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A Comparative Structural Study of Southern Region Shallow Basement of the North-Kivu Province (DR Congo) by Gravity and Magnetic Data Analysis

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第9期11卷 90-117页

作者： Albert Mbata Muliwavyo Jonathan Musitu Muliwavyo Lumière Musitu Jean-marie Joackim Hangi Vuvuya Kataka Jean-marie Tshitenge Mbuebue Clément N’Zau Umba-Di-Mbudi Mention Physics Faculty of Science and Technology University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Mention Geosciences Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Geo-Hydro-Energy Research Group Faculty of Science and Technology University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Polytechnic President Joseph Kasa-Vubu State University Boma Democratic Republic of the Congo

The aim of this study is to characterize the subsoil in the southern region of the North-Kivu province (DR Congo). Gravity and geomagnetic data were used in this study. Five different filters—the horizontal gradient magnitude, the analytic signal, the tilt derivative, the horizontal derivative of tilt derivative and the tilt angle of horizontal gradient—enabled us to delineate the gravity and magnetic anomaly sources present in the shallow subsurface of the study area. The plains of the Rutshuru territory are dominated by sources of weak gravity anomalies and sources of very weak magnetic anomalies located almost in the same places. The southern part of Rutshuru territory and a large part of Masisi territory are underlain by shallow sources of high gravity and magnetic anomalies. Gravity and magnetic anomaly sources are almost identical in the study area. The shallow sources of gravity and magnetic anomalies encountered in our study area are more or less linear and connected. The numerous gravity and magnetic lineaments present in our study region have three major directions: oriented East-West, North-South and North-East-South-West.

关键词： Gravity Geomagnetic Analytic Signal Tilt Derivative Horizontal Gradient

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Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Misoprostol and Oxytocin Im in the Prevention of Post-Partum haemorrhage in a Low-Resource Setting

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第5期13卷 983-996页

作者： De-joseph Kakisingi Mibi Olivier Nyakio Éloge Ilunga Mbaya Dieudonné Kakusu marie Constance Nguru Musese Julien Bwama Botalatala Omari Mukanga Tina Ndala Kasongo Gabrio Zacchè Dieudonné Sengeyi Mushengezi Amani Mary T. White Mary Joséphine O’Sullivan Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Panzi General Referral Hospital Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Departement of Medicine and Public Health Evangelical University in Africa Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Statistics Panzi General Referral Hospital Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Saint Vincent Hospital Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma Parma Italy Medical Humanities Boonschoft School of Medicine Wright State University Dayton USA School of Nursing & Health Studies University of Miami Coral-Gable USA

Background: In developing countries, postpartum hemorrhage is responsible for 30% of maternal deaths. Although the World Health Organization recommends the use of oxytocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage, the use of misoprostol is increasingly common. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of postpartum hemorrhage in parturients delivering at Saint-Vincent Hospital and to compare the effectiveness of misoprostol use versus oxytocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage. Material and Methods: We conducted a comparative longitudinal study at the Saint Vincent Hospital comparing 10 units of intramuscular oxytocin with 600 micrograms of sublingual misoprostol. The study was conducted from 01 January 2017 to 31 December 2019, a period of 3 years. The study population consisted of 2161 consenting women. Of these, 1289 received 10 IU of intramuscular oxytocin and 872 received 600 micrograms of misoprostol. The collected data were entered using Microsoft Excel 2013 and analysed using SPSS version 21 software. Results: The frequency of administration of Misoprostol and oxytocin in parturients was 40.4% and 59.6% respectively in this study. One hundred and fourteen cases of postpartum hemorrhage (114/2161 or 5.3%) were noted among the parturients. The average age of parturients who received oxytocin was 24.36 ± 4.45 years vs 24.63 ± 5.11 years among parturients who received Misoprostol;(p = 0.190). The mean parity was 2.52 ± 1.46 vs 2.66 ± 1.44;(p = 0.020). We noted a high proportion (78.3%) of postpartum hemorrhage from the oxytocin group vs. 21.7% from the Misoprostol group (OR 2.5-fold), with a statistically significant difference (p 0.001). We noted high proportions of uterine atony (92.3%) from the oxytocin group vs 7.7% from the Misoprostol group (p = 0.004). Uterine atony was the actual factor associated with postpartum hemorrhage (OR = 10.0895% CI: 1.78 - 57.10;p = 0.009). Conclusion: Misoprostol 600 Microgram administered sublingually im

