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A comprehensive review of genetic causes of obesity

World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 26-39页

作者： Marcio jose Concepcion-Zavaleta Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Maria del Carmen Durand-Vasquez Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio Juan del Carmen Valencia de la Cruz Claudia Mercedes Barrueto-Callirgos Susan Luciana Puelles-Leon Elena de Jesus Alvarado-Leon Frans Leiva-Cabrera Francisca Elena Zavaleta-Gutierrez Luis Alberto Concepcion-Urteaga jose Paz-Ibarra Universidad Cientifica del Sur Bolivar 2150 AvenuePueblo Libre15084LimaPeru Division of Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Family Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Endocrinology Hospital Victor Lazarte EchegarayTrujilloPeru Division of Pediatrics Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Internal Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Genetics Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Neonatology Hospital Belen de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Department of Medicine School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPeru

Background Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high,increasing worldwide *** causes account for 7%of the cases in children with extreme *** sources This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase and SciELO databases and included 161 *** search used the following search terms:"obesity","obesity and genetics","leptin","Prader-Willi syndrome",and"melanocortins".The types of studies included were systematic reviews,clinical trials,prospective cohort studies,cross-sectional and prospective studies,narrative reviews,and case *** The leptin-melanocortin pathway is primarily responsible for the regulation of appetite and body ***,several important aspects of the pathophysiology of obesity remain *** causes of obesity can be grouped into syndromic,monogenic,and polygenic causes and should be assessed in children with extreme obesity before the age of 5 years,hyperphagia,or a family history of extreme obesity.A microarray study,an analysis of the melanocortin type 4 receptor gene mutations and leptin levels should be performed for this *** are three therapeutic levels:lifestyle modifications,pharmacological treatment,and bariatric *** Genetic study technologies are in constant development;however,we are still far from having a personalized approach to genetic causes of obesity.A significant proportion of the affected individuals are associated with genetic causes;however,there are still barriers to its approach,as it continues to be underdiagnosed.

关键词： Leptin Melanocortin Obesity Prader-Willi syndrome Precision medicine

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葡萄牙山火危机

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财新周刊 2024年第38期 12-13页

作者： jose Coelho(图) 东方IC

当地时间2024年9月17日,葡萄牙北部,民众因山火持续肆虐紧急撤离。截至当地时间9月18日7时,该国仍有114起火灾处在活跃状态,超过5000名消防人员和1600辆消防车辆投入灭火工作,当地政府连夜疏散火场附近居民,部分高速路段被迫关闭。葡萄... 详细信息

当地时间2024年9月17日,葡萄牙北部,民众因山火持续肆虐紧急撤离。截至当地时间9月18日7时,该国仍有114起火灾处在活跃状态,超过5000名消防人员和1600辆消防车辆投入灭火工作,当地政府连夜疏散火场附近居民,部分高速路段被迫关闭。葡萄牙海洋与大气研究所的消息显示,由于天气炎热,该国9个大区的超过50个市镇面临火灾风险。截至18日,葡萄牙本轮火灾已造成7人死亡。据统计葡萄牙波尔图市以南地区的山林火灾已经烧毁1.5572万公顷土地。此前,葡萄牙政府部门呼吁欧盟国家派遣消防队增援,西班牙、意大利和希腊已提供了支援。

关键词：消防人员灭火工作消防车辆火灾风险山火消防队葡萄牙活跃状态

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Diagnosis and management of bacterial infections in decompensated cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第1期5卷 16-25页

作者： Maria Pleguezuelo jose manuel Benitez Juan Jurado jose Luis Montero manuel De la Mata Liver Research Unit Reina Sofia University HospitalAvda Menendez Pidal s/n14004 CordobaSpain

