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Review of Networked Microgrid Protection:Architectures,Challenges,Solutions,and Future Trends

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 448-467页

作者： Jorge de la Cruz Ying Wu John E.Candelo-Becerra Juan C.Vasquez josep M.guerrero Center for Research on Microgrids(CROM) Department of Energy TechnologyAalborg University9220 AalborgDenmark Facultad de Minas Departamento de Energia Eléctrica y AutomaticaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellinCarrera 80 No.65-223RobledoMedellin 050041Colombia. Center for Research on Microgrids at UPC(UPC CROM) Department of Electronic EngineeringTechnical University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 Barcelona Spain ICREA Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain Center for Research on Microgrids at AAU(AAU CROM) AAU EnergyAalborg University(AAU)9220 Aalborg EastDenmark

Design and selection of advanced protection schemes have become essential for reliable and secure operation of networked *** protection schemes that allow correct operation of microgrids have been proposed for individual systems in different topologies and ***,protection schemes for networked microgrids are still in devel-opment,and further research is required to design and operate advanced protection in interconnected *** of these microgrids in different nodes with various intercon-nection technologies increases fault occurrence and complicates protection *** paper aims to point out challenges in developing protection for networked microgrids,potential solutions,and research areas that need to be addressed for their ***,this article presents a systematic analysis of different microgrid clusters proposed since 2016,including several architectures of networked microgrids,operation modes,components,and utilization of renewable sources,which have not been widely explored in previous review ***,the paper presents a discussion on protection systems currently available for microgrid clusters,current challenges,and solutions that have been proposed for these ***,it discusses the trend of protection schemes in networked microgrids and presents some conclusions related to ***—Adaptive eprotection,microgrid cluster,microgrid,multiple microgrid,networked microgrid,real-time simulation,smart grid.

关键词： Adaptive eprotection microgrid cluster microgrid multiple microgrid networked microgrid real-time simulation smart grid

Improved Multiple Feature-electrochemical Thermal Coupling Modeling of Lithium-ion Batteries at Low-temperature with Real-time Coefficient Correction

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2024年第3期9卷 157-173页

作者： Shunli Wang Haiying Gao Paul Takyi-Aninakwa josep M.guerrero Carlos Fernandez Qi Huang IET the School of Electric Power Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyInner Mongolia 010051China the School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Southwest University of Science and Technology(SWUST) the Smart Energy Storage Institute the Department of Energy Technology Aalborg UniversityDenmark Robert Gordon University IEEE Southwest University of Science and Technology

Monitoring various internal parameters plays a core role in ensuring the safety of lithium-ion batteries in power supply *** also influences the sustainability effect and online state of charge *** improved multiple feature-electrochemical thermal coupling modeling method is proposed considering low-temperature performance degradation for the complete characteristic expression of multi-dimensional *** is to obtain the parameter influence mechanism with a multi-variable coupling *** optimized decoupled deviation strategy is constructed for accurate state of charge prediction with real-time correction of time-varying current and temperature *** innovative decoupling method is combined with the functional relationships of state of charge and open-circuit voltage to capture energy management ***,an adaptive equivalent-prediction model is constructed using the state-space equation and iterative feedback correction,making the proposed model adaptive to fractional *** maximum state of charge estimation errors of the proposed method are 4.57% and 0.223% under the Beijing bus dynamic stress test and dynamic stress test conditions,*** improved multiple feature-electrochemical thermal coupling modeling realizes the effective correction of the current and temperature variations with noise influencing coefficient,and provides an efficient state of charge prediction method adaptive to complex conditions.

