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Protein & Cell 2016年第7期7卷 538-543页

作者： Yuan-Qin Yang Wen-Jie Dong Xiao-Fei Yin Yan-Ni XU Yu Yang Jiao-Jiao Wang Su-Jing Yuan Jing Xiao jonathan Howard DeLong Liang Chu Hai-Neng Xu Xiu- Mei Zhou Ru-Wei Wang Ling Fang Xin-Yuan Liu Kang-Jian zhang Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China Sichuan Huiyang Life Science and Technology Corp. Chengdu 610021 China College of Life Sciences Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Yangling 712100 China Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Department of Radiation Oncology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine 3400 Civic Center Blvd. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Hangzhou 310018 China

Dear Editor, PD-L1, also known as CD274, plays a vital role in tumor cell related immune escape. It can be expressed on the cell surface of many solid tumors （Brahmer et al., 2012） and inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production by bind- ing to the Tcell surface receptor programmed death 1 （PD-1） or B7-1 （McClanahan et al., 2015）. In 2013, targeting PD-1/ PD-L1 signaling for cancer immunotherapy was selected as the No.1 scientific breakthrough of the year by the editors of Science. Interferons （IFNs） are a group of pleiotropic cytokines, demonstrated anti-viral, anti-tumor, and immune regulatory functions （York et al., 2015）. Type I interferon binds a heterodimeric receptor composed of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. This activates a canonical JAK/STAT signaling pathway that ultimately induces a set of interferon-stimulated genes to exert its biological activity （Ejlerskov et al., 2015）. Recently, PD-L1 was reported to be downstream of IFN signaling in human oral squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and human acute myeloid leukemia blast cells （Chen et al., 2012; Furuta et al., 2014; Kronig et al., 2014）.

关键词： B16F10 Cell Acute Myeloid Leukemia Blast Murine B16F10 Melanoma Cell B16F10 Tumor Cell Syngeneic Splenocytes

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Measurement of oxygen consumption rates of human renal proximal tubule cells in an array of organ-on-chip devices to monitor drug-induced metabolic shifts

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第5期8卷 149-160页

作者： Samuel H.Kann Erin M.Shaughnessey jonathan R.Coppeta Hesham Azizgolshani Brett CIsenberg Else M.Vedula Xin zhang Joseph L.Charest Draper Scholar 555 Technology SquareCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University4 Colby StreetMedfordMA 02155USA Draper 555 Technology SquareCambridgeMA 02139USA Present address:Biogen 225 Binney StreetCambridgeMA 02142USA

Measurement of cell metabolism in moderate-throughput to high-throughput organ-on-chip(OOC)systems would expand the range of data collected for studying drug effects or disease in physiologically relevant tissue ***,current measurement approaches rely on fluorescent imaging or colorimetric assays that are focused on endpoints,require labels or added substrates,and lack real-time ***,we integrated optical-based oxygen sensors in a high-throughput OOC platform and developed an approach for monitoring cell metabolic activity in an array of membrane bilayer *** membrane bilayer device supported a culture of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells on a porous membrane suspended between two microchannels and exposed to controlled,unidirectional perfusion and physiologically relevant shear stress for several *** the first time,we measured changes in oxygen in a membrane bilayer format and used a finite element analysis model to estimate cell oxygen consumption rates(OCRs),allowing comparison with OCRs from other cell culture ***,we demonstrated label-free detection of metabolic shifts in human renal proximal tubule cells following exposure to FCCP,a drug known for increasing cell oxygen consumption,as well as oligomycin and antimycin A,drugs known for decreasing cell oxygen *** capability to measure cell OCRs and detect metabolic shifts in an array of membrane bilayer devices contained within an industry standard microtiter plate format will be valuable for analyzing flowresponsive and physiologically complex tissues during drug development and disease research.

