduction of As（Ⅴ） occurred around a cellular As concentration of 1 fg/cell. The observed nearly quantitative conversion of As（Ⅴ） to As（Ⅲ） under low phosphate conditions indicates the importance of As（Ⅴ） bio-reduction at common freshwater P concentrations. These findings on the influence of phosphorus on arsenic uptake, accumulation and excretion are discussed in relation to previously published research. The impact that the two scenarios of As（Ⅴ） metabolism, As（Ⅲ） excretion at high As（Ⅴ）-uptake and methylarsenical excretion at low As（Ⅴ）-uptake, have on freshwater arsenic speciation is discussed.

关键词： Arsenic Speciation Phosphorus Freshwater algae Toxicity Biotransformation

Overview of immunosuppression in liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第34期15卷 4225-4233页

作者： Anjana A Pillai josh Levitsky Department of Transplant Surgery Northwestern Memorial Hospital Department of Hepatology Northwestern Memorial Hospital

Continued advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive therapy have allowed liver transplantation to become an extremely successful treatment option for patients with end-stage liver *** with the revolutionary discovery of cyclosporine in the 1970s,immunosuppressive regimens have evolved greatly and current statistics confirm one-year graft survival rates in excess of 80%. Immunosuppressive regimens include calcineurin inhibitors,anti-metabolites,mTOR inhibitors,steroids and antibody-based *** agents target different sites in the T cell activation cascade,usually by inhibiting T cell activation or via T cell *** are used as induction therapy in the immediate periand post-operative period,as long-term maintenance medications to preserve graft function and as salvage therapy for acute rejection in liver transplant recipients. This review will focus on existing immunosuppressive agents for liver transplantation and consider newer medications on the horizon.

关键词： Immunosuppression Liver transplantation Induction therapy Rejection

Void fill and support techniques to stabilize drift excavated through a transition zone mined by a TBM at the Stillwater mine

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 71-76页

作者： Johnson josh Jacobs Curt Ferster Mark Tadolini Stephen Stillwater Mining Company NyeMT 59061USA Minova GeorgetownKYUSA

Stillwater Mining Company is the only U.S. producer of platinum group metals （PGMs） and the largest producer outside of South Afiica and Russia. The company controls a considerable portion of the J-M reef and is currently developing the ＂Blitz Project,＂ which will provide a main haulage level, ore pass systems, backfill plants, and fiow-through ventilation to increase production and ensure sustainable extraction of this critical strategic mineral. While driving two sub-parallel footwall laterals 8125 m in length, one of the development drifts experienced a massive fall in a geologically disturbed area created by a mafic dike intrusion. Combinations of a void fill material （Tekseal）, polyurethane injection, fore poling coupled with steel arches, and supplemental bolting allow safe and efficient advance through this geologically dis- turbed zone. This paper presents the details of this project.

关键词： TBM Ground Dike Cutterhead

Jason M. Wirth, Mountains, Rivers, and the Great Earth：Reading Gary Snyder and Dogen in an Age of Ecological Crisis （reviewed by josh Hayes Hayes）

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2017年第4期12卷 666-671页

作者： josh Hayes Hayes Alvernia University

The great bell of the Gion Temple reverberates into every human heart to wake us to the fact that all is impermanent and fleeting. The withered flowers of the sala trees by Shakyamuni＇s deathbed remind us that even those flourishing with wealth and power will soon pass away. The life of fame and pride is as ephemeral as a springtime dream. The courageous and aggressive person too will vanish like a swirl of dust in the wind. --Heike Monogatari, 12th century, trans. Gary Snyder.

关键词： Jason M. Wirth Mountains

Towards high strength cast Mg-RE based alloys:Phase diagrams and strengthening mechanisms

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第6期10卷 1401-1427页

作者： Janet M.Meier josh Caris Alan A.Luo Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Terves LLC EuclidOH 44117USA Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

Mg-rare earth(RE)based systems provide several important commercial alloys and many alloy development opportunities for high strength applications,especially in aerospace and defense *** phase diagrams,microstructure,and strengthening mechanisms of these multicomponent systems are very complex and often not well understood in *** have calculated phase diagrams of important binary,ternary,and multicomponent RE-containing alloy systems,using CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagrams).Based on these phase diagrams,this paper offers a critical overview on phase equilibria and strengthening mechanisms in these alloy systems,including precipitation,long period stacking order(LPSO),and other intermetallic *** review also summarized several promising Mg-RE based cast alloys in comparison with commercial WE54 and WE43 alloys;and explored new strategies for future alloy development for high strength *** is pointed out that the combination of precipitation and LPSO phases can lead to superior strength and ductility in Mg-RE based cast *** precipitates and LPSO phases can form a complex three-dimensional network that effectively impedes dislocation motion on the basal and non-basal *** LPSO phases can also prevent the coarsening of precipitates when they interact,thus providing good thermal stability at elevated *** research is needed to determine how the combination of these two types of phases can be used in alloy design and industrial scale applications.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Phase diagrams Precipitation strengthening Long period stacking order(LPSO) Alloy development CALPHAD