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A Novel Dynamic Quadrature Scheme f.r Solving Boltzmann Equation with Discrete Ordinate and Lattice Boltzmann Methods

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第4期11卷 1397-1414页

作者： C.T.Hsu S.W.chiang K.f.Sin Department of.Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong

The Boltzmann equation(BE)f.r gas f.ows is a time-dependent nonlinear dif.erential-integral equation in 6 *** current simplif.ed practice is to linearize the collision integral in BE by the BGK model using Maxwellian equilibrium distribution and to approximate the moment integrals by the discrete ordinatemethod(DOM)using a f.nite set of.velocity quadrature *** simplif.cation reduces the dimensions f.om 6 to 3,and leads to a set of.linearized discrete *** main dif.iculty of.the currently used(conventional)numerical procedures occurs when the mean velocity and the variation of.temperature are large that requires an extremely large number of.quadrature *** this paper,a novel dynamic scheme that requires only a small number of.quadrature points is *** is achieved by a velocity-coordinate transf.rmation consisting of.Galilean translation and thermal normalization so that the transf.rmed velocity space is independent of.mean velocity and *** enables the ef.icient implementation of.Gaussian-Hermite *** velocity quadrature points in the new velocity space are f.xed while the correspondent quadrature points in the physical space change f.om time to time and f.om position to *** this dynamic nature in the physical space,this new quadrature scheme is termed as the dynamic quadrature scheme(DQS).The DQS was implemented to the DOM and the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).These new methods with DQS are theref.re termed as the dynamic discrete ordinate method(DDOM)and the dynamic lattice Boltzmann method(DLBM),*** new DDOM and DLBMhave been tested and validated with several testing *** the same accuracy in numerical results,the proposed schemes are much f.ster than the conventional ***,the new DLBM have ef.ectively removed the incompressible and isothermal restrictions encountered by the conventional LBM.

关键词： Dynamics quadrature dynamic discrete ordinatemethod dynamic lattice Boltzmann method thermal lattice Boltzmann method

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A synopsis on f.avonoids f.om the roots of.Scutellaria baicalensis with some insights on baicalein and its anti-cancer properties

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Journal of.Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019年第4期28卷 217-228页

作者： Eric Wei chiang Chan Siu Kuin Wong joseph Tangah Tomomi Inoue Hung Tuck Chan f.culty of.Applied Sciences UCSI University School of.Science Monash University Sunway f.rest Research Centre Sabah Forestry Department Centre f.r Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES) Secretariat of.the International Society f.r Mangrove Ecosystems Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus

f.avones are the most dominant type of.f.avonoids isolated f.om the roots of.Scutellaria baicalensis(Radix Scutellariae), which is a traditional medicinal plant in East Asian countries, including China, Japan and *** of.the f.avones are derivatives with methoxyl and hydroxyl groups, and they include baicalein, baicalin, chrysin, norwogonin, oroxylin A and *** possesses anti-cancer activities against a wide spectrum of.human cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and by inhibiting angiogenesis, metastasis and *** examples of.the ef.ects of.baicalein on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and metastasis are presented with discussion on the molecular targets and *** on the structure-activity relationships of.f.avonoid cytotoxicity towards human cancer cells show that the potent cytotoxic activities of.baicalein can be attributed to its-OH groupsat C5, C6 and C7(triple hydroxylation) of.ring A, carbonyl group at C4 of.ring C, and C2–C3 double bond of.ring *** on structural modif.cations of.baicalein have shown that the conf.gurations at C6 of.ring A are critical f.ctors inf.uencing its anti-prolif.rative *** the remarkable anti-cancer properties, the f.ture prospects f.r developing baicalein into an anti-cancer drug are promising.

