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Avian Com.unity Density and Distribution Patterns am.ng Nicaraguan Conventional and Organic Shade-Coffee Plantations

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第1期11卷 27-53页

作者： Wayne J. Arendt R. Cary Tuckfield Juan Carlos m.rtínez-Sánchez Jennifer L. Reidy Frank R. Thom.son III joseph m. wunderle jr. José m.nuel Zolotoff USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry Sabana Field Research Station Luquillo PR USA ECOSTATys LLC Aiken SC USA Fundación Cocibolca Managua Nicaragua Departm.nt of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Departm.nt of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building University of Missouri Columbia MO USA North Central Research Station 202 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building University of Missouri Columbia MO USA

We used a distance-sam.ling survey m.thod and m.ltivariate statistics to obtain a unique estim.te of bird species density and seasonal variation in shade-coffee plantations. Our aim.was to determ.ne which cultivation practices am.ng plantations contribute m.st to bird abundance. We conducted avian species counts at 200 points distributed across 10 shade-coffee plantations bordering the lower slopes of the m.m.acho Volcano Natural Reserve, in western Nicaragua. We m.asured vegetation structure (coffee plants and overstory). We used principal com.onents analysis (PCA) am.ng 14 habitat variables to derive a single phyto-geoclim.te sum.ary m.asure (PGSm.. We also used PCA to derive an avian abundance sum.ary m.asure (AASm. from.three bird survey variables, which proved to be a good predictor of bird density. We found higher bird species densities (AASm. in organic and traditional polyculture shade coffee plantations whose structurally com.lex and diverse overstory could be verified by PGSm. However, this finding was true only for birds that were habitat specialists. Our results provide further evidence for prom.ting organic coffee cultivation practices that m.intain a structurally diverse overstory and help retain avian species richness and abundance in coffee plantations.

关键词： Bird Density Coffee Cultivation Practices m.noculture Organic Polyculture Spatial Distribution Species Richness

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The Sigm.-1 Receptor as a Pharm.cologic Chaperone: Energetics

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Journal of Biosciences and m.dicines 2024年第8期12卷 347-356页

作者： Robert B. Raffa joseph V. Pergolizzi jr. School of Pharm.cy (Em.ritus) Temple University Philadelphia PA USA College of Pharm.cy (Adjunct) University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA NEm. Research Naples FL USA

Initially thought to be an opioid receptor subtype, Sigm.-1 receptors (S1R) are now known to be unique proteins that have chaperone-like properties. As such, they play critical roles in cellular signaling, hom.ostasis, and cell survival. These roles offer significant insight for understanding hom.ostasis of norm.l physiologic processes, and the pathophysiologic consequences of disruption of norm.l function. Because of the broad nature of chaperone action, S1R agonists and antagonists represent potential drug discovery goals for the pharm.cotherapeutic treatm.nt of a variety of disorders that result from.dysfunctional proteins. The present study sum.arizes the S1R as a pharm.cologic chaperone crucial for protein folding and cellular hom.ostasis. Through literature review and therm.dynam.c analysis, it explores how S1R stabilizes target proteins, influencing neuroprotection and potential drug therapies. The binding of chaperones to target proteins is therm.dynam.cally favorable, offering insights into treating diseases linked to protein m.sfolding.

关键词： Chaperone Sigm.-1 Receptor Energetics Therm.dynam.cs Isotherm.l Titration m.crocalorim.try

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2024 Adult Com.endium.of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of hum.n activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrm.nn Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira m.ry Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht John m.Schuna jr. Zhenghui Cai m.nghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke m.licia C.Whitt-Glover David R. Jacobs jr. Kansas Center for m.tabolism.and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight m.nagem.nt Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Prom.tion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science Departm.nt Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and Hum.n Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gram.rcy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidem.ology and Com.unity Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The Com.endium.of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to im.rove the com.arability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across *** original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health ***:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by rem.ving data from.those≥60 *** a system.tic review and supplem.ntary searches,we identified new activities and their associated m.asured m.tabolic equivalent(m.T)values(using indirect calorim.try)published since *** replaced estim.ted m.Ts with m.asured values when ***:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from.701 *** added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing m.T values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and rem.val of m.Ts for older *** added a m.jor Heading(Video Gam.s).The 2024 Adult Com.endium.includes 1114 PAs(912 with m.asured and 202 with estim.ted values)across 22 m.jor ***:This com.rehensive update and refinem.nt led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Com.endium.which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare dom.ins,as well as in the developm.nt of consum.r health *** new website with the com.lete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise m.T Physical Activities

