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Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children

World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 11-25页

作者： Xian-li Zhang Xi Zhang Wang Hua Zheng-de Xie Han-Min liu Hai-lin Zhang Bi-Quan Chen Yuan Chen Xin Sun Yi Xu Sai-Nan Shu Shun-Ying Zhao Yun-Xiao Shang ling Cao Yan-Hui Jia Luo-Na lin Jiong li Chuang-li Hao Xiao-Yan Dong Dao-Jiong lin Hong-Mei Xu de-Yu Zhao Mei Zeng Zhi-Min Chen li-Su Huang department of Infectious Disease Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine3333 Binsheng RoadBinjiang DistrictHangzhou 310052China Clinical Research Unit Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina department of Pediatric Pulmonology West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina department of Pediatric Pulmonology the Second Affiliated Hospital&Yuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina department of Infectious Disease Anhui Provincial Children's HospitalHefeiChina department of Pediatrics the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina department of Pediatrics Xijing Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina department of Infectious Disease Guangzhou Women and Children's Medicine CenterGuangzhou Medicine UniversityGuangzhouChina department of Pediatrics Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina department of Respiratory Disease Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina department of Pediatric Respiratory Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina Respiratory department Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark department of Respirology Children's Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina department of Respiratory Children's Hospital of ShanghaiChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina department of Infectious Disease Hainan Women and Children's Medical CenterHaikouChina department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina department of Respiratory Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina department of Infectious Di

Background Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is the leading global cause of respiratory infections and is responsible for about 3 million hospitalizations and more than 100,000 deaths annually in children younger than 5 years,representing a major global healthcare *** is a great unmet need for new agents and universal strategies to prevent RSV infections in early life.A multidisciplinary consensus development group comprising experts in epidemiology,infectious diseases,respiratory medicine,and methodology aims to develop the current consensus to address clinical issues of RSV infections in *** sources The evidence searches and reviews were conducted using electronic databases,including PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane library,using variations in terms for"respiratory syncytial virus","RSV","lower respiratory tract infection","bronchiolitis","acute","viral pneumonia","neonatal","infant""children",and"pediatric".Results Evidence-based recommendations regarding diagnosis,treatment,and prevention were proposed with a high degree of *** supportive care remains the cornerstone for the management of RSV infections,new monoclonal antibodies,vaccines,drug therapies,and viral surveillance techniques are being rolled *** This consensus,based on international and national scientific evidence,reinforces the current recommendations and integrates the recent advances for optimal care and prevention of RSV *** improvements in the management of RSV infections will require generating the highest quality of evidence through rigorously designed studies that possess little bias and sufficient capacity to identify clinically meaningful end points.

关键词： Consensus prevention Respiratory syncytial virus Treatment

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Three-dimensional reconstruction of Late Miocene Trapa from eastern Zhejiang Province,China:Insights into its phytogeography and evolution

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第4期13卷 954-970页

作者： liang Xiao Man Yuan de-Shuang Ji li-Yan Guo Xiang-Chuan li Xing Wang Jia-Nan Wang Jia-Qi liang Mei-Ting Wang School of Earth Science and Resources and Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of the Ministry of EducationChang'an University State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early life and Environments Northwest University State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Northwest University

Abundant plant fossils were found in the Upper Miocene Shengxian Formation,eastern Zhejiang Province,China,among which Trapa belongs to a dominant *** fossil fruits of Trapa were well preserved with abundant ***,due to compaction during fossilization,Trapa fruits were often flattened,leading to the loss of some characteristic ***,a bias in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies would occur when such studies were based on these fruit *** this study,we present the first quantitative three-dimensional reconstruction of compressed Trapa fruit fossils to restore their original morphology prior to *** approach provides a novel perspective for the identification and classification of compressed fruit *** three-dimensional reconstruction of Trapa fruit fossils enabled accurate comparisons with extant *** subsequently identified it as a new species,named Trapa radiatiformis *** ***.,revealing differences from previously known taxa of ***,our comparison suggests that the long lower horns and residual stalk may represent inherent characteristics of early Trapa ***,these traits gradually degenerated during fruit evolution,resulting in morphological simplification during geological *** with primitive features exhibits good resemblance to Trapa natans fruit characteristics,which means it may be an ancestor of *** summarize the palaeogeographic distribution of fossil Trapa using previously published literature and demonstrate that the genus was mostprosperous in the Miocene and exhibited the same distribution as that at ***,through detailed morphological comparisons between Trapa and Hemitrapa fruits,along with phylogenetic analysis within the Primotrapa genus itself,we propose a homology between Trapa and Hemitrapa,suggesting that they could have a common ancestor.