Bacterial infections are one of the most frequent complications in cirrhosis and result in high mortality *** with cirrhosis have altered and impaired immunity,which favours bacterial *** of infections are more frequent in patients with decompensated cirrhosis than those with compensated liver *** most common and life-threatening infection in cirrhosis is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis followed by urinary tract infections,pneumonia,endocarditis and skin and soft-tissue *** with decompensated cirrhosis have increased risk of developing sepsis,multiple organ failure and *** factors associated with the development of infections are severe liver failure,variceal bleeding,low ascitic protein level and prior episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).The prognosis of these patients is closely related to a prompt and accurate *** appropriate treatment decreases the mortality *** strategies are the mainstay of the management of these *** antibiotics should be started immediately following the diagnosis of SBP and the first-line antibiotic treatment is third-generation ***,the efficacy of currently recommended empirical antibiotic therapy is very low in nosocomial infections including SBP,compared to community-acquired *** may be associated with the emergence of infections caused by Enterococcus faecium and extended-spectrum β-lactamaseproducing Enterobacteriaceae,which are resistant to the first line antimicrobial agents used for *** emergence of resistant bacteria,underlines the need to restrict the use of prophylactic antibiotics to patients with the greatest risk of *** infections should be treated with wide spectrum *** studies of early diagnosis,prevention and treatment are needed to improve the outcomes in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

关键词： Cirrhosis Infections Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Ascites Antibiotics

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The use of a simple anal sling in the management of anal incontinence

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Gastroenterology Report 2014年第2期2卷 136-139页

作者： jose manuel Devesa Rosana vicente Colorectal Unit University Hospital Ramony CajalMadridSpain Colorectal Unit Hospital Ruber InternacionalMadridSpain

*** patients presenting with anal incontinence(AI)are frail,with attendant comorbidities precluding the use of complicated,expensive reconstructive *** these cases,revisiting a simple approach—designed to provide some sort of effective barrier to stool—is worthwhile where the options include a customized peri-anal sling or the use of an anal *** of an unselected cohort of 33 patients(mean age 54 years;range 27–86 years)with AI is presented,these patients having undergone insertion of an elastic band peri-anal sling between December 2004 and December *** post-operative assessment included the Jorge-Wexner score of incontinence,anorectal manometry and the Rockwood Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life(FIQoL)*** follow-up period ranged from 50 to 108 months with a mean of 65 *** post-operative complications included spontaneous disruption of the sling at the fourth and seventh post-operative day in two patients and local infection in a further two *** complications included skin erosion in two patients,(one occurring 3 years post-operatively)and breakage of the sling in a further seven *** was performed in 13 cases,and re-implantation in 10 *** differences were noted in resting or squeeze manometry,with significant improvement in the Jorge-Wexner scores in 32 cases and in all of the four Rockwood quality of life *** anal sling is an effective and simple surgical option for the management of selected cases presenting with anal ***-term data are awaited comparing this technique with other standard surgical alternatives.

关键词： anal incontinence peri-anal sling Thiersch

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Stay in touch with the endoplasmic reticulum

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 230-257页

作者： Sha Sun Gan Zhao Mingkang Jia Qing Jiang Shulin Li Haibin Wang Wenjing Li Yunyun Wang Xin Bian Yan G.Zhao Xun Huang Ge Yang Huaqing Cai jose C.Pastor-Pareja Liang Ge Chuanmao Zhang Junjie Hu National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules Institute of BiophysicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation College of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Laboratory of Computational Biology&Machine Intelligence School of Artificial IntelligenceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Brain Research Center Department of BiologySchool of Life SciencesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Neurosciences Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel HernándezSan Juan de Alicante 03550Spain

The endoplasmic reticulum(ER),which is composed of a continuous network of tubules and sheets,forms the most widely distributed membrane system in eukaryotic *** a result,it engages a variety of organelles by establishing membrane contact sites(MCSs).These contacts regulate organelle positioning and remodeling,including fusion and fission,facilitate precise lipid exchange,and couple vital signaling ***,we systematically review recent advances and converging themes on ER-involved organellar *** molecular basis,cellular influence,and potential physiological functions for ER/nuclear envelope contacts with mitochondria,Golgi,endosomes,lysosomes,lipid droplets,autophagosomes,and plasma membrane are summarized.