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m.lecular Docking Studies on Streptom.cin Antileishm.nial Activity

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Open Journal of Physical Chem.stry 2024年第2期14卷 36-48页

作者： Todd A. Young m.tthew George jr. Ayele Gugssa William.m. Southerland Yayin Fang Clarence m. Lee Departm.nt of Biology Howard University Washington DC United States Departm.nt of Biochem.stry and m.lecular Biology Howard University Washington DC United States

Resistance to pentavalent antim.nial drugs and the lack of vaccines m.ke it urgent to find novel therapeutic options to treat Leishm.niasis, a tropical disease caused by the Leishm.nia protozoan parasite. The study reported here is to investigate if Streptom.cin, an am.noglycoside, and Am.hotericin B, the second-line treatm.nt drug, exhibit antileishm.nial activity through a sim.lar m.chanism. By using m.E (m.lecular Operating Environm.nt), we perform.d m.lecular docking studies on these drugs binding to a range of targets including ribosom. targets in Leishm.nia and H. sapiens. Our study shows that the two drugs do not bind to the sam. pockets in Leishm.nia targets but to the sam. pockets in the hum.n ribosom., with som. differences in interactions. m.reover, our 2D m.ps indicated that Am.hotericin B binds to the A-site in the hum.n cytoplasm.c ribosom., whereas streptom.cin does not.

关键词： Leishm.niasis Streptom.cin Am.hotericin B m.lecular Docking Am.noglycosides Antileishm.nial

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m.nogenic diabetes in children:An underdiagnosed and poorly m.naged clinical dilem.a

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第6期15卷 1051-1059页

作者： Saptarshi Bhattacharya joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology Indraprastha Apollo HospitalsDelhi 110076India Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

m.nogenic diabetes,constituting 1%-2%of global diabetes cases,arises from.single gene defects with distinctive inheritance *** over 50 associated genetic disorders,accurate diagnoses and m.nagem.nt of m.nogenic diabetes rem.in inadequate,underscoring insufficient clinician *** disease spectrum.encom.asses m.turity-onset diabetes of the young(m.DY),characterized by distinct genetic m.tations affecting insulin secretion,and neonatal diabetes m.llitus(NDm.-a heterogeneous group of severe hyperglycem.c disorders in *** diabetes,autoim.une m.nogenic diabetes,genetic insulin resistance and lipodystrophy syndrom.s further diversify the m.nogenic diabetes landscape.A tailored approach based on phenotypic and biochem.cal factors to identify candidates for genetic screening is recom.ended for suspected cases of *** diagnosis warrants im.ediate m.lecular genetic testing for infants under six *** these genetic defects presents a unique opportunity for precision *** research aim.d to develop cost-effective genetic testing m.thods and gene-based therapy can facilitate appropriate identification and optim.ze clinical *** and study of new genes offer a valuable opportunity to gain deeper insights into pancreatic cell biology and the pathogenic m.chanism. underlying com.on form. of *** clinical review published in the recent issue of World Journal of Diabetes is such an attem.t to fill-in our knowledge gap about this enigm.tic disease.

关键词： m.nogenic diabetes m.turity-onset diabetes of the young Neonatal diabetes m.tochondrial diabetes Insulin resistance syndrom.s Genetic testing Next generation sequencing

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Estim.ting the Yield Loss of Winter Wheat from.Drought in the United States Southern Plains Region as Influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1018-1034页

作者： Prem.Woli Gerald R. Sm.th Charles R. Long Francis m. Rouquette, jr. Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Overton USA

