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Aerosol Microphysical and Radiative Effects on Continental Cloud Ensembles

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第2期35卷 234-247页

作者： Yuan WANG jonathan M. VOGEl Yun lIN Bowen PAN Jiaxi HU Yangang lIU Xiquan DONG jonathan H. JIANG Yuk l. YUNG Renyi ZHANG Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91106 USA Department of Atmospheric Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX 77840 USA Environmental & Climate Sciences Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA Jet Propulsion laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91109 USA Department of Atmo wheric and Oceanic Sciences McGill University Montreal Quebec QC H3A OG4 Canada

Aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions represent one of the largest uncertainties in the current climate assessment. Much of the complexity arises from the non-monotonic responses of clouds, precipitation and radiative fluxes to aerosol perturbations under various meteorological conditions. In this study, an aerosol-aware WRF model is used to investigate the microphysical and radiative effects of aerosols in three weather systems during the March 2000 Cloud Intensive Observational Period campaign at the US Southern Great Plains. Three simulated cloud ensembles include a low-pressure deep convective cloud system, a collection of less-precipitating stratus and shallow cumulus, and a cold frontal passage. The WRF simulations are evaluated by several ground-based measurements. The microphysical properties of cloud hydrometeors, such as their mass and number concentrations, generally show monotonic trends as a function of cloud condensation nuclei concentrations. Aerosol radiative effects do not influence the trends of cloud microphysics, except for the stratus and shallow cumulus cases where aerosol semi-direct effects are identified. The precipitation changes by aerosols vary with the cloud types and their evolving stages, with a prominent aerosol invigoration effect and associated enhanced precipitation from the convective sources. The simulated aerosol direct effect suppresses precipitation in all three cases but does not overturn the aerosol indirect effect. Cloud fraction exhibits much smaller sensitivity （typically less than 2%） to aerosol perturbations, and the responses vary with aerosol concentrations and cloud regimes. The surface shortwave radiation shows a monotonic decrease by increasing aerosols, while the magnitude of the decrease depends on the cloud type.

关键词： aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions cloud-resolving model cloud microphysics and macrophysics precipita-tion

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Optimizing perioperative Crohn's disease management: Role of coordinated medical and surgical care

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第4期21卷 1182-1188页

作者： Jennifer l Bennett Christina Y Ha jonathan E Efron Susan l Gearhart Mark G lazarev Elizabeth C Wick Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Division of Gastroenterology the Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Division of Digestive Diseases the David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States

AIM: To investigate rates of re-establishing gastroenterology care, colonoscopy, and/or initiating me-dical therapy after Crohn's disease(CD) surgery at a tertiary care referral ***: CD patients having small bowel or ileocolonic resections with a primary anastomosis between 2009-2012 were identified from a tertiary academic referral center. CD-specific features, medications, and surgical outcomes were abstracted from the medical record. The primary outcome measure was compliance rates with medical follow-up within 4 wk of hospital discharge and surveillance colonoscopy within 12 mo of surgery. RESUlTS: Eighty-eight patients met study inclusion criteria with 92%(n = 81) of patients returning for surgical follow-up compared to only 41%(n = 36) of patients with documented gastroenterology follow-up within four-weeks of hospital discharge, P ly postoperative medical follow-up included younger age, longer length of hospitalization, postoperative biologic use and academic center patients. In the study cohort, 75.0% of patients resumed medical therapy within 12 mo, whereas only 53.4% of patients underwent a colonoscopy within 12 mo of ***: Our study highlights the need for coordinated CD multidisciplinary clinics and structured handoffs among providers to improve of quality of care in the postoperative setting.

关键词： Coordinated care Crohn’s disease Postoperative pro

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Exchange-correlation functionals for band gaps of solids:benchmark,reparametrization and machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 869-885页

作者： Pedro Borlido jonathan Schmidt Ahmad W.Huran Fabien Tran Miguel A.l.Marques Silvana Botti Institut für Festkörpertheorie und-optik Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena and European Theoretical Spectroscopy FacilityMax-Wien-Platz 107743 JenaGermany Institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06099 HalleGermany Institute of Materials Chemistry Vienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 9/165-TC1060 ViennaAustria

We conducted a large-scale density-functional theory study on the influence of the exchange-correlation functional in the calculation of electronic band gaps of ***,we use the large materials data set that we have recently proposed to benchmark 21 different functionals,with a particular focus on approximations of the meta-generalized-gradient *** these data with the results for 12 functionals in our previous work,we can analyze in detail the characteristics of each approximation and identify its strong and/or weak *** confirming that mBJ,HlE16 and HSE06 are the most accurate functionals for band gap calculations,we reveal several other interesting functionals,chief among which are the local Slater potential approximation,the GGA AK13lDA,and the meta-GGAs HlE17 and *** also compare the computational efficiency of these different *** on these data,we investigate the potential for improvement of a promising subset of functionals by varying their internal *** identified optimal parameters yield a family of functionals fitted for the calculation of band ***,we demonstrate how to train machine learning models for accurate band gap prediction,using as input structural and composition data,as well as approximate band gaps obtained from density-functional theory.