关键词： metabolism culture OCR

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瓶颈效应还是马太效应?——数字鸿沟指数演化的跨国比较分析

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科学与社会 2013年第3期3卷 106-120页

作者：张伦祝建华中国科学院大学人文学院新闻与科学传播系香港城市大学媒体与传播系

基于香港互联网使用调查、美国常驻人口调查、皮尤"互联网与美国生活"项目调研和国际电信联盟对各国互联网扩散率调查等相关数据,本研究经验性地描述了香港、美国以及全球范围内1996年至2008年互联网"数字鸿沟"指数的发展趋势。研究表明... 详细信息

基于香港互联网使用调查、美国常驻人口调查、皮尤"互联网与美国生活"项目调研和国际电信联盟对各国互联网扩散率调查等相关数据,本研究经验性地描述了香港、美国以及全球范围内1996年至2008年互联网"数字鸿沟"指数的发展趋势。研究表明,香港地区、美国与世界平均水平的互联网数字鸿沟发展趋势与该地区互联网扩散率呈倒U字型关系,即随着互联网扩散率的增长,"数字鸿沟"指数在该地区互联网扩散率的中值处达到峰值,并随后下降。

关键词：数字鸿沟社会平等创新扩散互联网采纳

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电弧炉粉尘的治理

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矿产综合利用 2000年第4期 33-37页

作者：彭兵张传福彭及 jonathan Lobel Janusz A.Kozinski 中南工业大学冶金科学与工程系湖南长沙410083 The Department of Metallurgical Engineeing

电弧炉粉尘含有某些重金属元素 ,堆放填埋对环境造成污染。至今已有约 2 0种方法处理这类粉尘回收有价金属 ,尤其是近几年来出现的 Ausmelt,Met Wool,Enviroplas,All Met,IBDR- ZIPP,Modified ZINCEX,Cashman,Rezada和 Rerra Gaia等技... 详细信息

电弧炉粉尘含有某些重金属元素 ,堆放填埋对环境造成污染。至今已有约 2 0种方法处理这类粉尘回收有价金属 ,尤其是近几年来出现的 Ausmelt,Met Wool,Enviroplas,All Met,IBDR- ZIPP,Modified ZINCEX,Cashman,Rezada和 Rerra Gaia等技术正逐步趋于成熟。不锈钢和特种钢电弧炉粉尘中有价金属的综合回收虽未标准化 ,但越来越受到人们的关注。

关键词：电弧炉粉尘电弧炉粉尘处理综合回收环保

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Pm21 from Haynaldia villosa Encodes a CC-NBS- LRR Protein Conferring Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wheat

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Molecular Plant 2018年第6期11卷 874-878页

作者： Liping Xing Ping Hu Jiaqian Liu Kamil Witek Shuang Zhou Jiefei Xu Weihao Zhou Li Gao Zhenpu Huang Ruiqi zhang Xiue Wang Peidu Chen Haiyan Wang jonathan D.G. Jones Miroslava Karafiatova Jan Vrana Jan Baros Jaroslav Dolezel Yuanchun Tian Yufeng Wu Aizhong Cao National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Cytogenetics Institute Nanjing Agricultural University/JGIC-MCP Nanjing 210095 China The Sainsbury Laboratory Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK Institute of Experimental Botany Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Slechtitelu 31 78371 OlomoucCzech Republic

Dear Editor Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici （Bgt）, is a destructive disease of wheat throughout the world. One of the most important environmental-friendly and economical methods to reduce wheat loss caused by Bgt is to develop highly resistant varieties （Kuraparthy et al., 2007）. Pm21 from the wild species Haynaldia villosa （also known as Dasypyrum villosum） confers high resistance to Bgt in wheat throughout all growth stages. It has now become one of the most highly effective genetic loci introgressed into wheat from wild species, and the commercial varieties harboring Pm21 have been widely used in wheat production with more than 4 million hectares in China.

关键词： Pm21 小麦粉蛋白质编码环境友好生长阶段小麦生产还原剂

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冰湖溃决洪水威胁高亚洲基础设施

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Science Bulletin 2023年第13期68卷 1361-1365,M0003页

作者：聂勇邓纤 Hamish D.Pritchard jonathan L.Carrivick Farooq Ahmed Christian Huggel 刘丽君王文勒斯木初 Jida Wang 张华宇张波吕其元张镱锂 Mountain Science Data Center Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China British Antarctic Survey Cambridge CB30ETUK School of Geography and water@leeds University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Gilgit-Baltistan Disaster Management Authority Gilgit 15100Pakistan Department of Geography University of ZürichZürich 8057Switzerland College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China