关键词： Misoprostol Oxytocin Postpartum Hemorrhage Saint-Vincent Hospital

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Food Behavior of Pupils in the City of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第2期8卷 134-140页

作者： Té né Marceline Yamé ogo Bazoumana Coulibali Aimé e Senkaye-Lagom Kissou Issiaka Sombié Carole Gilberte Kyelem Mireille marie D. Tapsoba Alassane Ilboudo Omar Guira Djingri Lankoandé Abraham Bagbila Marina Birba Macaire Sampawindé Oué draogo Youssouf joseph Drabo INSSA University Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso CHU Souro Sanon Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso UFR-SDS University Joseph Ki Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Diet is a determinant of chronic non transmissible diseases. The aim of this study was to describe pupils’ diet in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from March to April 2016, among 1st, 4th and 7th form pupils of public and private schools in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. Diet survey methods were a reminder of the last 24 hours and the questionnaire of consumption frequency. Results: A total of 1993 pupils were surveyed. The mean age was 17.5 ± 3.6 years and the sex ratio 0.7. The majority of pupils (90.5%) reported eating at least 3 meals a day. Dietary recommendations were different according to food groups. For example, vegetables (90.0%), fruits (75.4%) and dairy products (79.3%) were the least well consumed foods compared to recommendations. Protein and starch intake were inadequate among these pupils with 39.7% and 58.2% respectively. Almost 1/4 had a regular weekly alcohol consumption (23.4%) while an excessive consumption of sweet drinks and fried foods was noted in 12.7% and 28.2% of them, respectively. Conclusion: This study has revealed a general insufficiency in the recommended dietary intakes of fruit, vegetables, proteins, starchy foods and dairy products among pupils, and on the other hand, a regular consumption of fatty, sugary and alcoholic foods for about a fifth of them. An intervention program such as “Communication for Continuous Behavior Change” would help improve these habits.

关键词： Food Behavior Pupils Burkina Faso

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Determinants of Fruit and Vegetables Intake among Secondary School Pupils in the City of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso): A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2018年第1期8卷 1-9页

作者： Téné Marceline Yaméogo Issiaka Sombié Carole Gilberte Kyelem Oumar Guira Djingri Lankoandé Bazoumana Coulibali Mireille marie Déborah Tapsoba Alassane Ilboudo Aimée Sankaye-Lagom Kissou Abraham Bagbila Apollinaire Sawadogo Macaire Sampawinde Ouédraogo Youssouf joseph Drabo INSSA Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso CHU Souro Sanon Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso UFR-SDS Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

According to WHO, eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day at an early age is protective against cancers, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine among secondary school pupils in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso, the level of observation of this recommendation and the associated factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to April 2016, among secondary school pupils in 1st Form, 4th Form and 7th Form of public and private secondary schools. The diet survey methods were the recalling of the last 24 hours associated with intake frequency questionnaire. An intake of less than one fruit (or a slice of a big fruit) per day and for vegetables, less than one portion of raw or cooked vegetables per day was considered insufficient. Results: A total of 1993 pupils were surveyed. The mean age was 17.5 ± 3.6 years and the sex ratio 0.7;75.4% and 90.0% of pupils had insufficient daily intake of fruit and vegetables respectively. The determinants of this consumption deficiency were: Sex (male, OR = 1.7 (1.3 - 2.2)), secondary school (public, OR = 1.6 (1.3 - 2.0)), class (4th Form, OR = 2.5 (1.5 - 4.2)/7th Form, OR = 3.7 (2.7 - 5.1)), the mother (thin build, OR = 3.2 (2.0 - 5.3)/overweight/obesity, OR = 2.8 (1.6 - 4.7)) and physical inactivity (OR = 1.5 (1.2 - 2.0)). Conclusion: The promotion of a healthy diet among secondary school pupils should take into account the type of school, sex, educational level, physical activity and mothers’ influence.