关键词： theory functionals solids

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Participation in cooperative prey capture and the benefits gained from it are associated with individual personality

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 561-567页

作者： James l.l. lICHTENSTEIN Colin M. WRIGHT lauren P. lUSCUSKIE Graham A. MONTGOMERY PINTER-WOllMAN jonathan N. PRUITT Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

In animal societies, behavioral idiosyncrasies of the individuals often guide which tasks theyshould perform. Such personality-specific task participation can increase individual task efficiency,thereby improving group performance. While several recent studies have documented group-levelbenefits of within-group behavioral （i.e., personality） diversity, how these benefits are realized atthe individual level is unclear. Here we probe the individual-level benefits of personality-driven taskparticipation in the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. In S. dumicola, the presence of at leastone highly bold individual catalyzes foraging behavior in shy colony members, and all group con-stituents heavily compete for prey. We assessed boldness by examining how quickly spidersresumed normal movement after a simulated predator attack. We test here whether （1） participantsin collective foraging gain more mass from prey items and （2） whether bold individuals are less re-sistant to starvation than shy spiders, which would motivate the bold individuals to forage ***, we assembled colonies of shy spiders with and without a bold individual, added one preyitem, and then tracked the mass gain of each individual spider after this single feeding event. Wefound that spiders that participated in prey capture （whether bold or shy） gained more mass thannonparticipators, and colonies containing a single bold spider gained more total mass than purelyshy colonies. We also found that bold spiders participated in more collective foraging events andwere more susceptible to starvation than shy spiders, suggesting that the aggressive foraging ofbold individuals may represent a strategy to offset starvation risk. These findings add to the bodyof evidence that animal personality can shape social organization, individual performance, andgroup success.

关键词： animal personality, keystone individuals, social behaviour, task allocation.

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Characterizing and modeling the precipitation of Mg-rich phases in Al 5xxx alloys aged at low temperatures

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第9期33卷 991-1003页

作者： Gaosong Yi Weizhi Zeng jonathan D.Poplawsky David A.Cullen Zhifen Wangd Michael l.Free Department of Metallurgical Engineering University of Utah Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Materials Science & Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Colorado School of Mines

Al 5083 alloys(5.25 at.% Mg) of different tempers(H131 and H116) were aged at low temperatures(50and 70?C) for 41 months. Scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and atom probe tomography(APT) were applied to characterize precipitates formed in the sensitized samples. Experimental results revealed that the size of Mg-rich precipitates increased with aging time at 70?C for both alloys. APT results showed that Mg-rich precipitates of different Mg concentrations and morphologies formed in Al matrix and on the interface of Al matrix/pre-existing particles. In addition, a model based on local equilibrium of chemical potential and multi-class precipitates number evolution was adopted to predict the multiphase precipitation process in the Al-Mg binary system. The overall trend of precipitate radius and number density predicted by the model matched well with the experimental results. Moreover, modeling results revealed that nucleation and coarsening occurred faster in Al 5083 H131 than in Al 5083 H116 when aged at same temperature. The high density of dislocations and the pipe diffusion mechanism of dislocations can be used to explain such behavior.

关键词： Al 5xxx alloys Precipitation Scanning transmission electron microscopy Atom probe tomography long-term aging

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Predicting responses to platin chemotherapy agents with biochemically-inspired machine learning

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2019年第1期4卷 636-647页

作者： Eliseos J.Mucaki jonathan Z.l.Zhao Daniel J.lizotte Peter K.Rogan Department of Biochemistry Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern UniversityLondonON N6A 2C1Canada Department of Computer Science Faculty of ScienceWestern UniversityLondonON N6A 2C1Canada Department of Epidemiology&Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern UniversityLondonON N6A 2C1Canada Cytognomix Inc.LondonON N5X 3X5Canada Department of Oncology Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern UniversityLondonON N6A 2C1Canada

The selection of effective genes that accurately predict chemotherapy responses might improve cancer *** compare optimized gene signatures for cisplatin,carboplatin,and oxaliplatin responses in the same cell lines and validate each signature using data from patients with *** support vector machine learning is used to derive gene sets whose expression is related to the cell line GI 50 values by backwards feature selection with *** genes and functional pathways distinguishing sensitive from resistant cell lines are identified by contrasting signatures obtained at extreme and median GI 50 *** of gene signatures at different thresholds are combined to reduce the dependence on specific GI 50 values for predicting drug *** most accurate gene signatures for each platin are:cisplatin:BARD1,BCl2,BCl2l1,CDKN2C,FAAP24,FEN1,MAP3K1,MAPK13,MAPK3,NFKB1,NFKB2,SlC22A5,SlC31A2,TlR4,and TWIST1;carboplatin:AKT1,EIF3K,ERCC1,GNGT1,GSR,MTHFR,NEDD4l,NlRP1,NRAS,RAF1,SGK1,TIGD1,TP53,VEGFB,and VEGFC;and oxaliplatin:BRAF,FCGR2A,IGF1,MSH2,NAGK,NFE2l2,NQO1,PANK3,SlC47A1,SlCO1B1,and *** from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)patients with bladder,ovarian,and colorectal cancer were used to test the cisplatin,carboplatin,and oxaliplatin signatures,resulting in 71.0%,60.2%,and 54.5%accuracies in predicting disease recurrence and 59%,61%,and 72%accuracies in predicting remission,*** cisplatin signature predicted 100%of recurrence in non-smoking patients with bladder cancer(57%disease-free;N=19),and 79%recurrence in smokers(62%disease-free;N=35).This approach should be adaptable to other studies of chemotherapy responses,regardless of the drug or cancer types.

