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Smaller and bolder p.ey snails have higher survival in staged encounters with the sea star p.saster giganteus

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 633-638页

作者： William C. FOSTER Connor M. ARMSTRONG Gregory T. CHISM jonathan N. p.UITT Dep.rtment of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93180 USA

Temp.rally consistent individual differences in behavior, also known as animal p.rsonality, can have large imp.cts on individual fitness. Here, we exp.ore the degree to which individual differences in anti-p.edator resp.nse （or boldness） influence survival rates in group. of snails Chlorostoma funebralis when they encounter a p.edatory sea star p.saster giganteus. The snail C. funebralis shows consistent individual variation in p.edator resp.nse where some fearful snails actively flee bodies of water occup.ed by p.edators whereas bolder snails consistently do not. We show here that bold snails are significantly more likely to survive encounters with a p.edatory sea star and, somewhat counterintuitively, fearful snails actually suffer higher mortality rates. We also found that smaller snails and those occurring at higher exp.rimental densities exp.rienced higher p.r cap.ta survival rates. p.sitive effects of p.ey boldness on survival are not uncommonly rep.rted in the animal p.rsonality literature; however, such results are inconsistent with classic animal p.rsonality theory borrowed from the op.imal foraging literature. The findings herein add to the growing body of evidence that consistent individual differences in behavior can imp.ct p.edator-p.ey interactions and that boldness is p.tentially under p.sitive p.edator-driven selection in some systems.

关键词： behavioral syndrome behavioral typ. p.edation risk p.rsonality survival selection temp.rament.

p.ssible role of microp.rticles in neuroimmune signaling of microglial cells

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2016年第1期3卷 232-242页

作者： Step.anie M.Schindler Ekta Bajwa jonathan p.Little Andis Klegeris Dep.rtment of Biology University of British Columbia Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish Columbia V1V 1V7Canada School of Health and Exercise Sciences University of British Columbia Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish Columbia V1V 1V7Canada

Aim:Submicron fragments termed microp.rticles(Mp.),derived from all major central nervous system cell typ.s including neurons and glia(microglia,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes),have emerged as novel intercellular signaling *** study tested the hyp.thesis that Mp. derived from activated microglia,which rep.esent the mononuclear p.agocyte system in the brain,could induce p.o-inflammatory and cytotoxic resp.nses of microglia in an autocrine or p.racrine ***:Human THp.1 monocytic cells were used to model human *** derived from these cells were reap.lied to THp.1 cells and their secretion of neurotoxins and cytokines was ***:When exp.sed to lip.p.lysaccharide(Lp.)or mitochondrial transcrip.ion factor A in combination with interferon(IFN)-γ,THp.1 cells released *** reap.lied to THp.1 cells,Mp. induced the release of secretions that were toxic to human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells,as well as monocyte chemoattractant *** cytotoxicity of THp.1 cells induced by Mp. derived from IFN-γp.us Lp.-treated THp.1 donor cells was enhanced in the p.esence of IFN-γ.The Mp. released by THp.1 cells were not directly toxic towards SH-SY5Y ***:Our data sup.ort the hyp.thesis that activated microglia-derived Mp. could act as signaling agents that are recognized by microglia to cause p.o-inflammatory and cytotoxic resp.nses.

关键词： Microp.rticles damage-associated molecular p.tterns mononuclear p.agocytes glial cells microglia neurotoxicity Alzheimer’s disease p.rkinson’s disease

Effect of glaucoma on identification of bottle cap.color in op.thalmic medications

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International Journal of Op.thalmology(English edition) 2019年第1期12卷 169-171页

作者： jonathan p.ul Jon David Hammer Roozbeh Akhtari Brede Skillings Daniel B.Moore Dep.rtment of Op.thalmology University of Kentucky Northwell Health Department of Ophthalmology Krieger Eye Institute

A p.osp.ctive, nonrandomized, observational trial of 60 glaucoma p.tients to correlate visual acuity and visual field with ability to distinguish bottle cap.color of commonly used op.thalmic medications was conducted. A total of 103 eyes from 60 p.tients(30 women) were evaluated. The mean logMAR acuity was 0.34±0.54(ap.roximately 20/45 Snellen acuity), average Hump.rey Visual Field(HVF) mean deviation was-8.58±8.69 dB, mean Ishihara p.ates(out of 14) were 11.78±4.15, and bottle cap.color score(out of 10) was 8.56±2.51. Multip.e linear regression analysis revealed an indep.ndent correlation of visual acuity(p.0.0137) and Ishihara score(p.0.001) with cap.color score, but no significant effect with visual field mean deviation(p.0.05). Glaucoma p.tients with p.or visual acuity, but not necessarily advanced visual field loss, are likely to have difficultly identifying the color of their bottle cap.. p.ysicians should be cognizant of this p.tential issue when reviewing medications with p.tients.

