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Ionizing terahertz waves with 260 MV/cm from scalable optical rectification

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1075-1087页

作者： Hyeongmun Kim Chul Kang Dogeun Jang Yulan Roh Sang Hwa Lee joong Wook Lee Jae Hee Sung Seong Ku Lee Ki-Yong Kim Advanced Photonics Research Institute GISTGwangju61005Korea Department of Physics and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory POSTECHPohang37673Korea Center for Relativistic Laser Science Institute for Basic ScienceGwangju61005Korea Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics Department of PhysicsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland20742USA

Terahertz(THz)waves,known as non-ionizing radiation owing to their low photon energies,can actually ionize atoms and molecules when a sufficiently large number of THz photons are concentrated in time and ***,we demonstrate the generation of ionizing,multicycle,15-THz waves emitted from large-area lithium niobate crystals via phase-matched optical rectification of 150-terawatt laser pulses.A complete characterization of the generated THz waves in energy,pulse duration,and focal spot size shows that the field strength can reach up to 260 megavolts per *** particular,a single-shot THz interferometer is employed to measure the THz pulse duration and spectrum with complementary numerical *** intense THz pulses are irradiated onto various solid targets to demonstrate THz-induced tunneling ionization and plasma *** study also discusses the potential of nonperturbative THz-driven ionization in gases,which will open up new opportunities,including nonlinear and relativistic THz physics in plasma.

关键词： optical interferometer matched

Changes in structural plasticity of hippocampal neurons in an animal model of multiple sclerosis

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 398-414页

作者： Poornima D.E.Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage Sohi Kang joong-Sun Kim Sung-Ho Kim Hongbing Wang Taekyun Shin Changjong Moon Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR ProgramChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science Institute of Health SciencesCollege of MedicineGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52727Republic of Korea Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Veterinary Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research InstituteJeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea

Structural plasticity is critical for the functional diversity of neurons in the *** autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)is the most commonly used model for multiple sclerosis(MS),successfully mimicking its key pathological features(inflammation,demyelination,axonal loss,and gliosis)and clinical symptoms(motor and non-motordysfunctions).Recentstudieshave demonstrated the importance of synaptic plasticity in EAE *** the present study,we investigated the features of behavioral alteration and hippocampal structural plasticity in EAE-affected mice in the early phase(11 days post-immunization,DPI)and chronic phase(28DPI).EAE-affected mice exhibited hippocampus-related behavioral dysfunction in the open field test during both early and chronic *** complexity was largely affected in the cornu ammonis 1(CA1)and CA3 apical and dentate gyrus(DG)subregions of the hippocampus during the chronic phase,while this effect was only noted in the CA1 apical subregion in the early ***,dendritic spine density was reduced in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 apical/basal and DG subregions in the early phase of EAE,but only reduced in the DG subregion during the chronic ***,mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines(Il1β,Tnfα,and Ifnγ)and glial cell markers(Gfap and Cd68)were significantly increased,whereas the expression of activity-regulated cytoskeletonassociated protein(ARC)was reduced during the chronic ***,exposure to the aforementioned cytokines in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons reduced dendritic complexity and ARC *** cultures of hippocampal neurons also showed significantly reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)phosphorylation upon treatment with proinflammatory ***,these results suggest that autoimmune neuroinflammation alters structural plasticity in the hippocampus,possibly through the ERK-ARC pathway,indicating that this alteration may be associated with hi

关键词： Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein Anxiety-like behavior Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Hippocampal dysfunction Neuroinflammation

Highly Elastic,Bioresorbable Polymeric Materials for Stretchable,Transient Electronic Systems

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第6期16卷 1-13页

作者： Jeong‑Woong Shin Dong‑Je Kim Tae‑Min Jang Won Bae Han joong Hoon Lee Gwan‑Jin Ko Seung Min Yang Kaveti Rajaram Sungkeun Han Heeseok Kang Jun Hyeon Lim Chan‑Hwi Eom Amay J.Bandodkar Hanul Min Suk‑Won Hwang KU‑KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University145 Anam‑roSeongbuk‑guSeoul 02841Republic of Korea SK Hynix 2091Gyeongchung‑daeroBubal‑eupIcheon‑siGyeonggi‑do 17336Republic of Korea Hanwha Systems Co. Ltd.188Pangyoyeok‑roBundang‑guSeongnam‑siGyeonggi‑do 13524Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27606USA Center for Advanced Self‑Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies(ASSIST) North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27606USA Department of Integrative Energy Engineering Korea University145 Anam‑roSeongbuk‑guSeoul 02841Republic of Korea Biomaterials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)5 Hwarang‑ro 14‑gilSeongbuk‑guSeoul 02792Republic of Korea Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Co.Ltd.Hwaseong‑siGyeonggi‑do 18448Republic of Korea Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition Biomedical Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea

Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient,bioresorbable electronic systems;however,elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very limited compared to nontransient ***,we introduce a bioresorbable elastomer,poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)(PGCL),that contains excellent material properties including high elongation-at-break(<1300%),resilience and toughness,and tunable dissolution *** of PGCLs as polymer matrices,in combination with conducing polymers,yields stretchable,conductive composites for degradable interconnects,sensors,and actuators,which can reliably function under external *** of device components with wireless modules demonstrates elastic,transient electronic suture system with on-demand drug delivery for rapid recovery of postsurgical wounds in soft,time-dynamic tissues.

关键词： Biodegradable elastomer Conductive polymer composites Biomedical device Transient electronics

Strain hardening rate dependency of deformation shape,strain distribution,and contact pressure during wire flat rolling

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2023年第3期30卷 475-486页

作者： joong-Ki Hwang School of Mechatronics Engineering Korea University of Technology and EducationCheonan 31253Republic of Korea

The effect of the strain hardening exponent(n)of a material on the changes in shape,strain inhomogeneity,and contact pressure was investigated during wire flat rolling to understand its effect on the deformation behavior of a flat-rolled wire and to determine the optimal working conditions with *** deformation behaviors of wires with various n values were systematically compared using finite element *** shape of the deformed wire was found to depend on the n value of the *** the contact width and lateral spreading of the wire decrease with increasing n,resulting in a large reduction in area with the n *** strain homogeneity of the wire increases with the n value of the *** improvement in the strain homogeneity with the n value is attributable to two factors:a lower strain concentration in the central region and a higher overall elongation as n *** addition,the average effective strain of the wire cross section decreases with the n value of a material during wire flat *** contact pressure distribution on the surface of the wire differs significantly depending on the n *** materials with a low n value,the contact pressure exhibits a higher value at the entry and edge zones of the contact *** contrast,materials with high n values exhibit a higher contact pressure at the exit *** behavior can be explained by the strain hardening behavior of the material during wire flat rolling.

关键词： Strain hardening exponent Wire flat rolling Shape change Strain inhomogeneity Contact pressure

Posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide injection for annular choroidal detachment resistant to systemic immunosuppressive treatment

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第1期16卷 143-146页

作者： Dae joong Ma Department of Ophthalmology Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart HospitalSeoul 07441Republic of Korea

Dear Editor,I report two cases of annular choroidal detachment,which was resistant to systemic immunosuppressive treatment and presented a diagnostic dilemma but responded to posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonid... 详细信息

关键词： injection acetonide choroidal

A Regional Economy's Resistance to the COVID-19 Shock: Sales Revenues of Micro-, Small-, and Medium-Sized Enterprises in South Korea

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第2期13卷 190-198页

作者： Seong-Jin Lee joong-Hoo Park Seung-Min Cha Donghyun Kim Department of Public Policy and Management.Pusan National University Busan 46241South Korea Department of Urban Planning and Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241South Korea

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is a global pandemic that has heavily impacted not only the health sector, but also the economic sector in *** countries have projected a negative economic impact, and the effect on micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises(MSMEs) is predicted to be significantly *** study estimated the regional resistance of MSME sales revenues and identified the regional economic factors that affect resistance by analyzing South Korea, a country with one of the lowest economic impact projections from COVID-19. Resistance was estimated by comparing sales revenues and changes in resistance observed during the early COVID-19 period to those recorded in the same weeks(weeks 6 to 9) of 2019. The factors that affect regional resistance were determined by conducting robust regression and spatial regression analyses. The results show that the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, a direct risk factor, is negatively related to regional resilience, while diversity is positively related to regional resistance. To improve the regional resistance against uncertain events, this study recommends increased diversity among regional industrial structures to reduce the duration of the early shock of an unexpected adverse event.

