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Direct radiative forcing of urban aerosols over Pretoria(25.75°S, 28.28°E) using AERONET Sunphotometer data:First scientific results and environmental impact

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第12期26卷 2459-2474页

作者： Ayodele joseph Adesina Kanike Raghavendra Kumar Venkataraman Sivakumar Derek Griffith Discipline of Physics School of Chemistry and Physics College of Agriculture Engineering and Science Westville CampusUniversity of Kwa Zulu–Natal Durban 4000 South Africa Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration School of Atmospheric PhysicsNanjing University of Information Science and Technology Optronic Sensor Systems Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)–DPSS Pretoria 0001 South Africa

The present study uses the data collected from Cimel Sunphotometer of Aerosol Robotic Network（AERONET） for the period from January to December, 2012 over an urban site,Pretoria（PTR; 25.75°S, 28.28°E, 1449 m above sea level）, South Africa. we found that monthly mean aerosol optical depth（AOD, τa） exhibits two maxima that occurred in summer（February） and winter（August） having values of 0.36 ± 0.19 and 0.25 ± 0.14,respectively, high-to-moderate values in spring and thereafter, decreases from autumn with a minima in early winter（June） 0.12 ± 0.07. The Angstrom exponents（α440–870） likewise,have its peak in summer（January） 1.70 ± 0.21 and lowest in early winter（June） 1.38 ± 0.26,while the columnar water vapor（CwV） followed AOD pattern with high values（summer） at the beginning of the year（February, 2.10 ± 0.37 cm） and low values（winter） in the middle of the year（July, 0.66 ± 0.21 cm）. The volume size distribution（VSD） in the fine-mode is higher in the summer and spring seasons, whereas in the coarse mode the VSD is higher in the winter and lower in the summer due to the hygroscopic growth of aerosol *** single scattering albedo（SSA） ranged from 0.85 to 0.96 at 440 nm over PTR for the entire study period. The averaged aerosol radiative forcing（ARF） computed using SBDART model at the top of the atmosphere（TOA） was- 8.78 ± 3.1 w/m2, while at the surface it was- 25.69 ± 8.1 w/m2 leading to an atmospheric forcing of ＋ 16.91 ± 6.8 w/m2, indicating significant heating of the atmosphere with a mean of 0.47 K/day.

关键词： Pretoria AERONET Aerosol optical depth Single scattering albedo Radiative forcing

AN ANALYSIS OF THE OXYGEN BALANCE IN AN ANOXIC TIDAL RIVER

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 1994年第4期6卷 83-92页

作者： joseph H. w. Lee, K. w. Choi (Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Hong Kong)Chen Hui-guo Lin Ming-he(Environmental Sciences Research Centre, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China) Department of Civil and Structural Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Environmental Sciences Research Centre Zhong.shan University Guangzhou 510275 China

A time-dependent, mixed-segment, slack tide oxygen balance model has been developed for the study of a heavily polluted tidal river discharging to a coastal *** and reaeration, BOD settling, benthal demand, freshwater flushing, and tidal mixing are the key processes modelled. Significant features of the model include the oxygen balance formulation under anoxic conditions and the tidal exchange condition at the seaward boundary. The simple model enables a clear and consistent interpretation of a set of dry season water quality data and an assessment of the assimilative capacity of the river is also made.

关键词： tidal river coastal bay water quality oxygen balance.

Safety of high-carbohydrate fluid diet 2 h versus overnight fasting before non-emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography:A single-blind,multicenter,randomized controlled trial