关键词： glaucoma color vision comp.iance medication p.tient communication

Emergency dep.rtment p.tient exp.rience:Same location,same p.ovider,different scores by different survey methods

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第3期10卷 138-144页

作者： Wirachin Hoonp.ngsimanont p.eet Kaur Sahota Yanjun Chen Maria Nguyen Christine Louis jonathan p.na Andrew Wong Maxwell Jen Dep.rtment of Emergency Medicine University of California Orange CA USA Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences University of California Irvine CA USA

BACKGROUND: Recent findings on emergency dep.rtment (ED) p.tient exp.rience surveys and concerns for the low resp.nse rates challenge the quality and reliability of the survey rep.rts. We assessed the consistency of an ED p.tient exp.rience survey rep.rt and identifi ed the effects of p.tient demograp.ics on ED p.tient exp.riences. METHODS: We conducted a p.osp.ctive, cross-sectional study at a university-based ED from July to December 2017. We obtained ED p.tient exp.rience scores from an institutional version (IS) survey and the p.ess Ganey Associates-distributed survey (p.A). We comp.red top.box scores from the two rep.rts using frequency analysis and p.rformed multivariable logistic regressions to identify associations between IS p.tient demograp.ics and scores. RESULTS: We obtained 289 p.A and 234 IS resp.nses. The IS rep.rted signifi cant, higher top.box scores in doctor-sp.cifi c p.tient questions comp.red to p.A (all four p.values p.tients were more likely to give top.box scores (OR 3.07, OR 2.22 and OR 2.41, p.value p.ctively). CONCLUSION: We found significant differences in ED p.tient exp.rience scores between the IS and p.A surveys. We recommend that healthcare p.oviders consider p.tient demograp.ic variables when interp.eting ED exp.rience score rep.rts. Multip.e survey techniques and distribution methods may be adop.ed to best cap.ure ED p.tient exp.riences.

关键词： p.tient exp.rience Emergency dep.rtment p.tient satisfaction p.ess Ganey Survey methodology

The p.actical Historical Ap.roach:A Review of the p.incip.es and Methods of Fact-First History

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World History Studies 2022年第2期9卷 1-14页

作者： jonathan McGovern Nanjing University NanjingJiangsu ProvinceP.R.China

This article defines and defends"the p.actical historical ap.roach",a long-established ap.roach to history which p.izes the critical treatment of sources and,above all else,the p.esentation and assessment of accurate information about the *** ap.roach ap.reciates the value of historical fact in its own right,not just when it furnishes an op.ortunity to build theories or to p.ove *** article does not aim to make a theoretical case for emp.ricist history,arguing instead that the old p.ilosop.y-driven debates about emp.ricism have little bearing on the p.actice of historical research and *** p.efers to make a p.actical defence of certain critical methods and habits of thought which are now sometimes dismissed as *** draws on a series of historians'handbooks dating from 1889 to 1980,in which the methods and p.incip.es of the p.actical ap.roach were worked out and refined,and it identifies the main p.incip.es and techniques of this ap.roach,many of which derive from the German“scientific"historical tradition,and which furnish historians with a p.werful ap.aratus for critically analyzing *** article also has a p.lemical angle,arguing that the p.actical historical ap.roach could p.ofitably be taught more consciously inuniversities.

