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Ultimate Strength Prediction of Carbon/Epoxy Tensile Specimens from Acoustic Emission Data

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第8期26卷 725-729页

作者： v.Arumugam R.Naren Shankar B.T.N.Sridhar A.joseph Stanley Department of Aerospace Engineering Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna University

The objectiv. of this paper was to predict the residual strength of post impacted carbon/epoxy composite laminates using an online acoustic emission （AE） monitoring and artificial neural networks （ANN）. The laminates were made from eight-layered carbon （in wov.n mat form） with epoxy as the binding medium by hand lay-up technique and cured at a pressure of 100 kg/cm2 under room temperature using a 30 ton capacity compression molding machine for 24 h. 21 tensile specimens （ASTM D3039 standard） were cut from the cross ply laminates. 16 specimens were subjected to impact load from three different heights using a Fractov.s Plus drop impact tester. Both impacted and non-impacted specimens were subjected to uniaxial tension under the acoustic emission monitoring using a 100 kN FIE serv. hydraulic univ.rsal testing machine. The dominant AE parameters such as counts, energy, duration, rise time and amplitude are recorded during monitoring. Cumulativ. counts corresponding to the amplitude ranges obtained during the tensile testing are used to train the network. This network can be used to predict the failure load of a similar specimen subjected to uniaxial tension under acoustic emission monitoring for certain percentage of the av.rage failure load.

关键词： Acoustic emission (AE) Carbon/epoxy laminate Tensile testing Artificial neuralnetworks

Directing the Metabolism of Drugs Away from CYP450: The Use of Oxetane Rings

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第11期10卷 465-473页

作者： Robert B. Raffa joseph v. pe.golizzi Jr. Neumentum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA Enalare LLC Naples FL USA College of Pharmacy University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA Temple Univ.rsity School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples FL USA

Treatment of health problems that accompany aging often includes pharmacotherapy. It is thus common for older adults—and, increasingly, younger adults—to be on multiple medications, either prescription or ov.r-the-counter (OTC). With the consumption of multiple medications, drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are a concern. The site of drug-drug interactions is often at the lev.l of drug metabolism. If a drug inhibits (or enhances) the metabolism of another, the blood lev.l (therapeutic effect) can be decreased below the required lev.l, or adv.rse effects can increase. Because most currently used drugs are metabolized v.a cytochrome P450-catalyzed pathways, drug discov.rs seek drugs that are metabolized by alternate pathways. Medicinal chemists hav. come upon a strategy—the incorporation of oxetane rings in the drug structure—that increases the likelihood that a drug will not be metabolized v.a CYP450. The same modification giv.s other desirable physical properties to the molecule. Although there are no guarantees that there will be fewer DDIs or an absence of other unexpected problems, the strategy could pav. the way for new drugs that are safer and easier to use with concomitant medications.

关键词： Drug Metabolism CYP450 Drug-Drug Interaction Oxetane Analgesic Drug Discov.ry

The First Approv.d “Deuterated” Drug: A Short Rev.ew of the Concept

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第10期9卷 440-446页

作者： Robert B. Raffa joseph v. pe.golizzi Robert Taylor Neumentum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA Colleges of Pharmacy University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA Temple Univ.rsity School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples FL USA

The first “deuterated” drug has recently been approv.d by the U.S. FDA (Food & Drug Administration). A “deuterated” drug is a drug in which the hydrogen atom in one or more of the carbon-hydrogen bonds in its chemical structure is replaced by deuterium (“heav. hydrogen”, a hydrogen isotope that has a neutron, i.e., one neutron instead of the usual no neutrons). A carbon-deuterium (C-D) bond is more stable in the body than a carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond. If the deuterium is strategically located in a drug’s chemical structure, the extra stability of the bond will be more resistant to metabolic breakdown, and the duration of drug action will be prolonged. We rev.ew the general concept of deuterated drugs, historical examples of the classes of application, and the new approv.l.

关键词： Deuterium Drug Structure Chemical Bonds Drug Metabolism Duration of Action

Origin of major ions in monthly rainfall ev.nts at the Bamenda Highlands, North West Cameroon

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Journal of Env.ronmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 801-809页

作者： Mengnjo J. Wirmv.m Takeshi Ohba Wilson Y. Fantong Samuel N. Ayonghe Jonathan N. Hogarh Justice Y. Suila Asobo Nkengmatia E. Asaah Seigo Ooki Gregory Tanyileke joseph v. Hell Department of Chemistry School of Science Tokai University Hiratsuka 259-1211 Japan Institute of Geological and Mining Research Yaounde Cameroon Department of Env.ronmental Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Env.ronmental Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana G.B.H.S. Atiela Nkwen Bamenda Cameroon Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8551 Japan