关键词： Fruit and Vegetables Intake Cardiovascular Prevention Young Subject

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Too Sweet/Too Fatty Food Consumption: Determinants among Secondary School Pupils in the City of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第2期8卷 126-133页

作者： Té né Marceline Yamé ogo Mireille marie Dé borah Tapsoba Aimé e Senkaye-Lagom Kissou Bazoumana Coulibali Issiaka Sombié Carole Gilberte Kyelem Alassane Ilboudo Omar Guira Djingri Lankoandé Abraham Bagbila Marina Birba Macaire Sampawindé Oué draogo Youssouf joseph Drabo CHU SouroSanon Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso INSSA University Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso UFR-SDS University Joseph Ki Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Nutrition, particularly when too sweet or too fatty, is a major determinant of chronic diseases. This study aims to determine the frequency and associate factors of the excessive consumption of sweet drinks and fried food among secondary school pupils. Methods: It is cross-sectional study which was conducted from March to April 2016 among 1st, 4th and 7th form pupils of public and private schools in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. Nutritional investigation methods consisted in a reminder of the last 24 hours associated with a questionnaire on food consumption frequency. Excessive consumption of sweet drinks was defined as a consumption of more than 3 sweet drinks (soda) or sugary juice per day (~33 cl × 3);and excessive consumption of fried food as a consumption of more than 1 intake of fried food per day. Results: In total, 1993 pupils were interviewed. The mean age was 17.5 ± 3.6 years and sex-ratio 0.7. Excessive consumption of sweet drinks and fried food was recorded in 12.7% (n = 253) and 28.2% (n = 561) of pupils, respectively. The factors associated with excessive consumption of sweet drinks were: sex/female, sedentarily, desire to gain weight, lean or normal corpulence of the mother and breakfast intake;those associated with excessive consumption of fried food were: sex/female, being in 1st or 4th form, physical exercise practice and breakfast intake. But the fact to attend a private secondary school, to have a mother of normal corpulence and a concordance between self-image and actual weight status, were protective against excessive consumption of fried foods. Conclusion: This study has displayed prominently the fact that eating too sweet and too fatty concerned respectively 1/10 and 3/10 of pupils in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. The main modifiable factors of these eating habits included the level of education, the composition of breakfast and the influence of mothers. An intervention program in the form of a Communication for Continuous Behaviora

关键词： Too Sweet/Too Fatty Food Consumption Young Subject Pupils

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Oocyte vitrification:A local validation of the method

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013年第5期3卷 6-10页

作者： Pierre Boyer Debbie Montjean Pierre Tourame marie-Josée Gervoise-Boyer Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction H?pital Saint JosephMarseilleFrance

Is there a really need to validate oocyte vitrification technique in an ART laboratory before establishing it in daily practice? Validation of micromanipulationbased technique, in this case oocyte vitrification, is essential prior to enlarging its use to routine practice. Oocyte vitrification is a new worldwide used technique and legal recently inFrance. This micromanipulation needs to be performed by a skilled and experienced embryologist and requires an internal assessment in each ART unit before any wide use. We designed a prospective study, from September 2011 to July 2012, using sibling oocytes from women who recovered more than 12 Metaphase II oocytes. A part of freshly recovered oocytes underwent immediate ICSI while the remaining oocytes were vitrified. 87 couples undergoing ICSI were selected based on number of mature oocytes available on the recovery day after denudation. A part of fresh MII oocytes were microinjected and the others were vitrified using an open system (Cryotop?). The major criterion of interest was the number of embryo transferred/ number of Metaphase II ratio for after ICSI on fresh oocytes (42/211) versus vitrified/warmed oocytes (51/204) (p > 0.05). Secondary studied criteria were survival rate (80.5% ± 26.3%), fertilization rate (68.9 ± 33.5) and finally, cumulative pregnancy rate obtained in this study is 40.2%. One of the benefits of such practice is the limitation of embryo freezing. However, the study design delays oocytes warming cycles, due to pregnancies triggered by the transfer of fresh derived oocyte embryos and to the priority to transfer all the frozen embryos before starting oocytes warming. Moreover, no data is available about children’ health. Oocyte vitrification represents not only a change in our daily practice to improve cumulative pregnancy rate but also a promising tool to develop egg banking and donation. Clinical Trials Registration number: 209 R02.