关键词： Adaptive inner state characterization lithium-ion batteries low-temperature automatic-guided-vehicle multiple feature-electrochemical thermal coupling modeling real-time coefficient correction

Abc-frame complex-coefficient filter and controller based current harmonic elimination strategy for three-phase grid connected inverter

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2016年第1期4卷 87-93页

作者： Xiaoqiang GUO josep M.guerrero Department of Electrical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University9220 AalborgDenmark

Current quality is one of the most important issues for operating three-phase grid-connected inverter in distributed generation systems. In practice, the grid current quality is degraded in case of non-ideal utility voltage. A new control strategy is proposed for the three-phase gridconnected inverter. Different from the traditional method,our proposal utilizes the unique abc-frame complex-coefficient filter and controller to achieve the balanced, sinusoidal grid current. The main feature of the proposed method is simple and easy to implement without any frame transformation. The theoretical analysis and experimental test are presented. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

关键词： Grid-connected inverter Current control Complex-coefficient filter Complex-coefficient controller

Attack-resilient control for converter-based DC microgrids

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Global Energy Interconnection 2023年第6期6卷 751-757页

作者： Sen Tan Juan C.Vasquez josep M.guerrero Aalborg University Fredrik Bajers Vej 7KAalborg9220Denmark

In light of the growing integration of renewable energy sources in power systems,the adoption of DC microgrids has become increasingly popular,due to its simple structure,having no frequency,power factor ***,the dependence of DC microgrids on cyber-networks also makes them susceptible to *** cyberattacks can disrupt power system facilities and result in significant economic and loss of *** address this concern,this paper presents an attack-resilient control strategy for microgrids to ensure voltage regulation and power sharing with stable operation under cyber-attack on the *** paper first formulates the cyber-security problem considering a distributed generation based microgrid using the converter model,after which an attack-resilient control is proposed to eliminate the actuator attack impact on the *** state analysis and root locus validation illustrate the feasibility of the proposed *** effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through simulation results.

关键词： Cyber-attacks DC microgrids Resilient control

Robust Switch Selection in Radial Distribution Systems Using Combinatorial Optimization

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第3期8卷 933-940页

作者： Hani Mavalizadeh Omid Homaee Reza Dashti josep M.guerrero Hassan Haes Alhelou Pierluigi Siano Fanavaran Moj Khatam Tehran 16844Iran School of Electrical Engineering Iran University of Science and TechnologyTehran 16844Iran School of Advanced Technologies Iran University of Science and TechnologyTehran 16844Iran Department of Energy Technology Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark Department of Electrical Power Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringTishreen UniversityLattakia 2230Syria Department of Management&Innovation Systems University of SalernoFisciano 84084Italy

Selecting the best type of equipment among available switches with different prices and reliability levels is a significant challenge in distribution system *** this paper,the optimal type of switches in a radial distribution system is selected by considering the total cost and reliability criterion and using the weighted augmented epsilon constraint method and combinatorial optimization.A new index is calculated to assess the robustness of each Pareto ***,for each failure,repair time is considered based on historical *** Carlo simulations are used to consider the switch failure uncertainty and fault repair time uncertainty in the *** proposed framework is applied to an RTBS Bus-2 test ***,the model is also applied to an industrial system to verify the proposed method’s excellent performance in larger practical engineering problems.

关键词： Combinatorial optimization Monte Carlo Simulation multi-objective optimization radial distribution system reliability robustness

Inertial PLL of Grid-connected Converter for Fast Frequency Support

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第4期9卷 1594-1599页

作者： Xiang Guo Donghai Zhu Jiabing Hu Xudong Zou Yong Kang josep M.guerrero State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China. Department of Energy Technology Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark

Frequency support capability for the grid-connected converter(GCC)is one of the basic safeguards for the stability of renewables-dominated power *** this paper,analogous to the motion equation of a synchronous generator(SG),an inertial phase-locked loop(iPLL)is proposed for GCC to achieve fast frequency *** iPLL introduces the inertial and damping loops into the classic PLL structure to emulate the natural frequency regulation characteristics of a *** with the existing methods,the iPLL has a faster frequency response and is simpler in design and ***,the proposed iPLL method is validated by *** Terms-Frequency support,grid-connected converter,inertial phase-locked loop(iPLL),synchronous generation(SG).

关键词： Frequency support grid-connected converter inertial phase-locked loop(iPLL) synchronous generation(SG).

