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Perspective on dietary isothiocyanates in the prevention,development and treatment of cancer

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Journal of Cancer metastasis and Treatment 2020年第1期6卷 271-286页

作者： herman Yeger Reza Bayat mokhtari The Hospital for Sick Children Program in Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyTorontoON M5G 0A4Canada Department Biomedical&molecular Sciences Botterell Hall Rm 827Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada

Epidemiological evidence has highlighted the association of specific diets and a lower incidence of ***,the mediterranean diet provides high levels of polyphenolics and a high consumption of healthier fats,e.g.,as from olive *** the mediterranean region the consumption of vegetables is elevated providing a class of compounds,the isothiocyanates(ITCs)as found in the cabbage *** ITCs have raised great interest for their health benefits over the past few *** of the key ITC compounds,sulforaphane,phenethylisothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate,have been studied in vitro and in vivo and the data support their promise for cancer chemoprevention,as anti-tumor agents,and for chemoprotection of normal tissues and *** with other polyphenolic compounds in the diet,in general,they also possess key anti-inflammatory properties thus satisfying the criteria for compounds that could intervene in cancer initiation and *** this review we provide a larger overview of the advantages of including ITCs in the diet as food or as supplements and speculate on what could constitute a valuable therapeutic strategy for improving and sustaining good health and countering cancer disease in humans.

关键词： mediterranean diet isothiocyanates chemoprevention chemoprotection anti-tumor hormesis mitohormesis anti-inflammatory

Climate Change in the Subtropical Jetstream during 1950–2009

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第1期32卷 140-148页

作者： B.ABISH P.V.joseph Ola.m.JOHANNESSEN Nansen Environmental Research Centre India Department of Atmospheric Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Nansen Scientific Society

A study of six decades（1950–2009） of reanalysis data reveals that the subtropical jetstream（STJ） of the Southern（Northern） Hemisphere between longitudes 0°E and 180°E has weakened（strengthened） during both the boreal winter（January,February） and summer（July, August） seasons. The temperature of the upper troposphere of the midlatitudes has a warming trend in the Southern Hemisphere and a cooling trend in the Northern Hemisphere. Correspondingly, the north–south temperature gradient in the upper troposphere has a decreasing trend in the Southern Hemisphere and an increasing trend in the Northern Hemisphere, which affects the strength of the STJ through the thermal wind relation. We devised a method of isotach analysis in intervals of 0.1 m s-1in vertical sections of hemispheric mean winds to study the climate change in the STJ core wind speed, and also core height and latitude. We found that the upper tropospheric cooling of the Asian mid-latitudes has a role in the strengthening of the STJ over Asia, while throughout the rest of the globe the upper troposphere has a warming trend that weakens the STJ. Available studies show that the mid-latitude cooling of the upper troposphere over Asia is caused by anthropogenic aerosols（particularly sulphate aerosols） and the warming over the rest of the global mid-latitude upper troposphere is due to increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

关键词： subtropical jetstream upper troposphere greenhouse gases aerosols

metabolic complications of hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第13期27卷 1267-1282页

作者： Rahul Chaudhari Sherouk Fouda Ashik Sainu joseph m Pappachan Department of medicine Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaPA 19104United States School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT UniversityMelbourne VIC 3000Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Aster Oman HospitalAl GhubraMuscat OM 133Oman Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is a systemic disease that is implicated in multiple extrahepatic organ dysfunction contributing to its protean manifestations. HCV is associated with diverse extrahepatic disorders including atherosclerosis, glucose and lipid metabolic disturbances, alterations in the iron metabolic pathways, and lymphoproliferative diseases over and above the traditional liver manifestations of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The orchestration between HCV major proteins and the liver-muscle-adipose axis, poses a major burden on the global health of human body organs, if not adequately addressed. The close and inseparable associations between chronic HCV infection, metabolic disease, and cardiovascular disorders are specifically important considering the increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and their economic burden to patients, the healthcare systems, and society. Cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the interplay of these organs and tissues in health and disease are therefore of significant interest. The coexistence of metabolic disorders and chronic hepatitis C infection also enhances the progression to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of metabolic disorders is believed to influence the chronicity and virulence of HCV leading to liver disease progression. This comprehensive review highlights current knowledge on the metabolic manifestations of hepatitis C and the potential pathways in which these metabolic changes can influence the natural history of the disease.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C infection Insulin resistance metabolic syndrome Cardiovascular diseases Fatty liver Diabetes mellitus

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia: A review of diagnosis and management

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第2期9卷 50-61页

作者： joseph R Roberts Lacey L Siekas Andrew m Kaz Department of medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of Washington School of Medicine Gastroenterology Section VA Puget Sound Health Care System