关键词： COVID-19 Economic resistance MSMEs South Korea

Epidural blood patch for spontaneous intracranial hypotension with subdural hematoma: A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第1期10卷 388-396页

作者： Se Hee Choi Youn Young Lee Won-joong Kim Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Ewha Womans University Mokdong HospitalSeoul 07985South Korea Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine School of MedicineEwha Womans UniversitySeoul 07985South Korea

BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)leakage at C1/2 in spontaneous intracranial hypotension(SIH)is *** hematoma(SDH),a serious complication of SIH,may lead to neurological *** report presents a case of SDH after spontaneous C1/2 CSF leakage,which was treated with a targeted epidural blood patch(EBP).CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old man with no history of trauma was admitted to our hospital with orthostatic headache,nausea,and *** computed tomography imaging revealed bilateral,subacute to chronic *** magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)findings were SDH with dural enhancement in the bilateral cerebral convexity and posterior fossa and mild sagging,suggesting *** the patient underwent burr hole trephination,the patient’s orthostatic headache was *** myelography led to a suspicion of CSF leakage at C1/***,we performed a targeted cervical EBP using an epidural catheter under fluoroscopic *** 5 d after EBP,a follow-up MR myelography revealed a decrease in the interval size of the CSF *** his symptoms improved,the patient still complained of headaches;therefore,we repeated the targeted cervical EBP 6 d after the initial ***,his headache had almost disappeared on the 8th day after the repeated *** Targeted EBP is an effective treatment for SDH in patients with SIH due to CSF leakage at C1/2.

关键词： Cerebrospinal fluid Chronic subdural hematoma Epidural blood patch Myelography Spontaneous intracranial hypotension Case report

Ultrasound-guided intra-articular corticosteroid injection in a patient with manubriosternal joint involvement of ankylosing spondylitis:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第9期11卷 2043-2050页

作者： Min-Hee Choi In-Young Yoon Won-joong Kim Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Ewha Womans University Mokdong HospitalSeoul 07985South Korea

BACKGROUND Manubriosternal joint(MSJ)disease is a rare cause of anterior chest pain but can be a major sign of systemic arthritic *** patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS),a type of systemic arthritis,chest pain can be due to MSJ involvement and can be improved by ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection into the *** SUMMARY A 64-year-old man visited our pain clinic complaining of anterior chest *** were no abnormal findings on lateral sternum X-ray,but arthritic changes in the MSJ were observed on single-photon emission computed tomography-computed *** performed additional laboratory tests,and he was finally diagnosed with *** pain relief,we performed ultrasound-guided intra-articular(IA)corticosteroid injections into the *** the injections,his pain nearly *** For patients complaining of anterior chest pain,AS should be considered,and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography can be helpful in *** addition,ultrasound-guided IA corticosteroid injections may be effective for pain relief.

关键词： Ankylosing spondylitis Anterior chest pain Manubriosternal joint Single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography Case report

Stable Zn Metal Anodes with Limited Zn-Doping in MgF_(2) Interphase for Fast and Uniformly Ionic Flux

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第3期14卷 169-183页

作者： Ji Young Kim Guicheng Liu Ryanda Enggar Anugrah Ardhi Jihun Park Hansung Kim joong Kee Lee Energy Storage Research Center Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyHwarang‑ro 14‑gil 5Seongbuk‑guSeoul 02792Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University50 Yonsei‑roSeodaemun‑guSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Physics Dongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea APC Technology 10868 Gangbyeonyeok‑ro‑4‑gilGwangjin‑guSeoul 05116Republic of Korea Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering KIST SchoolKorea University of Science and TechnologyHwarang‑ro 14‑gil 5Seongbuk‑guSeoul 02792Republic of Korea

The practical applications of aqueous Zn metal batteries are currently restricted by the inherent drawbacks of Zn such as the hydrogen evolution reaction,sluggish kinetics,and dendrite *** address these problems,herein,a limitedly Zn-doped MgF_(2)interphase comprising an upper region of pure,porous MgF_(2)and a lower region of gradient Zn-doped MgF_(2)is achieved via radio frequency sputtering *** porous MgF_(2)region is a polar insulator whose high corrosion resistance facilitates the de-solvation of the solvated Zn ions and suppression of hydrogen evolution,resulting in Zn metal electrodes with a low interfacial *** Zn-doped MgF_(2)region facilitates fast transfer kinetics and homogeneous deposition of Zn ions owing to the interfacial polarization between the Zn dopant and MgF_(2)matrix,and the high concentration of the Zn dopant on the surface of the metal substrate as fine ***,a symmetric cell incorporating the proposed Zn metal exhibits low overpotentials of~27.2 and~99.7 mV without Zn dendrites over 250 to 8000 cycles at current densities of 1.0 and 10.0 mA cm−2,*** developed Zn/MnO2 full cell exhibits superior capacity retentions of 97.5%and 84.0%with average Coulombic efficiencies of 99.96%after 1000 and 3000 cycles,respectively.

关键词： Zinc metal battery MgF_(2)layer Limited zinc doping Ion-transfer kinetic Deposition guidance