关键词： Oocyte Cryopreservation Vitrification ICSI Sibling Oocyte Study Method Validation Pregnancy Rate Quality

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Second-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with regorafenib or cabozantinib:Multicenter French clinical experience in real-life after matching

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第8期14卷 1510-1527页

作者： Xavier Adhoute marie De Matharel Laurent Mineur Guillaume Pénaranda Dann Ouizeman Clemence Toullec Albert Tran Paul Castellani Armelle Rollet Valérie Oules HervéPerrier Si Nafa Si Ahmed Marc Bourliere Rodolphe Anty Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hôpital Saint-JosephMarseille 13000France Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hôpital Universitaire de l’ArchetNice 06000France Department of Oncology Institut Sainte-CatherineAvignon 84000France Department of Biostatistics AlphaBio LaboratoryMarseille 13000France

BACKGROUND Starting a second-line systemic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a common *** only therapeutic options in France are two broadspectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs),regorafenib(REG)and cabozantinib(CBZ),but no comparative real-life studies are *** To evaluate the progression-free survival(PFS)of patients treated with REG or CBZ,we investigated the disease control rate(DCR),overall survival(OS),and safety of both *** identify the variables associated with disease progression over *** A retrospective multicenter study was performed on the clinical data of patients attending one of three referral centers(Avignon,Marseille,and Nice)between January 2017 and March 2021 using propensity score *** and OS were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier *** analysis(MA)of progression risk factors over time was performed in matched-pair *** Fifty-eight patients 68(62-74)years old with HCC,Barcelona clinic liver cancer(BCLC)B/C(86%),Child-Pugh(CP)-A/B(24%)received REG for 3.4(1.4-10.5)mo as second-line *** patients 68(60-73)years,BCLC B/C(75%),CP-A/B(25%)received CBZ for 3.7(1.8-4.9)mo after first-line treatment with sorafenib[3(2-4)(CBZ)vs 4(2.9-11.8)mo(REG),P=0.0226].Twenty percent of patients received third-line *** matching,PFS and DCR were not significantly different after a median follow-up of 6.2(2.7-11.7)mo(REG)vs 5.2(4-7.2)mo(CBZ),P=*** was no difference in grade 3/4 toxicities,dose reductions,or *** OS of CP-A patients was 8.3(5.2-24.8)vs 4.9(1.6-11.7)mo(CP-B),P=*** MA of risk factors for progression over time identified C-reactive protein(CRP)>10 mg/L,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)>3,and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)>45 IU as predictive *** This multicenter indirect comparative study found no significant difference in PFS between REG and CBZ as second-line therapy for advanced *** levels of inflam

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Regorafenib Cabozantinib C-reactive protein Neutrophillymphocyte ratio

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Understanding the Artisanal Mining of the Pissy Granite Quarry Using the Problem-in-Context Framework (PiC)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第7期9卷 35-45页

作者： Michelline marie Regina Kansole Moussa Compaore Anselme Bagoro Maryam Tamboura Kpiebote Palenfo Seta Naba University of Fada N’Gourma Laboratory of Geoscience and Mining Environment (LaGE) Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso University joseph KI-ZERBO Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry of Natural Products (LABIOCA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University joseph KI-ZERBO Promotion Center for Development and Environmental Protection (CEPAPE) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University joseph KI-ZERBO Laboratory of Geoscience and Mining Environment (LaGE) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The Pissy granite quarry of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso exists since 2006, and it is a source of financial incomes for many poor families working there. The Problem-In-Context framework (PiC), lead the current study to understand better the quarry exploitation and structuration. Different motivations guide the quarry actors. Through those motivations, different solutions were suggested, mainly the shutdown of the quarry as the best way to decrease the impacts of the quarry exploitation on the environment, particularly regarding the air pollution and the loss of biodiversity in the area. The Pissy granite quarry is not recognized by the country’s legislation and this study is presenting the site organization. They are three main actors on the site and the tertiary actors are the ones having more incomes comparing to the primary and secondary actors of the chain. There is a need to evaluate the shell life of the quarry if the shutdown is not the final option chosen by the country. This evaluation should be a way to restructure the field and to have more incomes from it. Many standards exist in the country to guide the quarries and mines exploitation but they do not have impact on the Pissy granite quarry because of its non-reorganization.