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia(AIN) is a premalignant lesion of the anal mucosa that is a precursor to anal cancer. Although anal cancer is relatively uncommon, rates of this malignancy are steadily rising in the United States, and among certain high risk populations the incidence of anal cancer may exceed that of colon cancer. Risk factors for AIN and anal cancer consist of clinical factors and behaviors that are associated with the acquisition and persistence of human papilloma virus(HPV) infection. The strongest HPV-associated risk factors are HIV infection, receptive anal intercourse, and high risk sexual behavior. A history of HPVmediated genital cancer, which suggests infection with an oncogenic HPV strain, is another risk factor for AIN/anal cancer. Because progression of AIN to anal cancer is known to occur in some individuals over several years, screening for AIN and early anal cancer, as well as treatment of advanced AIN lesions, is reasonable in certain high-risk populations. Although randomized controlled trials evaluating screening and treatment outcomes are lacking, experts support routine screening for AIN in high risk populations. Screening is performed using anal cytological exams, similar to those performed in cervical cancer screening programs, along with direct tissue evaluation and biopsy via high resolution anoscopy. AIN can be treated using topical therapies such as imiquimod, 5-flurouracil, and trichloroacetic acid, as well as ablative therapies such as electrocautery and laser therapy. Reductions in AIN and anal cancer rates have been shown in studies where high-risk populations were vaccinated against the oncogenic strains of HPV. Currently, the CDC recommends both high-risk and average-risk populations be vaccinated against HPV infection using the quadrivalent or nonavalent vaccines. It is important for clinicians to be familiar with AIN and the role of HPV vaccination, particularly in high risk populations.

关键词： Anal cancer Anal intraepithelial neoplasia Anal squamous cell carcinoma Human papillomavirus vaccine Human papillomavirus

Comparative study of mechanical, corrosion and erosion-corrosion properties of cast hyper-duplex and super-duplex stainless steels

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2020年第7期27卷 954-961页

作者： P.Nithin Raj P.K.Navaneethkrishnan K.Sekar m.A.joseph Department of mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyCalicutIndia

Duplex stainless steels(DSSs)used in subsea structures and desalination industries require high corrosion and erosion resistance as well as excellent mechanical *** newly introduced cast duplex grade ASTm A8907 A has a unique composition and is expected to have a much better resistance to corrosion and erosion compared with the super-duplex grades 5 A and 6 *** work is a comparative study of the mechanical properties,corrosion,and erosion-corrosion resistance of super-duplex grades 5 A and 6 A and the hyper-duplex grade 7 *** three DSSs exhibited equiaxial austenite islands in the ferrite matrix and balanced phase *** hardness of the grade 7 A was nearly 15%higher than those of the super-duplex grades,which is attributed to the effect of the higher contents of W and mn in 7 *** impact toughness of grade 7 A was found to be lower than those of the super-duplex grades due to the carbide precipitation resulting from the partial substitution of mo with *** oxide layer strengthening effect of rare earth elements and the higher pitting resistance equivalent number(PREN)of grade7 A resulted in higher corrosion *** harder and more passive grade 7 A showed a 35%lower material loss during erosion-corrosion.

关键词： hyper-duplex stainless steels erosion−corrosion electrochemical corrosion marine environment super-duplex stainless steels

Biomechanics associated with tibial stress fracture in runners:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第3期12卷 333-342页

作者： Clare E.milner Eric Foch joseph m.Gonzales Drew Petersen Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19102USA Department of Health Sciences Central Washington UniversityEllensburgWA 98926USA

Background:Tibial stress fracture(TSF)is an overuse running injury with a long recovery *** many running studies refer to biomechanical risk factors for TSF,only a few have compared biomechanics in runners with TSF to *** aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate biomechanics in runners with TSF compared to ***:Electronic databases Pubmed,Web of Science,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,Cochrane,and CINAHL were *** of bias was assessed and meta-analysis conducted for variables reported in 3 or more ***:The search retrieved 359 unique records,but only the 14 that compared runners with TSF to controls were included in the *** studies were retrospective,2 were prospective,and most had a small sample size(5-30 per group).many variables were not significantly different between ***-analysis of peak impact,active,and braking ground reaction forces found no significant differences between *** studies found larger tibial peak anterior tensile stress,peak posterior compressive stress,peak axial acceleration,peak rearfoot eversion,and hip adduction in the TSF ***:meta-analysis indicated that discrete ground reaction force variables were not statistically significantly different in runners with TSF compared to *** individual included studies,many biomechanical variables were not statistically significantly different between ***,many were reported by only a single study,and sample sizes were *** encourage additional studies with larger sample sizes of runners with TSF and controls and adequate statistical power to confirm or refute these findings.