关键词： Trapa Late Miocene Shengxian Formation Three-dimensional reconstruction Phytogeographic history Evolutionary history

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Consistency of Tropospheric Water Vapor between Reanalyses and Himawari-8/AHI Measurements over East Asia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 19-38页

作者： Di DI Jun li Yunheng XUE Min MIN Bo li Zhenglong li Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation China Meteorological AdministrationSchool of Atmospheric PhysicsNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China FYSIC National Satellite Meteorological CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Chengdu University of Information Science and Technology Chengdu 610225China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai 519082China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadison WI 53706WisconsinUSA Wuxi University Wuxi 214105China

High spatiotemporal resolution radiances from the advanced imagers onboard the new generation of geostationary weather satellites provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the abilities of various reanalysis datasets to depict multilayer tropospheric water vapor(WV),thereby enhancing our understanding of the deficiencies of WV in reanalysis *** on daily measurements from the Advanced Himawari Imager(AHI)onboard the Himawari-8 satellite in 2016,the bias features of multilayer WV from six reanalysis datasets over East Asia are thoroughly *** assessments show that wet biases exist in the upper troposphere in all six reanalysis datasets;in particular,these biases are much larger in ***,we find better depictions of WV in the middle troposphere than in the upper *** accuracy of WV in the ERA5 dataset is the highest,in terms of the bias magnitude,dispersion,and pattern *** characteristics of the WV bias over the Tibetan Plateau are significantly different from those over other parts of East *** addition,the reanalysis datasets all capture the shift of the subtropical high very well,with ERA5 performing better overall.

关键词： AHI reanalysis dataset multilayer water vapor assessment radiative transfer model

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(DarkAI)Mapping the large-scale density field of dark matter using artificial intelligence

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 143-159页

作者： Zitong Wang Feng Shi Xiaohu Yang Qingyang li Yanming liu Xiaoping li School of Aerospace Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710126China department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomyand Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and Key Laboratory for Particle Physics Astrophysics and CosmologyMinistry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Astronomy University of EdinburghRoyal ObservatoryEdinburgh EH93HJUnited Kingdom

Herein,we present a deep-learning technique for reconstructing the dark-matter density field from the redshift-space distribution of dark-matter *** built a UNet-architecture neural network and trained it using the COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration fast simulation,which is an approximation of the N-body simulation with 5123 particles in a box size of 500 h^(-1)***,we tested the resulting UNet model not only with training-like test samples but also with standard N-body simulations,such as the Jiutian simulation with 61443particles in a box size of 1000 h^(-1)Mpc and the ELUCID simulation,which has a different *** real-space dark-matter density fields in the three simulations can be reconstructed reliably with only a small reduction of the cross-correlation power spectrum at 1%and 10%levels at k=0.1 and 0.3 h Mpc-1,*** reconstruction clearly helps to correct for redshift-space distortions and is unaffected by the different cosmologies between the training(Planck2018)and test samples(WMAP5).Furthermore,we tested the application of the UNet-reconstructed density field to obtain the velocity&tidal field and found that this approach provides better results compared with the traditional approach based on the linear bias model,showing a 12.2%improvement in the correlation slope and a 21.1%reduction in the scatter between the predicted and true ***,our method is highly efficient and has excellent extrapolation reliability beyond the training *** provides an ideal solution for determining the three-dimensional underlying density field from the plentiful galaxy survey data.