关键词： Burkina Faso Granite Mining Quarry Ouagadougou Problem-in-Context (PiC) Environment

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Physicochemical and Biochemical Composition of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed and Seed Oil from Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1206-1220页

作者： Patrice Bazongo Lassané Ouédraogo Pingdwindé marie Judith Samadoulougou-Kafando Martin Kiendrebeogo Nicolas Barro Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire d’Epidemiologie et de Surveillance des Bacteries et Virus transmis par les aliments et l’eau (LaBESTA) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA)/Laboratoire de l’Environnement et des Ecosystèmes Forestiers Agroforestiers et Aquatiques (LaboEcoFAA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT)/Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies des Aliments et Nutrition (LabSTAN) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biochimie & Chimie Appliquées Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In Burkina Faso, the seeds of Balanites aegyptiaca have been considered to be potentially high lipid, protein and mineral sources but seem to be neglected and sometimes unknown by communities. This study aims to complete data on seed oil and detail on amino acids and minerals composition of the seed of B. aegyptiaca for better use. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture and ash content, saponification index, iodine, acid value, peroxide value and the melting point were determined. Seed oil triglycerides, fatty acids and amino acids have been estimated throughout this study. The moisture and ash content were 3.70% ± 0.1% and 2.90% ± 0.2%, respectively. The saponification and iodine values were respectively 181.96 ± 0.4 mg KOH/g of oil and 104.86 ± 0.6 g of iodine/100 g of oil. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content (50.94%) was the most important. Triglyceride (LLO, 22.4%) was the major triglyceride. 9 essential amino acids and 9 non-essential amino acids were identified. Phenylalanine (11697.82 ± 0.00 mg/kg) was the most important essential amino acid. The content of 21 minerals was determined and the most important was potassium (9323.13 ± 0.01 mg/kg). Ca/P, Ca/Mg, Ca/Mg and Na/K ratios were 0.34;1.18;0.04 and 0.19 respectively. B. aegyptiaca seed oil is a source of multiple nutritional values and can be used by the population for multipurpose.

关键词： Seed Seed Oil Fatty Acids Amino Acids Minerals Balanites aegyptiaca Burkina Faso

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Report of the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 238-242页

作者： Robert Colebunders Michel Mandro Alfred K.Njamnshi Michel Boussinesq An Hotterbeekx joseph Kamgno Sarah O’Neill Adrian Hopkins Patrick Suykerbuyk Maria-Gloria Basanez Rory J.Post Belen Pedrique Pierre-marie Preux Wilma A.Stolk Thomas B.Nutman Richard Idro Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Provincial Health Division of Ituri BuniaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Department of Neurology Yaounde Central Hospital/University of Yaounde 1Brain Research Africa Initiative(BRAIN)YaoundeCameroon Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement(IRD) MontpellierFrance Centre for Research on Filariasis and other Tropical Diseases(CRFilMT) and Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaounde 1YaoundeCameroon Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Neglected and Disabling Diseases of Poverty Consultant KentUK London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research Imperial College LondonLondonUK London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine and Liverpool John Moores University LondonUK Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative GenevaSwitzerland Preux Pierre-marie INSERMUniversity LimogesCHU LimogesUMR_S 1094Tropical NeuroepidemiologyInstitute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical NeurologyCNRS FR 3503 GEIST87000 LimogesFrance Department of Public Health Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Makerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda

Background:Recently,several epidemiological studies performed in Onchocerca volvulus-endemic regions have suggested that onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)may constitute an important but neglected public health problem in many countries where onchocerciasis is still *** text:On October 12-14th 2017,the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)was held in Antwerp,*** workshop was attended by 79 participants from 20 different *** research findings strongly suggest that *** is an important contributor to epilepsy,particularly in meso-and hyperendemic areas for *** with *** is associated with a spectrum of epileptic seizures,mainly generalised tonic-clonic seizures but also atonic neck seizures(nodding),and stunted *** is characterised by an onset of seizures between the ages of 3-18 *** working groups discussed topics such as how to 1)strengthen the evidence for an association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy,2)determine the burden of disease caused by OAE,3)prevent OAE,4)improve the treatment/care for persons with OAE and affected families,5)identify the pathophysiological mechanism of OAE,and 6)deal with misconceptions,stigma,discrimination and gender violence associated with *** OAE Alliance was created to increase awareness about OAE and its public health importance,stimulate research and disseminate research findings,and create partnerships between OAE researchers,communities,advocacy groups,ministries of health,non-governmental organisations,the pharmaceutical industry and funding ***:Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying OAE remains unknown,there is increasing evidence that by controlling and eliminating onchocerciasis,OAE will also ***,OAE constitutes an additional argument for strengthening onchocerciasis elimination *** the high numbers of people with epilepsy

关键词： Onchocerciasis Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Nakalanga syndrome Prevalence Burden of disease Africa

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