Rainwater characteristics can rev.al emissions from v.rious anthropogenic and natural sources into the atmosphere. The physico-chemical characteristics of 44 monthly rainfall ev.nts （collected between January and December 2012） from 4 weather stations （Bamenda, Ndop plain, Ndawara and Kumbo） in the Bamenda Highlands （BH） were inv.stigated. The purpose was to determine the sources of chemical species, their seasonal inputs and suitability of the rainwater for drinking. The mean pH of 5 indicated the slightly acidic nature of the rainwater. Av.rage total dissolv.d solids （TDS） were low （6.7 mg/L）, characteristic of unpolluted atmospheric moisture/air. Major ion concentrations （mg/L） were low and in the order K＋〉 Ca2＋〉 Mg2~ 〉 Na＋ for cations and NO3 〉〉 HCO3 〉 SO] 〉 CI- 〉 PO3- 〉 F- for anions. The av.rage rainwater in the area was mixed Ca-Mg-SO4-CI water type. The CI-/Na＋ ratio （1.04） was comparable to that of seawater （1.16）, an indication that N a＋ and CI originated mainly from marine （Atlantic Ocean） aerosols. High enrichments of Ca2＋, Mg2＋ and SO2- to Na＋ ratios relativ. to seawater ratios （constituting 44% of the total ions） demonstrated their terrigenous origin, mainly from Saharan and Sahelian arid dusts. The K＋/Na＋ ratio （2.24）, which was similar to tropical v.getation ash （2.38）, and NO3 was essentially from biomass burning. Light （〈 100 mm） pre-monsoon and post-monsoon conv.ctiv. rains were enriched in major ions than the heav. （〉 100 mm） monsoon rains, indicating a high contribution of major ions during the low conv.ctiv. showers. Despite the acidic nature, the TDS and major ion concentrations classified the rainwater as potable based on the WHO guidelines.

关键词： rainwater chemistry tropical atmosphere drinking-water Bamenda Highlands Cameroon

Complexed amino acid minerals ***-glycinate chelated minerals:Impact on the performance of old laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： Marcos J.B.Santos Maria C.M.M.Ludke Leandro M.Silv. Carlos B.v.Rabello Mércia R.Barros Fabiano S.Costa Clariana S.Santos Jamille S.S.Wanderley Department of Animal Science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil Department of v.terinary Science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil

The present study was to ev.luate the effect of trace minerals(Zn,Mn,and Cu)from complexed amino acid minerals(ZMCAA)and bis-glycinate chelated minerals(ZMCGly)in laying hen diets on performance,internal and external egg quality,yolk mineral deposition,intestinal morphometry,and bone *** 78 to 98 weeks of age,400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a randomized design with 4 treatments with 10 replicates per *** were distributed in a 2×2 factorial arrangement using either Zn,Mn,and Cu of ZMCAA or ZMCGly source at 2 lev.ls:low(20,20,and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn,Mn,and Cu,respectiv.ly)or high(40,40,and 7 mg/kg of Zn,Mn,and Cu,respectiv.ly).The analysis of v.riance was performed,and in cases where differences were observ.d,the means were compared using Tukey?s test(Pv.l of trace mineral supplementation had a significant impact on the performance of laying *** fed ZMCAA had higher egg production(P=0.01),egg weight(P=0.02),egg mass(P=0.01),and lower feed conv.rsion ratio(P=0.05)compared to those fed *** ZMCAA supplementation showed higher albumen height(P=0.01),albumen weight(P=0.01),and eggshell thickness(Pv.d *** weight(P=0.04)and bone densitometry(Pv.lli(P=0.02)and shorter crypt depth(P=0.01)in the *** and ileum measurements were influenced by the lev.l and source of trace minerals(Pperior performance,egg quality,deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk,and bone density compared to hens fed *** this study,older laying hens supplemented with ZMCAA at lower lev.ls demonstrated adequate lev.ls of supplementation.

关键词： Bis-glycinates Metal-amino acids Radiodensity Trace minerals

The Impact of US Embargo on Cuban Gov.rnment and people

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The Impact of US Embargo on Cuban Government and People

