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A lesson for the West

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China Today 2024年第11期73卷 46-47页

作者： WIllIAM jones the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies Renmin University of China

While China trims the sails to meet temporary economic headwinds head-on by unveiling a package of incremental policies,some Western countries must realize anti-China measures like increased tariffs will only lead to ... 详细信息

关键词： tariff measures winds

Surgical or medical treatment of obesity-associated type 2 diabetesan increasing clinical conundrum

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第10期15卷 2036-2040页

作者： Ryan J Jalleh Karen l jones Md Shahidul Islam lu Cai Michael Horowitz Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to good Health University of Adelaide Endocrine and Metabolic Unit Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000South AustraliaAustralia Department of Biochemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa Pediatric Research Institute Departments of PediatricsRadiation OncologyPharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleWendy Novak Diabetes InstituteNorton Children’s HospitalLouisvilleKY 40202United States

In this editorial,we comment on the article by He et al,specifically in relation to the efficacy of bariatric surgery vs glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(glP-1RA)therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes(T2D)associated with *** surgery has now also been shown to be safe and effective in pre-teens and teenagers with obesity and T2D,but information on newer glP-1RAs in these groups is predictably *** older individuals(age>65 years),both bariatric surgery and glP-1RA therapy improve cardiovascular ***-tric surgery is not infrequently associated with post-operative postprandial hypoglycemia,which is not the case with glP-1RAs and,paradoxically,there is evidence that glP-1RAs may reduce both the frequency and severity of postprandial *** trials of the long-term efficacy of bariatric surgery and glP-1RAs are indicated.

关键词： glucagon-like peptide-1 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist Obesity Diabetes Weight loss Bariatric surgery Metabolic surgery Hypoglycemia

Development of endemicity and conservation importance indices for tropical forests and the floral diversity assessment of *** in Benguet,Philippines

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 786-804页

作者： Johndale Rein T.BUllONg Jim P.SIlVERIO Joanna I.AlAFAg Maricel A.gURON jones T.NAPAlDET Department of Environmental Science Benguet State UniversityLa Trinidad 2601Philippines Department of Biology Benguet State UniversityLa Trinidad 2601Philippines

The scientific community faces the challenge of measuring progress toward biodiversity targets and indices have been traditionally ***,recent inventories in secondary tropical mountain forests using traditional biodiversity indices have yielded results that are indistinct with primary *** shows the need to develop complementary indices that goes beyond species count but integrates the distribution and conservation status of the *** study developed endemicity and conservation importance index for tropical forest that incorporated the distribution and conservation status of the *** indices were applied to ***,a remnant primary mossy forest in Buguias,Benguet,Philippines,that resulted to endemicity index of 81.07 and conservation importance index of *** these with secondary forest sites with comparable Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,Evenness and Marg.lef’s indices,our endemicity and conservation indices clearly differentiates primary forest(our study site)with higher values from secondary forests with much lower ***,we are proposing these indices for a direct but scientifically-informed identification of specific sites for conservation and protection in tropical ***,our study documented a total of 168 vascular plant species(79 endemic and 12 locally threatened species)in *** are of tropical elements for both generic and species levels with some temperate elements that could be attributed to the site's high elevation and semi-temperate *** are important baseline information for conservation plans and monitoring of tropical mossy forests.

关键词： Endemicity index Conservation importance index Cordillera Central Range Floristic element Jaccard Index of Similarity

Dysreg.lated bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk:A core determinant of lung fibrosis progression

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Chinese Medical Journal Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 2024年第1期2卷 27-33页

作者： liudi Yao Zijian Xu Donna E.Davies Mark g.jones Yihua Wang Biological Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for life Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK

Progressive lung fibrosis is characterized by dysreg.lated extracellular matrix(ECM)***-ing of disease pathogenesis remains limited and has prevented the development of effective *** an abnormal wound-healing response is strongly implicated in lung fibrosis initiation,factors that determine why fi-brosis progresses rather than reg.lar tissue repair occur are not fully *** human lung fibrosis,there is evidence of altered epithelial and mesenchymal populations as well as cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),a dynamic and reversible biological process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and down-reg.late cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion to gain migratory *** review will focus on the role of EMT and dysreg.lated epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in progressive lung fibrosis.