关键词： endoplasmic reticulum nuclear envelope mitochondria Golgi apparatus endosome lysosome lipid droplets autophagosome plasma membrane membrane contact site

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Rethinking de novo immune hepatitis,an old concept for liver allograft rejection:relevance of glutathione S-transferase T1 mismatch

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第29期24卷 3239-3249页

作者： Isabel Aguilera Elena Aguado-Dominguez jose manuel Sousa Antonio Nunez-Roldan Department of Immunology Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla(IBIS)Hospital Universitario Virgen del RocíoSevilla 41013Spain Digestive and Liver Diseases Service Hospital Universitario Virgen del RocíoSevilla 41013Spain

Antibody-mediated rejection(AMR) in liver transplantation has long been underestimated. The concept of the liver as an organ susceptible to AMR has emerged in recent years, not only in the context of the major histocompatibility complex with the presence of HLA donor-specific antibodies, but also with antigens regarded as "minor", whose role in AMR has been demonstrated. Among them, antibodies against glutathione S-transferase T1 have been found in 100% of patients with de novo autoimmune hepatitis(dn AIH) when studied. In its latest update, the Banff Working Group for liver allograft pathology proposed replacing the term dn AIH with plasma cell(PC)-rich rejection. Antibodies to glutathione S-transferase T1(GSTT1) in null recipients of GSTT1 positive donors have been included as a contributory but nonessential feature of the diagnosis of PC-rich rejection. Also in this update, non-organ-specific anti-nuclear or smooth muscle autoantibodies are no longer included as diagnostic criteria. Although initially found in a proportion of patients with PC-rich rejection, the presence of autoantibodies is misleading since they are not diseasespecific and appear in many different contexts as bystanders. The cellular types and proportions of the inflammatory infiltrates in diagnostic biopsies have been studied in detail very recently. PC-rich rejection biopsies present a characteristic cellular profile with a predominance of T lymphocytes and a high proportion of PCs, close to 30%, of which 16.48% are Ig G4+. New data on the relevance of GSTT1-specific T lymphocytes to PC-rich rejection will be discussed in this review.

关键词： glutathione S-transferase T1 mismatch liver allograft rejection plasma cell-rich rejection de novo autoimmune hepatitis donor-specific antibodies newCAST cell quantification IgG4+plasma cell T lymphocytes

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Influence of olive oil and its components on mesenchymal stem cell biology

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第12期11卷 1045-1064页

作者： Antonio Casado-Díaz Gabriel Dorado jose manuel Quesada-Gómez CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable(CIBERFES) Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba(IMIBIC)Hospital Universitario Reina SofíaCórdoba 14004Spain Departement Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario(ceiA3)Universidad de CórdobaCIBERFESCórdoba 14071Spain Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable(CIBERFES)Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba(IMIBIC)Hospital Universitario Reina SofíaCórdoba 14004Spain

Extra virgin olive oil is characterized by its high content of unsaturated fatty acid residues in triglycerides,mainly oleic acid,and the presence of bioactive and antioxidant *** consumption is associated with lower risk of suffering chronic diseases and unwanted processes linked to aging,due to the antioxidant capacity and capability of its components to modulate cellular signaling *** of olive oil can alter the physiology of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).This may explain part of the healthy effects of olive oil consumption,such as prevention of unwanted aging *** date,there are no specific studies on the action of olive oil on MSCs,but effects of many components of such food on cell viability and differentiation have been *** objective of this article is to review existing literature on how different compounds of extra virgin olive oil,including residues of fatty acids,vitamins,squalene,triterpenes,pigments and phenols,affect MSC maintenance and differentiation,in order to provide a better understanding of the healthy effects of this ***,most studies have shown a positive effect of these compounds on *** collective findings support the hypothesis that at least part of the beneficial effects of extra virgin olive oil consumption on health may be mediated by its effects on MSCs.

关键词： Olive oil Mesenchymal stem cells Cellular differentiation Aging Cellular niche Mediterranean diet

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The Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity and Related Comorbidities among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Patients Attending the Same Clinics in Gaborone, Botswana