关键词： dark matter large-scale structure cosmology

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Enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction in FePt film with remanence due to decrease in domain walls

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1108-1115页

作者： Hong Hong Dong-Xue liu Jun li Jun-Ming li li-Qian Wu Bo Yang Qing-Qi Cao Dun-Hui Wang National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for NanotechnologySchool of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou310018China Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819China

As an effective strategy to improve the properties of electrocatalysts,magnetic field-assisted electrocatalytic water splitting has attracted increasing attention ***,the corresponding enhancements mostly depend on the exertion of an external magnetic field during electrochemical reactions,which results in a high cost of industrial production,and makes the magnetic field manipulation of electrocatalysis become a challenging *** this work,instead of the external magnetic field,a bias magnetic field is self-supplied by the remanence state of a ferromagnetic electrocatalyst of *** to the assistance of this bias magnetic field,the FePt film in the remanence state shows the overpotential of 229 mV during hydrogen evolution reaction,which is much lower than that in its demagnetization state(283 mV).Our findings demonstrate that the remanence in ferromagnetic electrocatalysts can improve the catalytic performance,which is attributed to the decrease in domain walls.

关键词： Remanence Magnetic domains Electrocatalysis Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)

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Sustainable Intensification and Large-scale Operation of Cultivated Land Use at the Farmers’ Scale:A Case Study of Shandong Province,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第1期34卷 149-167页

作者： li li LYU Xiao ZHANG Anlu NIU Shandong PENG Wenlong School of Public Administration Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China department of Geography University of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland School of Humanities and Law Northeastern UniversityShenyang110169China School of Geography and Tourism Qufu Normal UniversityRizhao276800China

Sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) and large-scale operations(LSO) are widely acknowledged strategies for enhancing agricultural ***,the existing literature has faced challenges in precisely defining SICLU and constructing comprehensive indicators,which has hindered the exploration of factors influencing LSO within the SICLU *** address this gap,we integrated self-efficacy theory into the design of an index framework for evaluating *** subsequently employed econometric models to analyze the significant factors that impact *** findings reveal that SICLU can be divided into four key dimensions:intensive management,efficient output,resource conservation,and ecological environment ***,it is crucial to incorporate belief-based cognitive factors into the index system,as farmers’ understanding of fertilizer and pesticide application significantly influences their willingness to engage in ***,we identify grain market turnover as the most influential factor in promoting LSO,with single-factor contribution rates reaching 70.9% for cultivated land transfer willingness and 62.5% for the total planting ***,unlike irrigation and agricultural machinery inputs,increased labor inputs correspond to larger planting areas for *** trend may be attributed to reduced labor availability because of rural labor migration,whereas the reduction in irrigation and agricultural input is contingent on innovations in production practices and the transfer of cultivated land management ***,SICLU dynamically influences LSO,with each index related to SICLU having an optimal range that fosters *** insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers,emphasizing farmers as their central focus,with the adjustment of input and output factors as a means to achieve LSO as the ultimate *** conclusion,we propose research avenues for further enriching the SICLU framework to ensur

关键词： sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) self-efficacy status quo bias input and output Boosted Regression Tree willingness to transfer cultivated land cultivated land planting areas Shandong,China

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Non-innocent partners:bias distribution between photoanodes and cathodes in photoelectrochemical overall water-splitting cells

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 88-89页

作者： Wei li Dunwei Wang department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) overall water splitting (OWS) represents a highly promising strategy to directly harvest solar energy and store it in the form of fuels,offering unique benefits such as mitigating issues con...

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Interplay between magnetic gap and quasiparticle lifetime in topological insulator ferromagnet/f-wave superconductor junctions

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第7期76卷 156-164页

作者： Hong li Xinjian Yang College of Science China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China

Using the modified Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk(BTK)theory,the interplay between the lifetime of quasi particles and the magnetic gap in a topological insulator-based ferromagnet/fwave superconductor(TI-based FM/f-wave SC)tunnel structure is theoretically *** symmetries of f_(1) and f_(2) waves are considered for superconducting pairing *** results indicate that reducing the finite quasi-particle lifetime will induce a transformation of energy-gap peaks into a zero-bias peak in tunneling conductance spectrum,as well as a transformation of energy-gap dips into a zero-bias dip in shot noise spectrum,ultimately resulting in the smoothing of the zero-bias conductance peak and the zero-bias shot noise *** increase in magnetic gap will suppress the tunnel conductance and shot noise when the conventional Andreev retroreflection dominates,but will enhance them when the specular Andreev reflection is *** specular Andreev reflection and conventional Andreev retro-reflection will be enhanced as the quasi-particle lifetime *** Fermi energy equals the magnetic gap,shot noise and tunneling conductance vanish across all energy *** findings not only contribute to a better understanding of specular Andreev reflection in the FM/f-wave SC junction based on TIs but also provide insights for experimentally determining the f-wave pairing symmetry.