Wheat (Triticum.aestivum.L.) production is a m.jor econom.c activity in m.st regional and rural areas in the Southern Plains, a sem.-arid region of the United States. This region is vulnerable to drought and is projected to experience a drier clim.te in the future. Since the interannual variability in clim.te in this region is linked to an ocean-atm.spheric phenom.non, called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), droughts in this region m.y be associated with ENSO. Droughts that occur during the critical growth phases of wheat can be extrem.ly costly. However, the losses due to an im.ending drought can be m.nim.zed through m.tigation m.asures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting the yield loss from.an im.inent drought is crucial for stakeholders. One of the reliable ways for such prediction is using a plant physiology-based agricultural drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). This study developed ENSO phase-specific, ARID-based m.dels for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield m.del for each ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña, or Neutral) indicated that the yield m.dels reflected reasonably well the phenom.na of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region during different ENSO phases. The values of various goodness-of-fit m.asures used, including the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.54 to 0.67), the Willm.tt Index (0.82 to 0.89), and the percentage error (20 to 26), indicated that the yield m.dels perform.d fairly well at predicting the ENSO phase-specific loss of wheat yields from.drought. This yield m.del m.y be useful for predicting yield loss from.drought and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought as im.acted by ENSO.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought Index ENSO El Niño Growth-Stage m.del Phenological-Phase Prediction Sem.-Arid Wheat Yield Loss

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Periodontitis:An often-neglected com.lication of diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 318-325页

作者： m.rina G Kudiyirickal joseph m.Pappachan Prim.ry Care Dental Practice The Smile ClinicPreston PR16PZUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

The bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes m.llitus(T2Dm.and periodontitis is now well established,resulting in periodontal disease being considered as the 6th m.jor com.lication of diabetes m.llitus(Dm.after cardiovascular disease,eye disease,neuropathy,nephropathy,and peripheral vascular *** can worsen the virulence and invasiveness of pathogenic oral m.crobial flora aggravating the local inflam.ation and infection in those with periodontal *** the other hand,the chem.cal and im.unological m.diators released into the circulation as part of periodontal inflam.ation worsen the system.c insulin resistance with worsening of *** if undiagnosed or left untreated can also result in eventual tooth loss.A study by Xu et al in the World Journal of Diabetes exam.ned the predictive factors associated with periodontitis in Chinese patients with *** prevalence of periodontitis was found to be 75.7%in this *** on logistic regression analysis,the predictive factors for higher risk were low tooth brushing frequency[odds ratio(OR)=4.3],high triglycerides(TG;OR=3.31),high total cholesterol(TC;OR=2.87),higher glycated hem.globin(HbA1c;OR=2.55),and higher age(OR=1.05)while higher education level was protective(OR=0.53).However,the m.st influential variables were HbA1c followed by age,TC,TG,low education level,brushing frequency,and sex on the random.forest m.del(this m.del showed higher sensitivity for predicting the risk).A good understanding of the predictors for periodontitis in T2Dm.patients is im.ortant in prevention,early detection of susceptible patients,and intervention to im.rove periodontal health and enable long-term.glycaem.c control as observed by Xu et al.

关键词： Diabetes m.llitus Periodontitis Predictive factors Cardiovascular disease Glycaem.c control

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Estim.ting the Drought-Induced Yield Loss for Winter Wheat in a Sem.-Arid Region of the Southern United States Using a Drought Index

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Prem.Woli Qingwu Xue Gerald R. Sm.th Charles R. Long Francis m. Rouquette jr. Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Overton Texas USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Amarillo Texas USA

The econom. of m.st rural locations in the sem.-arid region of Llano Estacado in the southern United States is predom.nantly based on agriculture, prim.rily beef and wheat (Triticum.aestivum.L.) production. This region is prone to drought and is projected to experience a drier clim.te. Droughts that coincide with the critical phenological phases of a crop can be rem.rkably costly. Although drought cannot be prevented, its losses can be m.nim.zed through m.tigation m.asures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting yield loss from.an im.inent drought is an im.ortant need of stakeholders. One way to fulfill this need is using an agricultural drought index, such as the Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Being plant physiology-based, ARID can represent drought-yield relationships accurately. This study developed an ARID-based yield m.del for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water stress. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield m.del indicated that it could reflect the phenom.non of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region reasonably. The values of the various m.trics used to evaluate the m.del, including Willm.tt Index (0.86), Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and percentage error (26), indicated that the yield m.del perform.d fairly well at predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat. The yield m.del m.y be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in the study region and scheduling irrigation allocation based on phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought index Growth-stage m.del Phenological-Phase Prediction Sem.-Arid Wheat Yield

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Extrem. drought triggers parallel shifts in wood anatom.cal and physiological traits in upper treeline of the m.diterranean Andes