关键词： Radix Scutellariae Baicalein f.avones Structure-activity relationships

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Seasonal variations of.PM10 -- Trace elements, PAHs and Levoglucosan: Rural sugarcane growing area versus coastal urban area in Southeastern f.orida, USA. Part II: Elemental concentrations

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Particuology 2019年第5期17卷 99-108页

作者： Orhan Sevim oglu Wolf.ang f. Rogge Department of.Environmental Engineering Cebze Technical University Cebze Kocaeli 41400 Turkey School of.Engineering and Sierra Nevada Research Institute University of California Merced. 5200 North Lake Road Merced CA 95343 USA

The largest sugarcane-growing area in the United States is in South f.orida. An estimated 7 million tons of.dry sugarcane leaf. biomass is removed f.om the f.elds bef.re harvest by burning the leaves of. the sugarcane stalks. Preharvest sugarcane leaf.f.liage burning is a major source of.airborne particulate matter (PM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), biogenic trace elements such as K, volatile hydrocarbons and other pollutants. In one harvesting period, approximately 22 million tons of.C02, a greenhouse gas, is released, 7 million tons f.om leaf.f.liage preharvest burning alone and 15 million tons f.om burning sugarcane bagasse in the sugar mills f.r power generation. In this study, PMio was collected f.om Belle Glade, close to the sugarcane-growing area, and f.om Delray Beach, an urbanized area along the East Coast of.f.orida. The PM samples were analyzed f.r trace elements and close to organic compounds. To elucidate the importance of.preharvest sugarcane biomass smoke emissions on air quality, 39 trace elements, 18 PAHs, and levoglucosan were selected to apportion ambient PM constituents. Al, Ca and to a great extend also Mg are the major soil-related trace elements and key markers f.r f.gitive soil dust emissions. Similarly, sea salt aerosol blown f.om the Atlantic Ocean into f.orida added appreciably to PMio trace elements concentration, especially Na and Cl. Approximately half.of.the sea salt aerosol (PMjo -portion) by mass is removed f.om the atmosphere during the transport of.ocean air f.om Delray Beach to Belle Glade. Ambient acid displacement reactions caused a substantial portion of.the Cl (30%) to be liberated f.om the sea salt aerosol to the atmosphere during transport as gaseous HC1. The PAH concentrations at Belle Glade were high when the biomass combustion markers levoglucosan and If.f.liage is burned of. just bef.re harvest, most of

关键词： Urban versus rural Trace elements Sugarcane burning Rare earth elements Sea salt aerosol Potassium Levoglucosan PAHs

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Sedimentary erosive processes and sediment dispersal in Kaoping submarine canyon

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第2期54卷 259-271页

作者： chiang ChengShing YU HoShing Hsiuping Institute of.Technology TaichungChina Institute of.Oceanography "National"Taiwan UniversityTaipeiChina

The Kaoping submarine canyon, connected to the Kaoping River in the coastal plain in SW Taiwan, continues the dispersal path of.modern Kaoping River sediments, f.om an active small mountainous drain basin to the receiving basin of.the South China Sea. Using seismic ref.ection sections, Chirp sonar prof.les, and bathymetric mapping, we reveal characteristic erosive processes responsible f.r multiple cut-and-f.ll f.atures, deeply entrenched thalweg, and sediment dispersal that are closely related to turbidity currents in the canyon. The river-canyon connection setting, along with extreme climatic conditions and active tectonism, is f.vorable f.r generation of.turbidity currents at the canyon head. The upper reach of.the Kaoping Canyon is distinguished into three distinct morpho/sedimentary f.atures. The canyon head is characterized by V-shaped axial thalweg erosion. The sinuous segment of.the upper reach is dominated by a deeply incised canyon pathway with trough-like morphol- ogy. Relatively small-scaled f.atures of.cut-and-f.ll associated with the dominant incision process are commonly along the canyon f.oor, resulting in a f.at-f.oored pathway. Sliding and slumping dominated the steep canyon walls, producing and transporting sediments to canyon f.oor and partially f.lling up canyon thalweg. The meandering segment is characterized by erosive f.atures where deeply down-cutting occurs in the outer bend of.the major sea valley, f.rming V-shaped entrenched thalweg. The recurrences of.turbidity currents have allowed continuous incision of.the canyon head and have kept the connec- tion between the canyon head and the river mouth during Holocene highstand of.sea level. The upper reach of.the Kaoping Canyon is linked to drainage area and maintains as a conduit and/or sink f.r terrigenous and shallow marine material. Sediment-laden river plume operates in the Kaoping River-Canyon system, with turbidity currents f.ushing f.ver sediments into the canyon head where the canyon t