关键词： TI-based FM/f-wave SC junction magnetic gap finite-quasi-particles lifetime Andreev retro-reflection specular Andreev reflection

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A Neural-network-based Alternative Scheme to Include Nonhydrostatic Processes in an Atmospheric Dynamical Core

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1083-1099,I0002,I0003页

作者： Yang XIA Bin WANG lijuan li li liU Jianghao li li DONG Shiming XU Yiyuan li Wenwen XIA Wenyu HUANG Juanjuan liU Yong WANG Hongbo liU Ye PU Yujun HE Kun XIA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling and Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Group 311020008 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhai 519000China Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing Center Shanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Earth System Modeling and Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China College of Ocean Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Here,a nonhydrostatic alternative scheme(NAS)is proposed for the grey zone where the nonhydrostatic impact on the atmosphere is evident but not large enough to justify the necessity to include an implicit nonhydrostatic solver in an atmospheric dynamical *** NAS is designed to replace this solver,which can be incorporated into any hydrostatic models so that existing well-developed hydrostatic models can effectively serve for a longer *** advances in machine learning(ML)provide a potential tool for capturing the main complicated nonlinear-nonhydrostatic *** this study,an ML approach called a neural network(NN)was adopted to select leading input features and develop the *** NNs were trained and evaluated with 12-day simulation results of dry baroclinic-wave tests by the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)*** forward time difference of the nonhydrostatic tendency was used as the target variable,and the five selected features were the nonhydrostatic tendency at the last time step,and four hydrostatic variables at the current step including geopotential height,pressure in two different forms,and potential temperature,***,a practical NAS was developed with these features and trained layer by layer at a 20-km horizontal resolution,which can accurately reproduce the temporal variation and vertical distribution of the nonhydrostatic *** by the NN-based NAS,the improved hydrostatic solver at different horizontal resolutions can run stably for at least one month and effectively reduce most of the nonhydrostatic errors in terms of system bias,anomaly root-mean-square error,and the error of the wave spatial pattern,which proves the feasibility and superiority of this scheme.

关键词： neural network nonhydrostatic alternative scheme atmospheric model dynamical core

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Comprehensive applicability evaluation of four precipitation products at multiple spatiotemporal scales in Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第9期16卷 1232-1254页

作者： WANG Xiangyu XU Min KANG Shichang li Xuemei HAN Haidong li Xingdong School of Mathematics Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Faculty of Geomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China

Precipitation plays a crucial role in the water cycle of Northwest *** accurate precipitation data is crucial for regional water resource management,hydrological forecasting,flood control and drought ***,the applicability of multi-source precipitation products for long time series in Northwest China has not been thoroughly *** this study,precipitation data from 183 meteorological stations in Northwest China from 1979 to 2020 were selected to assess the regional applicability of four precipitation products(the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate(ERA5),Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC),Climatic Research Unit gridded Time Series Version 4.07(CRU TS v4.07,hereafter CRU),and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM))based on the following statistical indicators:correlation coefficient,root mean square error(RMSE),relative bias(RB),mean absolute error(MAE),probability of detection(POD),false alarm ratio(FAR),and equitable threat score(ETS).The results showed that precipitation in Northwest China was generally high in the east and low in the west,and exhibited an increasing trend from 1979 to *** with the station observations,ERA5 showed a larger spatial distribution difference than the other *** overall overestimation of multi-year average precipitation was approximately 200.00 mm and the degree of overestimation increased with increasing precipitation *** multi-year average precipitation of GPCC and CRU was relatively close to that of station *** trend of annual precipitation of TRMM was overestimated in high-altitude regions and the eastern part of Lanzhou with more *** the monthly scale,GPCC performed well but underestimated precipitation in the Tarim Basin(RB=-4.11%),while ERA5 and TRMM exhibited poor accuracy in high-altitude ***5 had a large bias(RB≥120.00%)in winter months

关键词： precipitation products the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate(ERA5) Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC) Climatic Research Unit gridded Time Series(CRU TS) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) applicability evaluation Northwest China

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