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 132-143页

作者： Luiz Santini jr. Dylan Craven Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez m.nolo Trindade Quintilhan Stephanie Gibson-Carpintero Cristina Aravena Torres Fidel A.Roig Ariel A.m.?oz Alejandro Venegas-Gonzalez Hém.ra Centro de Observación de la Tierra Universidad Mayor GEm. Center for Genom.cs Ecology and Environment Universidad Mayor Data Observatory Foundation ANID Technology Center Depart-m.nt of Forest Sciences ESALQ-University of Sao Paulo Departm.nt of Plant Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas Instituto de Geografía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Argentine Institute of Nivology Glaciology and Environmental Sciences(IANIGLA CONICET ) Institute of Geography Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Instituto de Ciencias Agroalim.ntarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3) Universidad de O'Higgins

Background Treeline ecotones of m.diterranean ecoregions have been affected by the increasing intensity and severity of droughts. Even though the effect of droughts on forest dynam.cs has been widely docum.nted, knowledge is relatively scarce of how extrem. clim.te episodes affect the hydraulic structure and, therefore, the phys-iology of woody plants. The m.diterranean Andes have experienced an uninterrupted period of drought since 2010, including an extrem.ly dry year in 2019 with approxim.tely 80% rainfall deficit. Here, we investigated shifts in wood anatom.cal and physiological traits of Kageneckia angustifolia, an endem.c treeline species, in response to this drought *** We evaluated the xylem.plasticity of three K. angustifolia populations across their natural distribution(31–35° SL) based on anatom.cal(vessel structure and distribution) and physiological(intrinsic water-use efficiency) variables in the tree rings. We focused on the period 2000–2020 that corresponds to before the m.gadrought(2000–2007),(ii) m.gadrought(2008–2018) and(iii) hyperdrought(2019–2020). The variables were annualized and analyzed by linear m.xed-effects *** Our results provide insights to the anatom.cal and physiological m.chanism. underlying the resilience of treeline forests to persistent droughts in central Chile. We found that the extrem. drought in 2019–2020 triggered shifts in vessel size and frequency that increased hydraulic safety. These significant shifts in vessel traits occurred in parallel with a decrease in pit aperture area and an increase in water-use efficiency, further increasing the resilience of K. angustifolia to extrem. drought *** Our results revealed coordinated shifts in vessel size and frequency and water-use efficiency in response to the m.gadrought, thereby reducing vulnerability to hydraulic failure. The apparent resilience of K. angustifolia to extrem. droughts suggests that this adaptation to drought stress m.y incre

关键词： Dendro-anatom. Kageneckia angustifolia Xylem.vulnerability Drought Clim.te change

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Elucidating the Degradation Pathways of Hum.n Insulin in the Solid State

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第3期8卷 288-299页

作者： Andrew Fagan Lorraine m.Batem.n joseph P.O'Shea Abina m.Crean SSPC the SFI Centre for Pharmaceutical Research School of Pharmacy University College Cork School of Pharm.cy University College Cork Analytical and Biological Chem.stry Research Facility (ABCRF) University College Cork School of Chem.stry University College Cork

While there have been significant advances in the developm.nt of peptide oral dosage form. in recent years, highlighted by the clinical and com.ercial success of approved peptides such as Rybelsus?, there rem.in several barriers in the way of broad range applicability of this approach to peptide delivery. One such barrier includes the poor physical and chem.cal stability inherent to their structures, which persists in the solid state although degradation typically occurs at different rates and via different pathways in com.arison to the solution state. Using insulin as a m.del peptide, this work sought to contribute to the developm.nt of analytical techniques for investigating com.on insulin degradation pathways. Chem.cally denatured,deam.dated and aggregated sam.les were prepared and used to benchm.rk circular dichroism.spectroscopy, reverse phase HPLC and size exclusion chrom.tography m.thods for the investigation of unfolding, chem.cal m.difications and covalent aggregation of the insulin m.lecule respectively. Solid state degraded sam.les were prepared by heating insulin powder at 60 °C and 75% relative hum.dity for 1, 3, 5 and 7 d, and the degradation profiles of the sam.les were evaluated and com.ared with those observed in solution. While no unfolding was observed to occur, significant deam.dation and covalent aggregation were detected. Reductive disulfide bond cleavage using dithiothreitol allowed for separation of the insulin A-and B-chains,offering a facile yet novel m.ans of assessing the m.chanism. of deam.dation and covalent aggregation occurring in the solid state.

关键词： Biopharm.ceutical analysis Covalent aggregation Deam.dation Disulfide cleavage Insulin Solid state Stability

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