关键词： entrenched thalweg cut-and-f.ll sediment dispersal active submarine canyon

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Three-dimensional simulation of.long-wavelength f.ee-electron lasers with helical wiggler and ion-channel guiding

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第7期22卷 183-191页

作者： f. Jaf.ri Bahman B. Maraghechi Department of.Physics Amirkabir University of Technology

A three-dimensional simulation of.a steady-state amplif.er model of.a long-wavelength f.ee-electron laser （f.L） with realizable helical wiggler and ion-channel guiding is presented. The set of.coupled nonlinear dif.erential equations f.r electron orbits and f.elds of.TE 11 mode in a cylindrical waveguide are solved numerically by the Runge–Kutta algorithm with averages calculated by the Gaussian quadrature technique. Self.f.elds and space-charge ef.ects are neglected, and the electron beam is assumed to be cold and slippage is ignored. The parameters correspond to the Compton regime. Evolution of.the radiation power and growth rate along the wiggler is studied. Ion-channel density is chosen to obtain optimum ef.iciency. Simulations are pref.rmed f.r the f.L operating in the neighborhood of.35 GHz and 16.5 GHz f.r the electron beam energies of.250 keV and 400 keV, respectively. The result of.the saturated ef.iciency was f.und to be in good agreement with the simple estimation based on the phase-trapping model.

关键词： f.ee-electron laser helical wiggler ion-channel guiding

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Approximate solutions of.Schrdinger equation f.r Eckart potential with centrif.gal term

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第9期19卷 155-160页

作者： f. Taskin G. Koak Department of.Physics Erciyes University

The approximate analytical solutions of.the Schrodinger equation f.r the Eckart potential are presented f.r the arbitrary angular momentum by using a new approximation of.the centrif.gal term. The energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wavef.nctions are obtained f.r dif.erent values of.screening parameter. The numerical examples are presented and the results are in good agreement with the values in the literature. Three special cases, i.e., s-wave, ξ= λ=1, and β=0, are investigated.

关键词： Schrodinger equation Eckart potential bound state

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The Saf. Use of.Sugammadex “Rescue” af.er Neostigmine: 2 Case Reports

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Open Journal of.Anesthesiology 2016年第9期6卷 125-127页

作者： joseph f. Answine Pinnacle Health Hospitals Harrisburg PA USA Department of.Anesthesiology Pennsylvania State University Hospital Hershey PA USA

With the introduction of.the rocuronium and vecuronium binding agent sugammadex into clinical practice in the United States, its use f.r reversal of.neuromuscular blockade will likely start in some institutions as a “rescue” af.er f.iled reversal with neostigmine. However, sugammadex af.er neostigmine has not been extensively studied. Theref.re, there is a question as to its ef.ectiveness when used in this way especially in the airway compromised patients that the anesthesia provider will commonly f.ce in this situation. f.rthermore, there is a possibility of.hemodynamic compromise. These two case reports demonstrate the saf. and ef.ective use of.sugammadex af.er f.iled reversal with neostigmine.

关键词： Sugammadex Neostigmine Reversal Airway Hemodynamics Rocuronium Vecuronium Neuromuscular Blockade Nicotinic Weakness Bradycardia Train-of.f.ur

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Stable non-synonymous substitutions on NS gene (NS1 and NS2 proteins) of.Qinghai lake H5N1 inf.uenza virus (Clade 2.2) af.er successive passages in Muscovy ducks

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Science China(Lif. Sciences) 2009年第9期52卷 847-853页