关键词： bladder chemotherapy signature

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Comments on new heavy exotic Z_(CS) states

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Science Bulletin 2021年第20期66卷 2045-2046页

作者： Marek Karliner jonathan l.Rosner School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA

For nearly forty years after the advent of the quark model [1,2],the only observed hadrons were mesons consistent with being a quark-antiquark(qq) pair and baryons consistent with being composed of three quarks(qqq). There was no reason why more ‘‘exotic" configurations, such as qqqq(tetraquarks) or qqqqq(pentaquarks), could not exist. Indeed, such a possibility was mentioned in the pioneering papers [1,2] and they had been predicted by such schemes as s–t channel duality in baryon-antibaryon scattering [3], the bag model of quark confinement [4–6], and binding of hadrons into molecules [7,8].

关键词： quark 1,2 mentioned

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Strange pentaquarks and excited■^(-)hyperons in■b^(-)→J/ψpK^(-)final states

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Science Bulletin 2021年第13期66卷 1256-1257页

Besides the observed quark-antiquark and three-quark states,the quark model predicts other states with integral charges,such as qqqq(tetraquarks)and qqqqq(pentaquarks).In 2015,the lHCb Collaboration observed J=wp reso... 详细信息

关键词： quark 末态五夸克态

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ACTIVATABlE SMART PROBES FOR MOlECUlAR OPTICAl IMAGING AND THERAPY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2008年第1期1卷 45-61页

作者： jonathan F.lOVEll GANG ZHENG Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging Ontario Cancer Institute TorontoOntario M5G 1L7Canada

Recent years have seen the design and implementation of many optical activatable smart *** probes are activatable because they change their optical properties and are smart because they can identify specific *** broad class of detection agents has allowed previously unperformed visualizations,facilitating the study of diverse biomolecules including enzymes,nucleic acids,ions and reactive oxygen *** to be robust in an in vivo environment,these probes have been used in tissue culture cells and in live small *** emerging class of smart probes has been designed to harness the potency of singlet oxygen generating *** the discrimination of activatable agents with the toxicity of photosensitizers represents a new and powerful approach to disease *** review highlights some applications of activatable smart probes with a focus on developments of the past decade.

关键词： Optical imaging photodynamic therapy activatable imaging probes

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A systematic review of machine learning techniques for cattle identification:Datasets,methods and future directions

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2022年第1期6卷 138-155页

作者： Md Ekramul Hossain Muhammad Ashad Kabir lihong Zheng Dave l.Swain Shawn McGrath jonathan Medway School of Computing Mathematics and EngineeringCharles Sturt UniversityBathurstNSW 2795Australia Gulbali Institute for Agriculture Water and EnvironmentCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSW 2678Australia TerraCipher Pty.ltd. Alton DownsQLD 4702Australia Fred Morley Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSW 2678Australia Food Agility CRC ltd SydneyNSW 2000Australia

Increased biosecurity and food safety requirements may increase demand for efficient traceability and identification systems of livestock in the supply *** advanced technologies of machine learning and computer vision have been applied in precision livestock management,including critical disease detection,vaccination,production management,tracking,and health *** paper offers a systematic literature review(SlR)of vision-based cattle *** specifically,this SlR is to identify and analyse the research related to cattle identification using Machine learning(Ml)and Deep learning(Dl).This study retrieved 731 studies from four online scholarly ***-five articles were subsequently selected and investigated in *** the two main applications of cattle detection and cattle identification,all the Ml based papers only solve cattle identification ***,both detection and identification problems were studied in the Dl based *** on our survey report,the most used Ml models for cattle identification were support vector machine(SVM),k-nearest neighbour(KNN),and artificial neural network(ANN).Convolutional neural network(CNN),residual network(ResNet),Inception,You Only look Once(YOlO),and Faster R-CNN were popular Dl models in the selected *** these papers,the most distinguishing features were the muzzle prints and coat patterns of *** binary pattern(lBP),speeded up robust features(SURF),scaleinvariant feature transform(SIFT),and Inception or CNN were identified as the most used feature extraction *** paper details important factors to consider when choosing a technique or *** also identified major challenges in cattle *** are few publicly available datasets,and the quality of those datasets are affected by the wild environment and movement while collecting *** processing time is a critical factor for a real-time cattle identification ***,a recommendati

关键词： Cattle identification Cattle detection Machine learning Deep learning Cattle farming

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