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第12期137卷 1437-1446页

作者： wenbo Meng joseph w.Leung Zhenyu wang Qiyong Li Leida Zhang Kai Zhang Xuefeng wang Meng wang Qi wang Yingmei Shao Jijun Zhang Ping Yue Lei Zhang Kexiang Zhu Xiaoliang Zhu Hui Zhang Senlin Hou Kailin Cai Hao Sun Ping Xue wei Liu Haiping wang Li Zhang Songming Ding Zhiqing Yang Ming Zhang Hao weng Qingyuanwu Bendong Chen Tiemin Jiang Yingkai wang Lichao Zhang Ke wu Xue Yang Zilong wen Chun Liu LongMiao Zhengfeng wang Jiajia Li Xiaowen Yan Fangzhao wang Lingen Zhang Mingzhen Bai Ningning Mi XianzhuoZhang wence Zhou Jinqiu Yuan Azumi Suzuki Kiyohito Tanaka Jiankang Liu Ula Nur Elisabete weiderpass Xun Li Department of General Surgery The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province LanzhouGansu 730000China Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UC Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCA 95816USA Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery Tianjin Nankai HospitalTianjin 300100China Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department of SurgeryShulan(Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310000China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Southwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400000China Hepatobiliary Surgery Department Shandong Provincial Third HospitalJinanShandong 250000China Department of General Surgery Xinhua HospitalAffiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease ResearchShanghai 200000China Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin 130000China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanNingxia 750000China Department of Hepatobiliary&Hydatid Digestive and Vascular Surgery CenterXinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis and Liver Surgery ResearchThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiang 830000China Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi 030000China Department of General Surgery The Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China Department of Biliopancreatic Endoscopic Surgery The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei 050000China Gastrointestinal Surgery Department Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430000China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710000China Depart

Background:Although overnight fasting is recommended prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),the benefits and safety of high-carbohydrate fluid diet(CFD)intake 2 h before ERCP remain *** study aimed to analyze whether high-CFD intake 2 h before ERCP can be safe and accelerate patients’***:This prospective,multicenter,randomized controlled trial involved 15 tertiary ERCP centers.A total of 1330 patients were randomized into CFD group(n=665)and fasting group(n=665).The CFD group received 400 mL of maltodextrin orally 2 h before ERCP,while the control group abstained from food/water overnight(>6 h)before *** ERCP procedures were performed using deep sedation with intravenous *** investigators were blinded but not the *** primary outcomes included postoperative fatigue and abdominal pain score,and the secondary outcomes included complications and changes in metabolic *** outcomes were analyzed according to a modified intention-to-treat ***:The post-ERCP fatigue scores were significantly lower at 4 h(4.1±2.6 vs.4.8±2.8,t=4.23,Pwith least-squares mean differences of 0.48(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.26-0.71,Pwith a least-squares mean difference of 0.21[95%CI:0.05-0.37])and positive urine ketone levels(7.7%[39/509]vs.15.4%[82/533],χ^(2)=15.13,Pwere lower in the CFD *** CFD group had significantly less cholangitis(2.1%[13/634]vs.4.0%[26/658],χ^(2)=3.99,P=0.046)but not pancreatitis(5.5%[35/634]vs.6.5%[43/658],χ^(2)=0.59,P=0.444).Subgroup analysis revealed that CFD reduced the incidence of complications in patients with native papilla(odds ratio[OR]:0.61,95%CI:0.39-0.95,P=0.028)in the multivariable ***:Ingesting 400 mL of CFD 2 h before ERCP is safe,with a reduction in post-ERCP fatigue,

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERCP Carbohydrate Fasting Safety Complications Enhanced recovery after surgery Randomized controlled trial

Feasibility of electric two and three-wheelers in Africa

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2023年第4期2卷 13-27页

作者： Godwin Kafui Ayetor Innocent Mbonigaba joseph Mashele Department of Mechanical Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana The Brew-Hammond Energy Centre KNUSTKumasiGhana Department of Mechanical Engineering Rwanda Polytechnic/Integrated Polytechnic Regional CollegeKigaliRwanda University of South Africa South Africa National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications South Africa

Due to the less stringent emission technology requirement,motorized two and three-wheelers(2&3w)generate more pollutants than *** 20%of the world's registered motorcycles are known to be in *** pollution is one of the major causes of death and health problems in *** electrification of transportation provides an opportunity for E2&3w in *** assess this transition,this study quantifies the number of E2&3w present in some African *** of electric vehicle start-ups,drivers,and owner experiences are used to determine the E2&3w's technical feasibility and ability to compete with petrol scooters(p-scooters).SimaPro 9.4 software together with Ecoinvent 3.8 database was used to conduct a cradle-to-the-grave analysis of the environmental impact of using electric scooters(e-scooters).The research found that Africa's E2&3w's have a 0.2%market share compared to gasoline *** main disadvantage of e-scooters is their limited range and battery *** average range and speed are 50 km and 50 km/h,*** of E2&3w caused damage to traction motors and was of major concern to *** main advantages of E2&3w are their low operating costs and low environmental *** South Africa,the total environmental impact of e-scooters outweighed that of *** that have a direct impact on human health,were significantly lower for e-scooters than for *** lack of battery performance standards,battery swapping station standards,and charging station standards negatively affects the quality of imported *** countries need to implement electric vehicle standards,and battery recycling policies,and establish electric vehicle training and research centers.