关键词： lung fibrosis Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) Crosstalk

The Role of Age as a Risk Factor for Pickleball-Related Injuries

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Health 2024年第1期16卷 87-91页

作者： Ches jones Bart Hammig Department of Health Human Performance and Recreation University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA

Pickleball is a popular sport that includes players from many different demographics. The popularity has resulted in not only increases in participation but also in activity related injuries. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors along with potential mechanisms for injuries related to pickleball and identify effective countermeasures. Methods included the identification of pickleball related injuries from a US National Emergency Room database (NEISS). A narrative section of the database was used to identify and categorize potential mechanisms of injury. Results indicated that the types and mechanisms of injury relate to three specific age groups: younger, middle age, and older players. Injuries to younger players under the age of 26 are likely the result of misuse of sport equipment. Middle aged players from 26 to 50 sustained injuries more related activity overuse. However, there were more concerns with players over 50 years of age with a great percentage resulting in cardia arrest or symptoms leading to more severe cardiovascular conditions. While pickleball activity should be encouraged as it is a beneficial form of physical activity, there should be specific age-group interventions to reduce injury. It should be hig.ly recommended that doctors approve the activity for individual at risk for heart conditions and supervision for adults in that age group.

关键词： Physical Activity Cardiac Arrest Epidemiology Pickleball Injury

The Use of Biologic Treatments for Osteoarthritis: A Review

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Open Journal of Regenerative Medicine 2024年第2期13卷 21-40页

作者： William Thornton Sion glyn-jones Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK

Background: The number of people presenting with osteoarthritis is increasing due, larg.ly, to an ageing population and advances in medical treatments. This is driving the demand for new clinical solutions and treatments for the disease. Biologic therapies have been touted as an adjunct, or even alternative to established treatments for osteoarthritis. The term “biologics” refers to protein-based therapeutics that are derived from the proteins of living organisms. These treatments include, but are not limited to: autologous blood products such as platelet rich plasma (PRP), cell therapies such as autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors and cytokines, gene therapy. Aim: This study aims to provide a clear definition of these technologies and describe the evidence supporting their clinical efficacy to treat osteoarthritis. This is to provide clarity to both clinicians and patients on the range of technologies available. Method: literature databases Embase and PubMed were searched for keywords such as “biologic”, “osteoarthritis”. Results: The literature identified 4 primary categories of biologic treatments for osteoarthritis: stem cell therapy, somatic cell therapy, protein therapy and gene therapy. The evidence level varied in its quality from treatment to treatment, as did the conclusions of published studies. Conclusion: Autologous chondrocyte therapy had the most convincing evidence to support its use as a treatment for osteoarthritis, however, current methods of use produced variable results. Other treatments such as platelet rich plasma and bone marrow derived stem cells show promise as potential future therapies, with more refinement, but evidence does not support their use currently. Other treatments including autologous stem cells should be avoided until there is a greater quantity and quality of evidence supporting their use.

关键词： Osteoarthritis Biologics gene Therapy Stem Cell Protein Therapy

Surgical management of the diabetic foot:The current evidence

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 404-417页

作者： Richard Henry Randall Roberts gareth Rhys Davies-jones James Brock Vaishnav Satheesh greg AJ Robertson Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Wrexham Maelor HospitalWrexham LL137TDUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic HospitalOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications,particularly diabetic foot pathologies,poses significant healthcare challenges and economic burdens *** review synthesises current evidence on the surgical management of the diabetic foot,focusing on the interplay between neuropathy,ischemia,and infection that commonly culminates in ulcers,infections,and,in severe cases,*** escalating incidence of diabetes mellitus underscores the urgency for effective management strategies,as diabetic foot complications are a leading cause of hospital admissions among diabetic patients,significantly impacting morbidity and mortality *** review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic foot complications and further examines diabetic foot ulcers,infections,and skeletal pathologies such as Charcot arthropathy,emphasising the critical role of early diagnosis,comprehensive management strategies,and interdisciplinary care in mitigating adverse *** addressing surgical interventions,this review evaluates conservative surgeries,amputations,and reconstructive procedures,hig.lighting the importance of tailored approaches based on individual patient profiles and the specific characteristics of foot *** integration of advanced diagnostic tools,novel surgical techniques,and postoperative care,including offloading and infection control,are discussed in the context of optimising healing and preserving.limb function.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetic foot Charcot Osteomyelitis Amputation Diabetic foot attack Conservative surgery