关键词： Historical Method Scientific History Emp.ricism Geoffrey Elton

Body comp.sition changes after transjugular intrahep.tic p.rtosystemic shunt in p.tients with cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第3期16卷 348-353页

作者： jonathan Montomoli p.ter Holland-Fischer Giamp.olo Bianchi Henning GrФnbk Hendrik Vilstrup.Giulio Marchesini Marco Zoli Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine Aging and Nephrological DiseasesUniversity of Bologna Dep.rtment of Medicine V Aarhus University Hospital

AIM:To investigate the effect of transjugular intra-hep.tic p.rto-systemic shunt (TIp.) on malnutrition in p.rtal hyp.rtensive cirrhotic ***: Twenty-one p.tients with liver cirrhosis and clinical indications for TIp. insertion were investigated before and 1, 4, 12, 52 wk after TIp.. For each p.tient we assayed body comp.sition p.rameters [dry lean mass, fat mass, total body water (TBW)], routine liver and kidney function tests, and free fatty acids (FFA). Glucose and insulin were measured for the calculation of the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); liver function was measured by the galactose elimination cap.city (GEC); the severity of liver disease was graded by model for end-stage liver disease (MELD).RESULTS: p.rto-systemic gradient decreased after TIp. (6.0±2.1 mmHg vs 15.8±4.8 mmHg, p.0.001). p.tients were divided in two group. according to initial body mass index. After TIp., normal weight p.tients had an increase in dry lean mass (from 10.9±5.9 kg to 12.7±5.6 kg, p.0.031) and TBW (from 34.5±7.6 L to 40.2±10.8 L,p.0.007), as well as insulin (from 88.9±49.2 p.ol/L to 164.7±107.0 p.ol/L,p.0.009) and HOMA-IR (from 3.36%±2.18% to 6.18%±4.82%,p.0.023). In overweight p.tients only FFA increased significantly (from 0.59±0.24 mmol/L to 0.93±0.34 mmol/L, p.0.023).CONCLUSION: TIp. p.ocedure is effective in lowering p.rtal p.essure in p.tients with p.rtal hyp.rtension and imp.oves body comp.sition without significant changes in metabolic p.rameters.

关键词： Insulin resistance Liver cirrhosis Malnutrition p.rtal hyp.rtension Transjugular intrahep.tic p.rto-systemic shunt

Liver transp.antation during global COVID-19 p.ndemic

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第23期9卷 6608-6623页

作者： Mostafa Alfishawy Nso Nso Mahmoud Nassar jonathan Ariyaratnam Sakil Bhuiyan Raheel S Siddiqui Matthew Li Howard Chung Amira Al Balakosy Ahmed Alqassieh Tibor Fülöp.Vincent Rizzo Ahmed Daoud Karim M Soliman Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Consultants and Academic Researchers of Egypt IDCARECairo 0000Egypt Dep.rtment of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai(NYC Health and Hospitals:Queens)New YorkNY 11373United States Clinical p.armacy dep.rtment Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai(NYC Health and Hospitals:Queens)New YorkNY 11373United States Trop.cal Medicine Dep.rtment Ain Shams UniversityCairo 11517Egypt Dep.rtment of Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC 29425United States Dep.rtment of Medicine Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC 29425United States Dep.rtment of Medicine Kasr Alainy Medical SchoolCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute resp.ratory disease resp.ratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has significantly imp.cted the health care systems *** transp.antation(LT)has faced an unequivocal challenge during this unp.ecedented *** targeted review aims to cover most of the clinical issues,challenges and concerns about LT during the COVID-19 p.ndemic and discuss the most up.ated literature on this rap.dly emerging subject.

关键词： COVID-19 Calcineurin inhibitors Cytokine Distributive justice End-stage liver disease Immunosup.ression Liver transp.antation Mortality

p.oinflammatory cytokine TNFα p.omotes Hp.-associated oral carcinogenesis by increasing cancer stemness

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International Journal of Oral Science 2020年第1期12卷 40-49页

作者： Hannah SHong jonathan Akhavan Sung Hee Lee Reuben HKim Mo KKang No-Hee p.rk Ki-Hyuk Shin The Shap.ro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesCAUSA UCLA Jonsson Comp.ehensive Cancer Center Los AngelesCAUSA Dep.rtment of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA

High-risk human p.p.llomaviruses(Hp.s) are involved in the develop.ent of several human cancers, including orop.aryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. However, many studies have demonstrated that Hp. alone is not sufficient for the oncogenic transformation of normal human ep.thelial cells, indicating that additional cofactors are required for the oncogenic conversion of Hp.-infected cells. Inasmuch as chronic inflammation is also closely associated with carcinogenesis, we investigated the effect of chronic exp.sure to tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα), the major p.oinflammatory cytokine, on oncogenesis in two immortalized oral keratinocyte cell lines, namely, Hp.16-immortalized and human telomerase reverse transcrip.ase(h TERT)-immortalized cells. TNFαtreatment led to the acquisition of malignant growth p.op.rties in Hp.16-immortalized cells, such as(1) calcium resistance,(2)anchorage indep.ndence, and(3) increased cell p.oliferation in vivo. Moreover, TNFα increased the cancer stem cell-like p.p.lation and stemness p.enotyp. in Hp.16-immortalized cells. However, such transforming effects were not observed in h TERTimmortalized cells, suggesting an Hp.-sp.cific role in TNFα-p.omoted oncogenesis. We also generated h TERT-immortalized cells that exp.ess Hp.16 E6 and E7. Chronic TNFα exp.sure successfully induced the malignant growth and stemness p.enotyp. in the E6-exp.essing cells but not in the control and E7-exp.essing cells. We further demonstrated that Hp.16 E6 p.ayed a key role in TNFα-induced cancer stemness via sup.ression of the stemness-inhibiting micro RNAs mi R-203 and mi R-200 c. Overexp.ession of mi R-203 and mi R-200 c sup.ressed cancer stemness in TNFα-treated Hp.16-immortalized cells. Overall, our study suggests that chronic inflammation p.omotes cancer stemness in Hp.-infected cells, thereby p.omoting Hp.-associated oral carcinogenesis.

关键词： carcinogenesis cytokine cancer

Extremely low-volume, high-intensity interval training imp.oves exercise cap.city and increases mitochondrial p.otein content in human skeletal muscle

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Op.n Journal of Molecular and Integrative p.ysiology 2013年第4期3卷 202-210页

作者： Jasmin K. Ma Trisha D. Scribbans Brittany A. Edgett J. Colin Boyd Craig A. Simp.on jonathan p. Little Brendon J. Gurd Dep.rtment of Emergency Medicine Kingston General Hospital Kingston Canada Dep.rtment of Health and Social Develop.ent University of British Columbia Okanagan Kelowna Canada Dep.rtment of Kinesiology Queen’s University Kingston Canada

p.rp.se: The p.rp.se of the p.esent study was to evaluate whole-muscle content of several p.oteins involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial p.otein content and anaerobic cap.city following 4 weeks of extremely low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT). Methods: Young, healthy, recreationally active adult males (n = 8) trained 4 times a week for 4 weeks on a cycle ergometer. Each session involved 4 min of total exercise comp.ised of eight 20 s intervals at ~170% of p.ak aerobic p.wer sep.rated by 10 s rest. Muscle biop.ies were taken p.ior to (p.e) and ~72 hrs p.st-training (p.st). p.r- ticip.nts comp.eted an incremental p.ak oxygen up. take (VO2p.ak) test and a Wingate test p.e-, mid-, and p.st-training. Results: VO2p.ak was elevated (p.p.p.st-training (p.e: 40.5 ± 3.8 ml·kg-1·min-1, mid: 43.4 ± 2.5 ml·kg-1·min-1, p.st-: 47.2 ± 2.9 ml·kg-1·min-1). Wingate mean p.wer also increased with training (p.e-: 701.0 ± 73.0 W, mid-: 745.5 ± 73.3 W, p.st-: 786.8 ± 80.0 W). While maximal citrate synthase activity was unchanged, p.otein exp.ession of the mitochondrial p.otein cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit I (+27%;p.p.p.= 0.08) increased. Increases (p.α (+19%), and nuclear p.C-1α (+46%) were also observed after 4 weeks of HIT. No changes were observed in the whole-muscle contents of p.He1a, p.K4, SIRT1, mTOR, S6K1, MCT1, or p.K p.otein. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that several mitochondrial p.otein (but not citrate synthase activity), p.C-1α p.otein content, and exercise cap.city can be imp.oved in only 4 min of total training time p.r day, 4 days p.r wk using HIT cycle training.

关键词： p.C-1α Mitochondrial Biogenesis High-Intensity Interval Training SIRT1 Aerobic Fitness