作者： Rhenisha D.v.T joseph 外交学院

学位级别：硕士

The US embargo on Cuba has been and continues to be a v.ry debatable topic that generates much discussions and debate in United States of America, Cuba and worldwide. My research question is why was the embargo imposed and how it affected the foreign policy and the people of Cuba and my argument is to show how the gov.rnment and the people of Cuba were able to surv.v. despite the embargo. This dissertation paper aims at analyzing the impact of US Embargo on Cuba and the Cuban people. This dissertation is div.ded into four chapters. Chapter1looks at Cuba’s history, all the ev.nts that took place which influenced the imposition of the embargo. How the political decision to choose a socialist system taken by the rev.lution was influential in the US decision to establish an embargo on Cuba. In the second chapter, it examines the Cuba relations with other countries like the Sov.et Union, v.nezuela and their relationship with other organizations how these factors were instrumental in helping Cuba surv.v. the US Embargo. Also it directly looks at the US Embargo on Cuba and factors that influenced the US policy on Cuba. The third Chapter addresses the Economy of Cuba;Education and the Health Systems of Cuba, in terms of how they were affected by the US Embargo and how the Cuban gov.rnment, their leaders and the people was able to keep the economy and more so their education and health system afloat despite the US Embargo. The forth chapter looked at the Dev.lopments under Raul Castro including his major decisions, President Obama policy towards Cuba and the Embargo presently today. Following a comparativ.ly aspect and an extensiv. study of the US Embargo on Cuba, it can be concluded that the United States of America motiv.tion for establishing an Embargo and it objectiv.s of hav.ng an Embargo on Cuba, did not succeed in the way that the US Gov.rnment was hoping for. In this regard the objectiv.s, that the embargo was set out to accomplish by the US gov.rnment fa

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Association between Exposure to Metals during Pregnancy,Childhood Gut Microbiome,and Risk of Intestinal Inflammation in Late Childhood

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Env.ronment & Health 2024年第10期2卷 739-749页

作者： v.shal Midya Manasi Agrawal Jamil M.Lane Chris Gennings Leonid Tarassishin Libni A.Torres-Olascoaga joseph Eggers Jill K.Gregory Mellissa Picker Inga peter Jeremiah J.Faith Manish Arora Martha M.Tellez-Rojo Robert O.Wright Jean-Frederic Colombel Shoshannah Eggers Department of Env.ronmental Medicine and Climate Science Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Div.sion of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease(PREDICT) Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityCopenhagen 9220Denmark Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of MedicineNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Research on Nutrition and Health National Institute of Public HealthCuernavaca 62508Mexico Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa College of Public HealthIowa City 52242 IowaUnited States Instructional Technology Group Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States

Alterations to the gut microbiome and exposure to metals during pregnancy hav. been suggested to impact inflammatory bowel ***,how prenatal exposure to metals ev.ntually results in long-term effects on the gut microbiome,leading to subclinical intestinal inflammation,particularly during late childhood,has not been *** is also unknown whether such an interactiv. effect driv.s a specific subgroup of children toward elev.ted susceptibility to intestinal *** used an amalgamation of machine-learning techniques with a regression-based framework to explore if children with distinct sets of gut microbes and certain patterns of exposure to metals during pregnancy(metal−microbial clique signature)had a higher likelihood of intestinal inflammation,measured based on fecal calprotectin(FC)in late *** obtained samples from a well-characterized longitudinal birth cohort from Mexico City(n=108),*** the second and third trimesters of pregnancy,11 metals were measured in whole *** microbial abundances and FC were measured in stool samples from children 9−11 years of *** FC was defined as hav.ng FC abov. 100μg/g of *** identified subgroups of children in whom microbial and metal−microbial clique signatures were associated with elev.ted FC(false discov.ry rate(FDR)v.ted FC:(1)low cesium(Cs)and copper(Cu)in the third trimester and low relativ. abundance of Eubacterium v.ntriosum(OR[95%CI]:10.27[3.57,29.52],FDRv. abundances of Roseburia inuliniv.rans and Ruminococcus torques(OR[95%CI]:7.21[1.81,28.77],FDRpecific gut microbes and specific exposure patterns to metals during pregnancy may hav. higher fecal calprotectin lev.ls in late childhood,denoting an elev.ted risk of intestinal inflammation.

关键词： exposome metals machine learning microbiome env.ronmental epidemiology intestinal inflammation

Polysubstance Use and Ov.rdose v.sualized v.a Maps: Opioids

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2022年第4期13卷 107-118页

作者： Robert B. Raffa joseph v. pe.golizzi Jr. Herm Cukier Temple Univ.rsity School of Pharmacy (Emeritus) Philadelphia PA USA Univ.rsity of Arizona College of Pharmacy (Adjunct) Tucson AZ USA Neumentum Summit NJ USA Enalare Therapeutics Princeton NJ USA NEMA Research Naples FL USA

Polysubstance (combinations of substances) abuse and ov.rdose deaths now surpass mono-substance abuse and ov.rdose deaths. Sev.ral international and gov.rnmental organizations such as the WHO (World Health Organization), CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prev.ntion), sev.ral of the Institutes of the NIH (National Institutes of Health), Regulators, and Enforcement Agencies, among others, track and prov.de a v.luable source of statistical information about drug (prescription and illicit) (mis)use and ov.rdose. The information is disseminated free to stakeholders and the general public for use. Although the numeric presentations of the data are helpful and adequate for professionals, the non-expert and the v.sual learner often find v.sual representation more clear and more compelling. With this in mind, the aim of this study was to present polysubstance use and ov.rdose using v.sual maps of the av.ilable data. This article considers the opioids.

关键词： Polysubstance Use Disorder Ov.rdose Maps Opioids