青藏高原及其周边地区冰湖灾害频发,目前对其灾害特征及导致的破坏缺乏系统的分析.本研究旨在揭示冰湖灾害过去和未来的变化趋势及其对基础设施造成的影响,以指导区域及跨境流域冰湖灾害防控技术和策略的构建.研究梳理了1900-2022年间... 详细信息

青藏高原及其周边地区冰湖灾害频发,目前对其灾害特征及导致的破坏缺乏系统的分析.本研究旨在揭示冰湖灾害过去和未来的变化趋势及其对基础设施造成的影响,以指导区域及跨境流域冰湖灾害防控技术和策略的构建.研究梳理了1900-2022年间发生的298例冰湖灾害事件,发现其呈增长的趋势,尤其是1964年以来的部分冰湖灾害严重损坏了下游基础设施,不同类型冰湖灾害在空间分布、爆发和成灾特征等方面存在明显差异.例如,西斯帕冰川阻塞湖在2019-2022年连续爆发了5次溃决洪水,最近一次冲毁了下游中巴公路的桥梁和路基,影响中巴经贸.高山区冰川冰湖变化、交通和水电等基础设施及人口增长,致使冰湖灾害风险上升.为此,重大基础设施的规划应充分考虑相关风险,建立防控措施以保障人员和基础设施安全.

关键词：基础设施中巴公路防控技术灾害特征防控措施溃决洪水成灾特征

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一种用二氧六环制备紫杉醇冻干制剂的简易方法

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Science China Materials 2023年第6期66卷 2513-2522页

作者：孙勃旸邵帅 Sanjana Ghosh 黎杰鑫王晓洁李昌宁 Breandan Quinn Paschalis Alexandridis jonathan F.Lovell 张育淼 School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering(Ministry of Education)Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology(Ministry of Education)Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Translational Medicine Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China Department of Biomedical Engineering The State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA

第二代紫杉醇卡巴他赛(CTX)由于对P-gp糖蛋白的亲和力较低,具有不易产生耐药性等优点,被成功地应用于治疗耐药性前列腺癌的临床治疗中.由于CTX的疏水性较高,临床使用的制剂是由液体表面活性剂Tween-80和乙醇组成的(Tween-80与CTX的质量... 详细信息

第二代紫杉醇卡巴他赛(CTX)由于对P-gp糖蛋白的亲和力较低,具有不易产生耐药性等优点,被成功地应用于治疗耐药性前列腺癌的临床治疗中.由于CTX的疏水性较高,临床使用的制剂是由液体表面活性剂Tween-80和乙醇组成的(Tween-80与CTX的质量比为27:1).而Tween-80可能在血液中导致溶血问题,引起过敏反应.在此工作中,我们报道了一种只用少量表面活性剂(pluronic F127与CTX的质量比为3:1)的冻干CTX的制剂:CTX和Pluronic F127一起溶解在由水和1,4-二恶烷(两种常用的冷冻干燥溶剂)组成的混合溶剂系统中制成的冻干粉.胶束状态下的溶剂系统可以经过无菌过滤膜达到除菌效果,结果表明在5%和高于60%的1,4-二恶烷浓度下通过过滤才能达到理想的过滤效果.冻干CTX制剂和重溶胶束的特性取决于共溶剂/溶剂比和F127与CTX的比例,并且能够通过调整比例来调节纳米颗粒的尺寸.用60%的1,4-二恶烷溶解质量比为3:1的F127/CTX所得的冻干CTX产物,重溶后的胶束在水相中能稳定至少三小时.在对小鼠进行静脉给药后,血液中的CTX浓度不依赖于胶束的粒径大小,并且血液代谢和纯Tween-80制剂类似.小鼠抗肿瘤实验表明小鼠体内MIA Paca-2肿瘤抑制功效与Tween-80制剂相似.综上所述,此工作报道了一种简单的冻干方法用于制备紫杉醇药物制剂,具有制备方法高效和表面活性剂添加量低等优点.