Transient Characteristics and Quantitative Analysis of Electromotive Force for DFIG-based Wind Turbines during Grid Faults

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2022年第2期8卷 3-12页

作者： Yumei Ma Donghai Zhu Xudong Zou Yong Kang josep M.guerrero Key Laboratory of Power Electronics and Energy Management for Ministry of Education of China Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Energy Technology Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark

For doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)-based wind turbines(WTs),various advanced control schemes have been proposed to achieve the low voltage ride through(LVRT)capability,whose parameters design is significantly reliant on the rotor electromotive force(EMF)of DFIG-based ***,the influence of the rotor current on EMF is usually ignored in existing studies,which cannot fully reflect the transient characteristics of *** tackle with this issue,this study presents a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of EMF during grid faults considering various control ***,the DFIG model under grid faults is ***,the transient characteristics of EMF are analyzed under different control modes(that is,rotor open-circuit and connected to converter).Furthermore,the EMF transient eigenvolumes(that is,accessorial resistance item,transient decay time constant,and frequency offset)are quantitatively analyzed with the typical parameters of MW-level DFIG-based *** analysis results contribute to the design of the LVRT control ***,the analysis is validated by the hardware-in-the-loop experiments.

关键词： Doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) electromotive force(EMF) quantitative analysis transient characteristics wind turbines(WTs) grid faults

Analysis and Control of Modular Multi-terminal DC Power Flow Controller with Fault Current Limiting Function

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第6期9卷 1375-1385页

作者： Qianming Xu Xinyu Huang Xu Chu Mingshen Li Zhikang Shuai Chunming Tu josep M.guerrero College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University

In order to overcome the problems of power flow control and fault current limiting in multi-terminal high voltage direct current(MTDC)grids,this paper proposes a modular multi-terminal DC power flow controller(MM-DCPFC)with fault current limiting *** topology structure,operation principle,and equivalent circuit of MM-DCPFC are introduced,and such a structure has the advantages of modularity and *** power balance mechanism is studied and a hierarchical power balance control strategy is *** results show that MM-DCPFC can achieve internal power exchange,which avoids the use of external power *** fault characteristics of MM-DCPFC are analyzed,fault current limiting and self-protection methods are proposed,and the factors affecting the current limiting capability are *** simulation models are established in PLECS,and the simulation results verify the effectiveness of MM-DCPFC in power flow control,fault current limiting,and *** addition,a prototype is developed to validate the function and control method of MM-DCPFC.

关键词： Fault current limiting multi-terminal high volt-age direct current(MTDC)grid power balance DC power flow controller

Energy Management Strategy Considering Multi-time-scale Operational Modes of Batteries for the Grid-connected Microgrids Community

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2020年第1期6卷 111-121页

作者： Xiaowen Xing Lili Xie Hongmin Meng Xin Guo Lei Yue josep M.guerrero Department of Electrical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China State Grid Information and Telecommunication Group Ltd.Co. Beijing 102211China State Grid Beijing Fengtai Electric Power Supply Company Beijing 100073China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192China Department of Energy Technology Aalborg UniversityAalborg9220Denmark

The advantages and promoting applications of the microgrids community(MGC)allows for a critical step being taken toward a smart *** energy management strategy(EMS)is essential to intelligently coordinate the operations of the *** paper presents a multi-time-scale EMS consid-ering battery operational modes for grid-connected *** proposed strategy consists of two modules:day-ahead integrated optimization and realtime distributed *** first module aims to minimize the operational cost of the MGC considering battery free-overcharging *** problem is solved by the mixed integer linear programming(MILP)sim-ulating two charging/discharging modes:limited-current mode and constant-voltage *** second module is installed in local MGs to correct the optimizing deviations of the day-ahead static scheduling,which are caused by predicting errors of renewable energy and *** main contribution of this work is integrating the advantages of global optimization of the centralized method and the fast computing speed of the distributed *** results prove the proposed EMS is feasible and *** computing time at each updating step is reduced by 75%on average,which has the potential to be adopted in engineering.

关键词： Day-ahead optimization energy management strategy forecast errors microgrids community realtime compensation strategy