关键词： Bone stress injury Gait Kinematics Kinetics Tibial acceleration

Combined administration of platelet rich plasma and autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate for spinal cord injury: a descriptive case series

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 362-366页

作者： joseph A.Shehadi Steven m.Elzein Paul Beery m.Chance Spalding michelle Pershing Section of Neurosurgery at OhioHealth Grant medical Center Cedar Stem Cell InstituteColumbusOHUSA The Ohio State University College of medicine ColumbusOHUSA Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery OhioHealth Grant Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA OhioHealth Research Institute ColumbusOHUSA

Administration of platelet rich plasma(PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate(BmAC) has shown some promise in the treatment of neurological conditions;however, there is limited information on combined administration. As such, the purpose of this study was to assess safety and functional outcomes for patients administered combined autologous PRP and BmAC for spinal cord injury(SCI). This retrospective case series included seven patients who received combined treatment of autologous PRP and BmAC via intravenous and intrathecal administration as salvage therapy for SCI. Patients were reviewed for adverse reactions and clinical outcomes using the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) for up to 1 year, as permitted by availability of follow-up data. Injury levels ranged from C3 through T11, and elapsed time between injury and salvage therapy ranged from 2.4 months to 6.2 years. Post-procedure complications were mild and rare, consisting only of self-limited headache and subjective memory impairment in one patient. Four patients experienced severe disability prior to PRP combined with BmAC injection, as evidenced by high(> 48/100) Oswestry Disability Index scores. Longitudinal Oswestry Disability Index scores for two patients with incomplete SCI at C6 and C7, both of whom had cervical spine injuries, demonstrated a decrease of 28–40% following salvage therapy, representing an improvement from severe to minimal disability. In conclusion, intrathecal/intravenous co-administration of PRP and BmAC resulted in no significant complications and may have had some clinical benefits. Larger clinical studies are needed to further test this method of treatment for patients with SCI who otherwise have limited meaningful treatment options. This study was reviewed and approved by the Ohio Health Institutional Review Board(IRB No. 1204946) on may 16, 2018.

关键词： bone marrow aspirate concentrate cell-based therapy neural regeneration Oswestry Disability Index platelet rich plasma spinal cord injury stem cells

mechanistic considerations for the use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy

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Cancer Biology & medicine 2014年第1期11卷 20-33页

作者： Patrick m.Glassman joseph P.Balthasar Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University at Buffalo The State University of New York

Since the approval of rituximab in 1997, monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) have become an increasingly important component of therapeutic regimens in oncology. The success of mAbs as a therapeutic class is a result of great strides that have been made in molecular biology and in biotechnology over the past several decades. Currently, there are 14 approved mAb products for oncology indications, and there are ten additional mAbs in late stages of clinical trials. Compared to traditional chemotherapeutic agents, mAbs have several advantages, including a long circulating half-life and high target specificity. Antibodies can serve as cytotoxic agents when administered alone, exerting a pharmacologic effect through several mechanisms involving the antigen binding(Fab) and/or Fc domains of the molecule, and mAbs may also be utilized as drug carriers, targeting a toxic payload to cancer cells. The extremely high affinity of mAbs for their targets, which is desirable with respect to pharmacodynamics(i.e., contributing to the high therapeutic selectivity of mAb), often leads to complex, non-linear, target-mediated pharmacokinetics. In this report, we summarize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of mAbs that have been approved and of mAbs that are nearing approval for oncology indications, with particular focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for their disposition and efficacy.

关键词： Antibodies monoclonal oncology pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics

Functional attributes of two subtropical shrubs and implications for the distribution and management of endangered bird habitat

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第6期8卷 578-592页

作者： Genie m.Fleming joseph m.Wunderle Jr David N.Ewert joseph J.O’Brien Eileen H.Helmer Puerto Rican Conservation Foundation PO Box 362495San JuanPR 00936USA International Institute of Tropical Forestry USDA Forest ServiceSabana Field Research StationHC 02 Box 6205LuquilloPR 00773-1377USA The Nature Conservancy 101 East Grand RiverLansingMI 48906USA Center for Forest Disturbance Science USDA Forest Service320 Green StAthensGA 30602USA

Aims The fruits of Erithalis fruticosa *** Lantana involucrata *** important in the diet of u federally endangered Kirtland’s Warblers(Setophaga kirtlandii)wintering in the bahamas *** two shrubs occur in tropical and subtropical dry forests,including forests that have been subjected to recent *** their importance to the endangered warbler,the disturbance ecology of these shrubs is poorly *** sought to determine,based on functional characteristics of the plants,whether their presence is favored by a particular type or regime of *** We used data from field experiments(seed broadcasting and shrub cutting)conducted on the island of Eleuthera,The bahamas to determine mechanisms of and conditions favoring establishment and persistence(‘vital attributes’)of *** and ***,which enabled categorization according to the plant functional types defined by Noble and slatyer(1980).We then compared hypothesized distributions of these plant functional types among different anthropogenic disturbance regimes to observed distribu-tions of *** and *** in order to identify distur-bance regimes most likely to produce habitat used by Kirtland’s *** Findings *** and *** were functionally categorized as widely dispersed but largely shade intolerant species capable of establishing or regenerating individuals after disturbance via both seeds and vegetative *** hypothesized and observed distribution patterns indicated the shrubs were favored by a regime of frequent disturbance producing open canopy and ground *** the anthropogenic disturbances we examined,areas of large-scale land clearing combined with subsequent goat graz-ing most often supported *** and ***,while the shrubs were relatively rare in burned *** the plant functional type framework in combination with field data to evaluate predictions of species occur

关键词： anthropogenic disturbance black torch plant functional type vital attributes wild sage