关键词：抗肿瘤实验二氧六环肿瘤抑制溶剂系统静脉给药紫杉醇无菌过滤药物制剂

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城市公共空间的阈限现象与赛博格本体

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城市发展研究 2022年第9期29卷 77-83页

作者：周术乔纳森·黑尔张肖烟台大学建筑学院诺丁汉大学工程学院建筑与建成环境系

从物质空间和社会空间两个层面，分析了以技术为媒介的城市公共空间阈限现象的三个特性：无等级的不连续性，公共空间的“私有化”,以及社会交往形态的私人化、陌生化和中介化。并揭示了城市公共空间的阈限性转向不仅代表了公共生活和... 详细信息

从物质空间和社会空间两个层面，分析了以技术为媒介的城市公共空间阈限现象的三个特性：无等级的不连续性，公共空间的“私有化”,以及社会交往形态的私人化、陌生化和中介化。并揭示了城市公共空间的阈限性转向不仅代表了公共生活和公共空间的概念化方式的根本转变，也折射出人类的体验和认知方式正在从“在场/缺席”向“模式/随机”转变，以及人类本质向“后人类”、“赛博格”本质的转变。

关键词：城市公共空间阈限现象赛博格本体后人类虚拟/现实公共/私人

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Dry wear behavior of rheo-casting Al-16Si-4Cu-0.5Mg alloy

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2016年第11期26卷 2818-2829页

作者：胡钊华吴国华徐佳莫文飞李艳磊刘文才张亮丁文江 jonathan QUAN Yuan-Wei CHANG 上海交通大学轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心与金属基复合材料国家重点实验室上海200240 Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles

Dry wear behavior of the rheo-casting Al-16Si-4Cu-0.5Mg alloy was investigated by micro-scratch and dry sliding weartests. Analyses of the microstructure, scratch grooves, wear tracks, worn surfaces and wear debris of the alloy were carried out byoptical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The microstructural analysis showed that via rheo-processing, the primary Siwas refined and rounded, eutectics dispersed more homogenously, and even the skeleton AlFeMnSi phase was fragmented into facetshape. Micro-scratch test showed that the microstructural refinement resulted in better wear resistance. Dry sliding wear test revealedthat the rheo-processed sample exhibit obviously superior wear resistance because of the microstructure improvement. The dominantmechanism in mild wear condition is abrasion, but it turned to adhesion and oxidation in high applied load and fast sliding velocityconditions.

关键词： rheo-casting aluminum alloy dry wear micro-scratch

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Inheritance and Molecular Marker of Resistance to Bot Canker in Malus domestica

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第2期10卷 175-184页

作者： LIU Hai-tao LI Cai-li zhang Yu-jing LI Chun-min ZHAO Yong-bo CHEN Dong-mei WANG Yi zhang Xin-zhong HAN Zhen-hai Institute for Horticultural Plants College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China Changli Institute for Pomology Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesChangli 066600P.R.China College of Horticulture Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030P.R.China

Apple bot canker [Botryosphaeria dothidea（Moug.） *** de Not.] is distributed worldwide,resulting in a serious crop loss every year in apple（Malus domestica Borkh.） *** resistance of each seedling derived from a hybrid population（jonathan×Golden Delicious） was evaluated by disease index either from natural infection in the field or from inoculation with five isolates of ***,Ls1,Lw023,Lw048,Mx1,and *** inheritance of the resistance to bot canker was analyzed via frequency distribution analysis,and microsatellite and AFLP markers linked to the resistance loci were *** the binary frequency distribution patterns,it was found that the segregation ratio of resistant/susceptible genotypes infected by pathogen isolates Lw023 and Ls1 was 1：15;and that by Zz26 and Mx1 was 15：*** variation of resistance was involved in the segregation of two to four alleles of major genes,the resistance was recessive when infected by Lw023 and Ls1,but was dominant when infected with Mx1 and Zz26.A microsatellite maker,CH02a04-450,and two AFLP markers,E-AG/M-GAC-280 and E-AGG/M-CTT-110,were identified,and their map distances to the resistance loci were 5.1,5.1 and 6.2 cM,*** three markers are located in different linkage groups,while CH02a04-450 is on linkage group 2 or 7.E-AG/M-GAC-280 was successfully converted into ***,CH02a04-450 and SCAR159 were re-examined in inoculated segregation population and presented a good reliability on predicting phenotypes of resistance.

关键词： Malus domestica Borkh. Botryosphaeria dothidea inheritance microsatellite AFLP

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