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Spanish National Monuments with Traditional Timber Roofs： Restoration versus Reconstruction

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2011年第9期5卷 828-834页

作者： Javier Garabito jose Carlos Garabito victor Echarri Angel Rodriguez Jesus Gadea Veronica Calderon Department of Building Construction University of Burgos Spain Department of Civil Engineering University of Burgos Spain Department of Building Construction University of Alicante Spain

We prioritize interventions in the roof structure in order to prevent subsequent deterioration of the monument. This presentation refers to interventions in two Spanish National Monuments： the Collegiate Church of Roa de Duero and San Esteban＇s church of Los Balbases. The Collegiate Church was built during the 16th century. It is considered the jewel of the villa. It is a ＂hallenkirche＂ model with three big naves of the same height covered by beautiful starry vaults. The intervention consisted of restoring the wooden roof structure, preserving the original 16th centary structure, by replacing the damaged elements. It was restored according to archaeological criteria. San Esteban＇s church is a 13 century Gothic style church with a Latin cross plan. It has three naves with a transept of great slenderness. It preserves Romanesque remains. Opposite to the previous intervention we decided to rebuild the roof because the former roof was totally distorted due to bad executed works during the past Century. In this way we regain the original shape of the church. These interventions aim to improve constructive and structural conditions as well as retrieve the image of both monuments. We have studied the visual impact of interventions through virtual recreations. The intervention criteria are very different, restoration versus structttral reconstruction.

关键词： Restoration roof timber structure heritage laminated wood.

Social structure and space use of Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)in Southern Russian Far East based on GPS telemetry data

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第4期10卷 365-375页

作者： jose A.HERNANDEZ-BLANCO Sergei V.NAIDENKO maria D.CHISTOPOLOVA victor S.LUKAREVSKIY Alexey KOSTYRYA Alexandr RYBIN Pavel A.SOROKIN Mikhail N.LITVINOV Andrey K.KOTLYAR Dale G.MIQUELLE Viatcheslav V.ROZHNOV A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of ScienceMoscowRussia V.L.Komarov Ussuriskii State Nature Reserve Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of ScienceUssuriskRussia Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of ScienceVladivostokRussia Wildlife Conservation Society VladivostokRussia

To better understand the spatial structure of Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)at the southern edge of their range we fitted 14 tigers(6♀♀and 8♂♂)with 15 GPS-Argos collars between 2008 and 2011 in 2 study sites:the Ussuriskii Reserve of southern Sikhote-Alin and the Land of the Leopard National Park in southwest Primorye,Russian Far *** kernel estimates of male home ranges were larger than those of female home ranges(Prange size of females varied greatly,but on average was similar to estimates derived from earlier work further *** overlap of adjacent home ranges suggested that females retained exclusive *** core areas of females overlapped only slightly,and remained stable over multiple *** home ranges of adult males were smaller than those of males to the north,and in contrast to previous studies,high overlap among males indicated the absence of ***,real core areas of males did not overlap,suggesting some spatial *** comparison to other tiger populations and other areas of the Russian Far East,the sex ratio in our 2 study areas was highly skewed towards *** believe this skewed sex ratio resulted in the dissolution of territoriality of males due to an inability to defend individual females,with males resorting to scramble competition for *** monitoring of these sites to determine whether shifts in the sex ratio might result in a return to male territoriality would provide confirmation of our tentative hypothesis.

关键词： Amur tiger GPS-Argos telemetry home range overlap Panthera tigris altaica space use social structure sex ratio

Recovery of Gold and Silver and Removal of Copper, Zinc and Lead Ions in Pregnant and Barren Cyanide Solutions

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materials Sciences and Applications 2015年第2期6卷 171-182页

作者： Gabriela Figueroa Jesus L. Valenzuela jose R. Parga victor Vazquez Alejandro Valenzuela Department of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy University of Sonora Hermosillo Mexico Department of materials Science Technological Institute of Saltillo Saltillo Mexico

Over the past decade the concern about toxic metals in freshwater has increased. Environmental laws such as the Clean Water Act have forced industries that produce metal containing wastewater to treat their wastewater prior to discharge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a novel method for the minimization of heavy metals in the wastewater from the mining industry. A very promising electrochemical treatment technique that does not require chemical additions is electrocoagulation (EC) and sulphide precipitation. The present study has been done for the recovery of gold and silver contained in pregnant solution from the cyanidation process using the electrocoagulation technology with iron electrodes;that is a developed alternative technology for the Merril-Crowe process. The average gold and silver content in pregnant solution was 4.27 and 283 ppm respectively and the recoveries were 92% for gold and 95% for silver, with optimum operating parameters of pH 10, residence time of 20 minutes and addition of sodium chloride of 4 gr/L. The results of precipitation process show that the elimination of lead, zinc, cooper and iron ions from the barren solution was successful, with optimum operating parameters of pH 3 and residence time of 15 minutes, and the recoveries were 99% of these ions. Finally the characterization of the solid products of gold and silver formed during the EC process with Scanning Electronic Microscope was performed. Results suggest that magnetite particles and amorphous iron oxyhydroxides (lepidocrocite) were present.