关键词： E-mobility Electric vehicle Africa Electric two wheelers Electric three wheelers

POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES FROM SUPERCRITICAL CO_2 MICROEMULSION POLYMERIZATION

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第1期24卷 95-101页

作者： wei-jun Ye Jason S. Keiper joseph M. DeSimone NSF Science and Technology Center for Environmentally Responsible Solvents and Processes Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB# 3290 Venable Hall Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA Department of Chemical Engineering North Carolina State University P. O. Box 7905 Raleigh NC 27695-7905 USA

Herein, we reported the microemulsion polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide. with the aid of an anionic phosphate fluorosurfactant （bis-[2-（F-hexyl）ethyl]phosphate sodium）, water-soluble/CO2-insoluble acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride monomer and N,N＇-methylene-bisacrylamide cross-linker were solubilized into CO2 continuous phase via the formation of water-in-CO2 （w/c） microemulsion water pools. Initiated by a CO2-soluble initiator, 2,2＇-azo-bisisobutyronitrile （AIBN）, cross-linked poly（acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride） particles were produced and stabilized in these w/c internal water pools. Nano-sized particles with sizes less than 20 nm in diameter and narrow particle size distributions were obtained.

关键词： Supercritical carbon dioxide Nanoparticles Microemulsion polymerization.

Heat Capacity and Bond Dissociation Energy Calculations of Some Fluorinated Ethanol’s and its Radicals: CH3-xCH2FxOH, CH3CH2-xFxOH

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2021年第2期11卷 13-53页

作者： Hebah M. Abdel-wahab joseph w. Bozzelli Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA

Structures and thermochemical properties of these species were determined by the gaussian M-062x/6-31 + g (d, p) calculation enthalpies of formation for 19 fluorinated ethanol and some radicals were calculated with a popular Ab initio and density functional theory methods: The gaussian M-062x/6-31 + g (d, p) via several series of isodesmic reactions. Entropies (S298°K

关键词： Thermo-Chemistry Enthalpy Fluorinated Ethanol’s Thermochemical Properties

Anti-tumor response induced by immunologically modified carbon nanotubes and laser irradiation using rat mammary tumor model

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2015年第4期8卷 97-104页

作者： joseph T.Acquaviva III Cody F.Bahavar Feifan Zhou Xiaosong Li Eric w.Howard Liz C.Bullen Ricardo P.Silvy wei R.Chen Biophotonics Research Laboratory Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research University of Central Oklahoma EdmondOklahoma 73034USA South west Nano Technologies NormanOklahoma 73071USA Department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital Fucheng Road 51 BeijingP.R.China University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 940 Stanton.L.Young Blvd. BMSB Rm.513 Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73104USA

The ideal treatment modality for metastatic cancer would be a local treatment that can destroy primary tumors while inducing an effective systemic anti-tumor *** this end,we de-veloped laser immunotherapy,combining photothermal laser application with an immunoadju-vant for the treatment of metastatic ***,to enhance the selective photothermal effect,we integrated light-absorbing nanomaterials into this innovative ***,we developed an immunologically modified carbon nanotube combining single-walled carbon nanotubes(SwNTs)with the immunoadjuvant glycated chitosan(GC).To determine the ef-fectiveness of laser iradiation,a series of experiments were performed using two different irra-diation durations-5 and 10 *** were inoculated with DMBA-4 cancer cells,a metastatic cancer cell *** treatment group of rats receiving laser irradiation for 10 min had a 50%long-term survival rate without residual primary or metastatic *** treatment group of rats receiving laser irradiation for 5 min had no long-term survivors;all rats died with multiple metastases at several distant ***,Laser+SwNT-GC treatment with 10 min of laser irradiation proved to be efective at reducing tumor size and inducing long-term anti-tumor immunity.