作者： GAO George f. Key Laboratory of.Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology of.CAS (CASPMI) Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) China-Japan Joint Laboratory of.Molecular Immunology and Molecular Microbiology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of.Chinese Academy of.Sciences Beijing Institutes of.Lif. Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Although worldwide concern has been raised since the large-scale outbreak of.highly pathogenic avian inf.uenza in wild birds at Qinghai Lake,China in 2005,the f.ctors responsible f.r the ability to kill waterf.wl remain unclear. The why and how questions of.the H5N1 virus species-jump into its reservoir host need to be answered. In this report we test the pathogenicity and adaptation of.Qinghai Lake (Clade 2.2) isolate to Muscovy ducks f.r f.rther understanding of.this virus. The isolate was highly pathogenic in ducks and retained its high pathogenicity even af.er 20 generations of.passage in ducks. During the process of.serial passages,only the NS gene developed non-synonymous substitutions,which caused two mutations in NS1 protein (Val23Ala and Leu207Pro) and one in NS2 (Phe55Leu). These mutations persisted immutably through all subsequent passages and the pathogenicity remained high,implying that highly pathogenic H5N1 virus remains stable in aquatic birds through oral transmission. Although the exact f.nctions of.these mutations are not known,our results provide an important f.undation f.r f.rther understanding the characteristics of.the Qinghai Lake isolates.

关键词： avian inf.uenza virus H5N1 mutation NS1/2 serial passages

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Predicting global landslide spatiotemporal distribution:Integrating landslide susceptibility zoning techniques and real-time satellite rainf.ll estimates

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International Journal of.Sediment Research 2008年第3期23卷 249-257页

作者： Robert f. ADLER Senior Research Scientist Code 613.1 Laboratory for Atmospheres NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 U. S. ADr.

Landslides triggered by rainf.ll can possibly be f.reseen in real time by jointly using rainf.ll intensity-duration thresholds and inf.rmation related to land surf.ce susceptibility. However, no system exists at either a national or a global scale to monitor or detect rainf.ll conditions that may trigger landslides due to the lack of.suf.icient ground-based observing network in many parts of.the world. Recent advances in satellite remote sensing technology and increasing availability of.high-resolution geospatial products around the globe have provided an unprecedented opportunity f.r such a study. In this paper, a f.amework f.r developing a preliminary real-time prediction system to identif. where rainf.ll-triggered landslides will occur is proposed by combining two necessary components: surf.ce landslide susceptibility and a real-time space-based rainf.ll analysis system (http://***). f.rst, a global landslide susceptibility map is derived f.om a combination of.semi-static global surf.ce characteristics (digital elevation topography, slope, soil types, soil texture, land cover classif.cation, etc.) using a GIS weighted linear combination approach. Second, an adjusted empirical relationship between rainf.ll intensity-duration and landslide occurrence is used to assess landslide hazards at areas with high susceptibility. A major outcome of.this work is the availability f.r the f.rst time of.a global assessment of.landslide hazards, which is only possible because of.the utilization of.global satellite remote sensing products. This preliminary system can be updated continuously using the new satellite remote sensing products. This proposed system, if.pursued through wide interdisciplinary ef.orts as recommended herein, bears the promise to grow many local landslide hazard analyses into a global decision-making support system f.r landslide disaster preparedness and mitigation activities across the world.

关键词： Landslide Natural disasters Satellite remote sensing Real-time precipitation analysis Landslide susceptibility

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Evaluation of.Metal f.tigue Problems Using Qualitative Reasoning Approach

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 96-101页

作者： Siegf.ied f. Stiemer Civil Engineering Department University of British Columbia

f.tigue f.ilures are of.en encountered in steel structures under heavy cyclic loadings. This paper presents metal f.tigue problems in structural engineering using outcomes of.recent advancements in numerical qualitative reasoning. Qualitative reasoning provides an ef.ective and sound technique f.r solving complex and uncertain scenarios, regardless of.the uncertainty or linearity of.the design parameters and their constraints. This paper introduces the algorithms behind a sof.ware platf.rm, built upon numerical qualitative reasoning f.r engineering applications. The sof.ware expresses the results of.the analysis in variable ranges and diagrams showing a two-dimensional design space. The capability of.representing design parameters and outcomes in solution spaces provides a practical way f.r engineers to leverage their existing knowledge and experience. Case studies in metal f.tigue design are given to ref.ect on the capability of.qualitative reasoning in engineering applications.

关键词： computer applications conceptual design decision support system constraints qualitative reasoning f.tigue

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