关键词： Electrochemical Process Precipitation Process Gold and Silver Cyanides

How do we manage post-OLT redundant bile duct?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第16期19卷 2501-2506页

作者： victor Torres Nicholas martinez Gabriel Lee jose Almeda Glenn Gross Sandeep Patel Laura Rosenkranz Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department of Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

AIM: To address endoscopic outcomes of post-Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients diagnosed with a "redundant bile duct" (RBD). METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent OLT at the Liver Transplant Center, University Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Texas were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with suspected biliary tract complications (BTC) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). All ERCP were performed by experienced biliary endoscopist. RBD was defined as a looped, sigmoid-shaped bile duct on cholangiogram with associated cholestatic liver biomarkers. Patients with biliary T-tube placement, biliary anastomotic strictures, bile leaks, bile-duct stonessludge and suspected sphincter of oddi dysfunction were excluded. Therapy included single or multiple biliary stents with or without sphincterotomy. The incidence of RBD, the number of ERCP corrective sessions, and the type of endoscopic interventions were recorded. Successful response to endoscopic therapy was defined as resolution of RBD with normalization of associated cholestasis. Laboratory data and pertinent radiographic imaging noted included the pre-ERCP period and a follow up period of 6-12 mo after the last ERCP intervention. RESULTS: One thousand two hundred and eighty-two patient records who received OLT from 1992 through 2011 were reviewed. Two hundred and twenty-four patients underwent ERCP for suspected BTC. RBD was reported in each of the initial cholangiograms. Twentyone out of 1282 (1.6%) were identified as having RBD. There were 12 men and 9 women, average age of 59.6 years. Primary indication for ERCP was cholestatic pattern of liver associated biomarkers. Nineteen out of 21 patients underwent endoscopic therapy and 2/21 required immediate surgical intervention. In the endoscopically managed group: 65 ERCP procedures were performed with an average of 3.4 per patient and 1.1 stent per session. Fifteen out of 19 (78.9%) patients were successfully

关键词： Redundant bile duct Orthotopic liver transplantation Biliary complications Biliary stent Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Induction of Defensive Responses in <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i>(Labill) Plants, against <i>Ctenarytaina eucalypti</i>(maskell) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 589-595页

作者： Christian Troncoso jose Becerra Claudia Perez victor Hernandez Aurelio San martin manuel Sanchez-Olate Darcy Rios Centro de Biotecnologia Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales Universidad de Concepcion Concepcion Chile Departamento de Botanica Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanograficas Universidad de Concepcion Concepcion Chile Departamento de Quimica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad de Concepcion Concepcion Chile

This study evaluated the expression of defense compounds from the secondary metabolism of Eucalyptus globulus plants, subjected to direct and indirect stimuli by the insect Ctenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum Psyllid). Results showed that defense responses were activated in plants in all tested cases. Were detected and identified thirty-two compounds in the leaves of treated plants, of which five compounds differed with the control, and all are part of the chemical defenses from the plants, three of them were oxygenated monoterpenes (borneol, exo-2-hydroxy cineole and thymol), a aromatic carboxylic acid (benzoic acid) and a quinone (6-acethyl-flaviolin). The plants induced by volatile compounds and by indirect entomological manner, showed its capability to synthesize defensive compounds without a wound that promotes these responses. Were also found some constitutive secondary metabolites over expressed in the different inductions compared with the control.

关键词： Chemical Defense E. globules Secondary Metabolites Terpenes

Application of Neuro-Fuzzy Estimation for Rotor Flux in Speed Vector Control of Bearingless Induction Motor

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第2期9卷 192-198页

作者： jose Soares Batista Lopes Luciano P. dos Santos jose A. de Paiva Valci F. victor Andre L. maitelli Andres O. Salazar Institute of Education Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte RN 59200-000 Brazil Institute of Education Science and Technology of Tocantis TO 77.015-200 Brazil Department of Computer Engineering and Automation Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal 59072-970 RN Brazil

The main requirement of a vector controller is knowing the magnitude and position of the rotating flow in the rotor. This feature permits to use either flow sensors or flow estimators. The solution chosen was the estimation of rotor flux with the hybrid neuro-fuzzy system. The motor characteristics are： 3.75 kW （5 HP）, two pole-pair, operate at 60 Hz and air-gap length 0.2 mm. The ANFIS （adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system） was used to tune the membership functions in fuzzy system. The hybrid estimator aims at compensating possible parametric variations of the machine caused by agents, such as temperature or nucleus saturation. The simulated results have shown good performance.

关键词： Hybrid systems rotor flux estimation speed control ANFIS.