Manipulation of photosensory and circadian signaling restricts phenotypic plasticity in response to changing environmental conditions in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2024年第9期17卷 1458-1471页

作者： Martin William Battle Scott Fraser Ewing Cathryn Dickson Joseph Obaje Kristen N.Edgeworth Rebecca Bindbeutel Rea lAntoniou-Kourounioti Dmitri A.Nusinow Matthew Alan jones Plant Science group School of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK Danforth Plant Science Center St.LouisMO 63132USA Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA Present address:School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L22QPUK

Plants exploit phenotypic plasticity to adapt their growth and development to prevailing environmental *** of light and temperature signals is aided by the circadian system,which provides a temporal *** plasticity provides a selective and competitive advantage in nature but is obstructive during.large-scale,intensive agricultural practices since economically important traits(including vegetative growth and flowering time)can vary widely depending on local environmental *** prevents accurate prediction of harvesting times and produces a variable *** this study,we sought to restrict phenotypic plasticity and circadian reg.lation by manipulating signaling systems that govern plants'responses to environmental *** modeling of plant growth and develop-ment predicted reduced plant responses to changing environments when circadian and light signaling pathways were *** tested this prediction by utilizing a constitutively active allele of the plant photoreceptor phytochrome B,along with disruption of the circadian systemvia mutation of *** found that these manipulations produced plants that are less responsive to light and temper-ature cues and thus fail to anticipate *** engineered plants have uniform vegetative growth and flowering time,demonstrating how phenotypic plasticity can be limited while maintaining plant *** has significant implications for future agriculture in both open fields and controlled environments.

关键词： circadian developmental plasticity phenotypic plasticity external coincidence light temperature

Biodiversity responses to insular fragmentation in Amazonia: Two decades of research in the Balbina Hydroelectric Reservoir

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Zoological Research(Diversity and Conservation) 2024年第2期1卷 106-116页

作者： Ana Filipa Palmeirim Maíra Benchimol Danielle Storck-Tonon Anderson S.Bueno Isabel l.jones g.lmar Klein Carlos A.Peres CIBIO Research Centre of Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesInBIO Associated LabVairão CampusUniversity of PortoVairão 4485-661Portugal BIOPOlIS Program in genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairão CampusUniversity of PortoVairão 4485-661Portugal laboratório de Ecologia AplicadaàConservação Universidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBahia 45662-900Brazil Programa de Pós-graduação em Ambiente e Sistemas de Produção Agrícola(PPgASP) Universidade do Estado de Mato GrossoTangaráda SerraMato Grosso 78301-532Brazil Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia FarroupilhaJúlio de CastilhosRio Grande do Sul 98130-000Brazil Biological and Environmental Sciences University of StirlingStirling FK94LAUK REBIO Uatumã/ICMBio Presidente FigueiredoAmazonas 69736-000Brazil Centre for Ecology Evolution and ConservationSchool of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK JuruáInstitute ManausAmazonas 69057-060Brazil

As hydropower development expands across lowland tropical forests,flooding and concomitant insular fragmentation have become important threats to *** created insular landscapes serve as natural laboratories to investigate biodiversity responses to *** of these most iconic landscapes is the Balbina Hydroelectric Reservoir in Brazilian Amazonia,occupying>400000 ha and comprising>3500 forest ***,we synthesise the current knowledge on responses of a wide range of biological groups to insular fragmentation at *** has larg.ly concentrated on a set of 22 islands and three mainland *** total,39 studies were conducted over nearly two decades,covering 17 vertebrate,invertebrate,and plant *** species responses varied according to taxonomic group,island area was consistently included and played a pivotal role in 66.7%of all studies examining patterns of species *** persistence was further affected by species traits,mostly related to species capacity to use/traverse the aquatic matrix or tolerate habitat degradation,as noted for species of vertebrates and orchid *** research is needed to improve our understanding of such effects on wider ecosystem *** Impact Assessments must account for changes in both the remaining habitat amount and configuration,and subsequent long-term species losses.

关键词： Habitat loss Hydropower dams landbridge local extinctions Species-area relationships Species diversity Tropical forests