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 523-540页

作者： jose Gaby Tshikuka Matshwenyego Boitshwarelo Shimeles Genna Hamda Roy Tapera Ngoyi Kashiba Zacharie Bukonda Marie Esako Onokoko Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana Department of Nursing Science Faculty of Health Sciences National Pedagogical University Kinshasa I Congo Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Mbuji-Mayi Mbuji-Mayi Congo School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Context: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps restore the health status of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Likewise, it increases the risk of overweight/obesity and related comorbidities among the recipients. In countries like Botswana where ±84% of PLHIV is on ART, the paucity of data comparing overweight/obesity between HIV-positive on ART and HIV-negative patients may impede clinical and policy decision-making. This study sought to estimate and compare: i) the prevalence of overweight/obesity between HIV-positive on ART and HIV-negative patients;ii) the prevalence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM)/coronary heart disease (CHD) between HIV-positive patients on ART and HIV-negative patients attending same outpatient departments of general clinics in Gaborone, Botswana. Patients and Methods: Five hundred eighty-one (581) outpatients were recruited in four major clinics of Gaborone, Botswana, between June and July 2019;294 or 51% of them were HIV-negative and 287 or 49% were HIV-positive on ART. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and of HTN and DM/CHD were calculated and examined using stratified analysis. Subgroups were compared using Chi-square analysis with Yates correction or Fisher exact test and t-student test for continuous data. Results: Major findings after stratification of the study population by HIV status were: i) the prevalence of all categories of (BMI), including overweight/obesity, were comparable between HIV-negative-patients and HIV-positive. In fact, there were 24 (8.0%) cases of underweight among HIV-negative-Patients and 15(5%) cases among HIV-positive patients, p = 0.2;145 (49%) HIV-negative-patients and 128 (45%) HIV-positive, p = 0.07 cases of normal weight;72 (25%) HIV-negative-patients and 87 (30%) HIV-positive, p = 0.08, were overweight;53 (18%) HIV-negative-patients and 57 (20%) HIV-positive, p = 0.12, were obese;125 (43%) HIV-negative patients and 144 (50%) HIV-positive, p=0.06 were overweight/obese;ii) the prevalence of HTN a

关键词： Overweight/Obesity Related Comorbidities HIV-Positive HIV-Negative

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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe Lance Labun Stephen Milton Edward McCary Michael M.Spinks Hernan J.Quevedo Ou Z.Labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano jose A.Franco-Altamirano Martin L.Ringuette Erhart Gaul Scott V.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl Todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce Michael E.Donovan Michael C.Downer Dino A.Jaroszynski Bjorn manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

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盾构隧道环间剪切效应模拟分析-以隧道开孔为例

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铁道科学与工程学报 2024年

作者：高一民柳献 Gonzalo RAMOS jose TURMO 朱瑶宏同济大学地下建筑与工程系加泰罗尼亚理工大学土木与环境工程系宁波大学滨海城市轨道交通协同创新中心

盾构隧道处于不对称荷载下或结构体系发生变化时（如隧道联络通道开孔等），环缝剪切对盾构隧道的结构响应影响增大，环间剪切效应将进一步影响结构的极限承载力。然而现有的模型对环缝接头进行了不同程度的简化，这给在此过程中对隧道... 详细信息

盾构隧道处于不对称荷载下或结构体系发生变化时（如隧道联络通道开孔等），环缝剪切对盾构隧道的结构响应影响增大，环间剪切效应将进一步影响结构的极限承载力。然而现有的模型对环缝接头进行了不同程度的简化，这给在此过程中对隧道内环间剪切分布进行全面细致的分析带来了困难。为此，以接触原理为基础，建立一种“壳-接触”精细化模型，并与机械法联络通道主隧道开孔足尺试验结果对比，探明该过程的盾构隧道的环间剪切效应机理。研究结果表明：壳-接触模型采用“软接触”的方式，在保证可以模拟接头转动的前提下，也可以实现接头位置压力与剪切的耦合模拟，与实际环缝力学性质相符；在机械法联络通道开孔案例中，考虑摩擦损失的精细化模型结果对足尺实验结果模拟较好；开孔管片的环间剪切以径向剪切力为主；结构体系发生变化时，环缝的剪切力不再满足自平衡现象；且环缝剪切力的突变位置均为纵缝的位置；环间的最大径向剪切力发生位置揭示了盾构隧道开孔后的“环间传力”方向：从开孔位置逐渐向顶部靠近并最终消失；在实际工程中，应关注环间最大剪切力移动方向，经济高效的对环间剪切进行加固，确保有效环间传力。研究成果补充了机械法联络通道盾构隧道中开孔后的环间剪切效应，可为易发生环间错台的盾构隧道工程给出指导建议。

关键词：盾构隧道环间剪切效应壳-接触模型环间摩擦模拟机械法联络通道摩擦损失环间传力

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