Non-thermal plasma for exhaust gases treatment

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第3期10卷 301-305页

作者： Elvia ALVA R. marquidia PACHECO P.l Fernando GOMEZ B. Joel PACHECO P. Arturo COLIN C victor SANCHEZ-MENDIETA Ricardo VALDIVIA B Alfredo SANTANA D. jose HUERTAS C Hilda FRIAS P. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleates Ocoyoacac 52750Mexico Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico Toluca 50000 Mexico Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey CampusToluca 50110 Mexico

This article describes a study on a non-thermal plasma device to treat exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine. Several tests using a plasma device to treat exhaust gases are conducted on a Honda GX200- 196 cm3 engine at different rotational speeds. A plasma reactor could be efficient in degrading nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Monoxide and carbon dioxide treatment is minimal. However, achieving 1%-3% degradation may be interesting to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.

关键词： plasma treatment NOx CO CO2 particulatematter vehicle

Room temperature synthesis of two-dimensional multi layer magnets based on α-Co^(Ⅱ) layered hydroxides

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Nano materials Science 2022年第1期4卷 36-43页

作者： victor Oestreicher Christian Dolle Diego Hunt Michael Fickert Gonzalo Abellan Instituto de Ciencia Molecular(ICMol).Universidad de Valencia Catedritico Jose Beltran 2PaternaValencia46980Spain Departamento de Física de la materia Condensada GIy A.Instituto de Nanociencia y NanotecnologíaCNEA-CAC-CONICET.Av.Gral.PazSan MartinBuenas Aires1650Argentina Chair of Organic ChemistryⅡand Joint Institute of Advanced materials and Processes(ZMP).Friedrich-Alexander-Universitát Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU) Nikolaus-Fiebiger Strasse 1091058 Erlangen and Dr.-Mack Strasse 81Furth 90762Germany

Research on two-dimensional(2D) materials is one of the most active fields in materials science and nanotechnology. Among the members of the 2D family, layered hydroxides(LHs) represent an exceptional case of study due to their unparalleled chemical versatility which allows the modulation of their physicochemical properties at will. Nowadays, LHs based on earth-abundant metals are key materials in the areas of energy storage and conversion, hybrid materials or magnetism. α-Co hydroxides(Simonkolleite-like structures) are promising phases with tuneable electronic and magnetic properties by ligand modification. However, even in the simple case of α-Co^(Ⅱ) hydroxychlorides, the preparation of well-defined large 2D crystals is not straightforward, hindering the development of fundamental studies. Herein, we present the synthesis of 2D hexagonal crystals with outstanding sizethickness relationship(diameter > 5 μm and thickness of 20 ± 7 nm) by a simple homogeneous synthesis taking place at room temperature. In structural terms, no differences are observed between our layered materials and those obtained hydrothermally. However, dynamic susceptibility measurements alert about different arrangements of the magnetic sublattices, which have been rationalized with structural DFT calculations. This work provides an extremely easy bottom-up method to obtain high-quality 2D crystals based on α-CoIIhydroxides,paving the way for the development of fundamental studies and applications.

关键词： Two-dimensional(2D)materials Layered hydroxides Hexagonal morphology Bottom-up synthesis magnetism

First isolation and identification of H1N1 swine influenza viruses in Colombian pig farms

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Health 2012年第10期4卷 983-990页

作者： Gloria Consuelo ramirez-Nieto Cesar Augusto Diaz Rojas victor Julio Vera Alfonso Jairo Jaime Correa jose Dario Mogollon Galvis Línea de Microbiología y Epidemiología Posgrado en Salud Animal Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia

The pig industry in Colombia has grown 30% in the last decade achieving high levels of technology and efficiency;in spite of that, respiratory diseases remain a constraint. Since 1970, serological evidence and histological findings suggested the role of swine influenza virus (SIV) as part of the porcine respiratory disease complex;nevertheless, elusive and molecular typing isolates are missing. This study was aimed at isolating SIV from intensive pig farms and to achieve molecular characterization to determine strains circulating in the field. In order to accomplish this goal, 242 samples were taken from nasal swabs, 25 from bronchial washes and 8 from lung tissue. Samples were collected during a period of three years, between 2008 and 2010 and were originated from 78 farms of the three main pig production regions of the country. The samples were transported in BHI broth with 2% antibiotic and antimycotic solution and stored at –70?C until processed. The swabs were inoculated in 9 - 11 days old embryo chicken eggs and in MDCK (madin Darby Canine Kidney) cell cultures with the addition of trypsin. The isolates were identified by the HA (hemoagglutination) test and by RT-PCR targeting the HA (hemagglutinin), NA (Neuraminidase) and M (matrix) genes. Full length sequence of the HA and NA glycoproteins from four selected virus isolates was conducted (macrogen?. USA). As a result, fifteen SIV isolates from nine farms distributed in the three regions were obtained. Twelve of the isolates are related to the swine origin H1N1 virus that caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. The remaining three viruses were related to classical swine influenza viruses.

关键词： Swine Influenza H1N1 Colombia First Isolation Classical Pandemic