关键词： Anti-tumor immune response laser immunotherapy single-walled carbon nanotubes glycated chitosan laser irradiation

Switchgrass Biochar Effects on Plant Biomass and Microbial Dynamics in Two Soils from Different Regions

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Pedosphere 2015年第3期25卷 329-342页

作者： Charlene N.KELLY Francisco C.CALDERóN Verónica ACOSTA-MARTíNEZ Maysoon M.MIKHA joseph BENJAMIN David w.RUTHERFORD Colleen E.ROSTAD western Carolina University Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources331 Stillwell HallCullowheeNC 28723 (USA) U.S.Geological Survey Denver CO 80225 (USA) USDA-ARS Akron CO 80720 (USA) USDA-ARS Lubbock TX 79403 (USA)

Biochar amendments to soils may alter soil function and fertility in various ways, including through induced changes in the microbial community. we assessed microbial activity and community composition of two distinct clayey soil types, an Aridisol from Colorado （CO） in the U.S. Central Great Plains, and an Alfisol from Virginia （VA） in the southeastern USA following the application of switchgrass （Panicum virgatum） biochar. The switchgrass biochar was applied at four levels, 0%,0, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, approximately equivalent to biochar additions of 0, 25, 50, and 100 t ha^-1, respectively, to the soils grown with wheat （Triticum aestivum） in an eight-week growth chamber experiment. we measured wheat shoot biomass and nitrogen （N） content and soil nutrient availability and N mineralization rates, and characterized the microbial fatty acid methyl ester （FAME） profiles of the soils. Net N mineralization rates decreased in both soils in proportion to an increase in biochar levels, but the effect was more marked in the VA soil, where net N mineralization decreased from -2.1 to -38.4 mg kg^-1. The 10% biochar addition increased soil pH, electrical conductivity, Mehlich- and bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus （P）, and extractable potassium （K） in both soil types. The wheat shoot biomass decreased from 17.7 to 9.1 g with incremental additions of biochar in the CO soil, but no difference was noted in plants grown in the VA soil. The FAME recovery assay indicated that the switchgrass biochar addition could introduce artifacts in analysis, so the results needed to be interpreted with caution. Non-corrected total FAME concentrations indicated a decline by 457o and 34% with 10% biochar addition in the CO and VA soils, respectively, though these differences became nonsignificant when the extraction efficiency correction factor was applied. A significant decline in the fungi：bacteria ratio was still evident upon correction in the CO soil with biochar. Switchgrass biochar had the p

关键词： correction factor extraction efficiency fatty acid methyl ester profile nitrogen mineralization soil microbial community soil nutrient availability wheat

Mental health status in veterans residing in rural versus non-rural areas: results from the veterans’ health study

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 79-89页

作者： joseph J.Boscarino Charles R.Figley Richard E.Adams Thomas G.Urosevich H.Lester Kirchner joseph A.Boscarino Clinical Psychology Department William James CollegeNewtonMA 02459USA School of Social work Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112USA Department of Sociology Kent State UniversityKentOH 44242USA Ophthalmology Service Geisinger ClinicMount PoconoPA 18344USA Department of Population Health Sciences Geisinger Clinic100 N.Academy Avenue44-00DanvillePA 17822USA

Background: The majority of Veterans Affair(VA) hospitals are in urban areas. we examined whether veterans residing in rural areas have lower mental health service use and poorer mental health ***: Veterans with at least 1 warzone deployment in central and northeastern Pennsylvania were randomly selected for an interview. Mental health status, including posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD), major depression, alcohol abuse and mental health global severity, were assessed using structured interviews. Psychiatric service use was based on self-reported utilization in the past 12 months. Results were compared between veterans residing in rural and non-rural areas. Data were also analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to minimize the influence by confounding ***: A total of 1730 subjects(55% of the eligible veterans) responded to the survey and 1692 of them had complete geocode information. Those that did not have this information(n=38), were excluded from some analyses. Veterans residing in rural areas were older, more often of the white race, married, and experienced fewer stressful events. In comparison to those residing in non-rural areas, veterans residing in rural areas had lower global mental health severity scores;they also had fewer mental health visits. In multivariate logistic regression, rural residence was associated with lower service use, but not with PTSD, major depression, alcohol abuse, and global mental health severity score after adjusting confounding factors(e.g., age, gender, marital status and education).Conclusions: Rural residence is associated with lower mental health service use, but not with poor mental health in veterans with former warzone deployment, suggesting rural residence is possibly protective.

关键词： Veterans Rural Risk factors PTSD Alcohol abuse Depression Service use Census data