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Orbital-scale Asian summer monsoon variations:Paradox and exploration

Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第4期64卷 529-544页

作者： Hai CHENG Haiwei zhang Yanjun CAI Zhengguo SHI Liang YI Chenglong DENG Qingzhen HAO Youbing PENG Ashish SINHA Hanying LI Jingyao ZHAO Ye TIAN jonathan BAKER Carlos PEREZ-MEJIAS Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiao tong UniversityXi'an 710054China State Key Laboratory^of Loess and Quaternary Geology1 Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics Ministry of Land and ResourcesInstitute of Karst GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesGuilin 541004China State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Earth Sciences California State University Dominguez HillsCarson 90747USA

The Asian summer monsoon(ASM) is a vast climate system, whose variability is critical to the livelihoods of billions of people across the Asian continent. During the past half-century, much progress has been made in understanding variations on a wide range of timescales, yet several significant issues remain unresolved. Of note are two long-standing problems concerning orbital-scale variations of the ASM.(1) Chinese loess magnetic susceptibility records show a persistent glacial-interglacial dominated ~100 kyr(thousand years) periodicity, while the cave oxygen-isotope(δ18 O) records reveal periodicity in an almost pure precession band(~20 kyr periodicity)—the "Chinese 100 kyr problem".(2) ASM records from the Arabian Sea and other oceans surrounding the Asian continent show a significant lag of 8–10 kyr to Northern Hemisphere summer insolation(NHSI), whereas the Asian cave δ18 O records follow NHSI without a significant lag—a discrepancy termed the "sea-land precession-phase paradox". How can we reconcile these differences? Recent and more refined model simulations now provide spatial patterns of rainfall and wind across the precession cycle, revealing distinct regional divergences in the ASM domain, which can well explain a large portion of the disparities between the loess, marine, and cave proxy records. Overall, we also find that the loess, marine, and cave records are indeed complementary rather than incompatible, with each record preferentially describing a certain aspect of ASM dynamics. Our study provides new insight into the understanding of different hydroclimatic proxies and largely reconciles the "Chinese 100 kyr problem" and "sea-land precession-phase paradox".

关键词： ASM Orbital cycles Precession phase Different climatic proxies

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Adipose-brain crosstalk: do adipokines have a role in neuroprotection?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1381-1382页

作者： jonathan P.Little Adeel Safdar School of Health and Exercise Sciences University of British Columbia Okanagan Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine Mc Master University

Accumulating evidence from epidemiological and experi- mental studies indicate that obesity, and its related metabolic consequences of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, are associated with accelerated cognitive decline （Yates et al., 2012）. The etiology of neurodegeneration in obesity is undoubtedly complex, with vascular, metabolic, inflammatory, and structural changes all likely to play a role （Yates et al., 2012）. The discovery of leptin in 1994 and the subsequent advancement in our understanding that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that can communicate with the brain to regulate appetite （zhang et al., 1994） brings about the in- triguing possibility that adipose-brain crosstalk can regulate aspects of neuronal physiology and pathology （Aguilar-Valles et al., 2015）. Indeed neurons have been shown to express receptors for various adipokines, indicating that factors released from adipose tissue have the potential to communi- cate directly with the brain. Research in this area is relatively new, and while epidemiological data points towards the negative consequences of adipose-brain crosstalk （Whitmer et al., 2005）, some intriguing new studies highlight that the secretory profile of adipose tissue might be involved in reduction in neurodegeneration via maintenance of neuronal viability （Tezapsidis et al., 2009; Wan et al., 2015）.

关键词： cell Adipose-brain crosstalk

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The Strength of Structural Diversity in Online Social Networks

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Research 2021年第1期2021卷 1203-1212页

作者： Yafei zhang Lin Wang jonathan JHZhu Xiaofan Wang Alex‘Sandy’Pentland Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information ProcessingMinistry of Education of ChinaShanghai 200240China Department of Media and Communication and School of Data Science City University of Hong KongHong Kong S.A.R.China Department of Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Media Lab Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA

Understanding the way individuals are interconnected in social networks is of prime significance to predict their collective *** a large-scale dataset from a knowledge-sharing website,this paper presents an exploratory investigation of the way to depict structural diversity in directed networks and how it can be utilized to predict one’s online social *** capture the structural diversity of an individual,we first consider the number of weakly and strongly connected components in one’s contact neighborhood and further take the coexposure network of social neighbors into *** show empirical evidence that the structural diversity of an individual is able to provide valuable insights to predict personal online social reputation,and the inclusion of a coexposure network provides an additional ingredient to achieve that *** synthetically controlling several possible confounding factors through matching experiments,structural diversity still plays a nonnegligible role in the prediction of personal online social *** work constitutes one of the first attempts to empirically study structural diversity in directed networks and has practical implications for a range of domains,such as social influence and collective intelligence studies.

关键词： collective networks founding

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The Wetting Behavior of Fresh and Aged Soot Studied through Contact Angle Measurements

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2017年第1期7卷 11-22页

作者： Yiyi Wei Qing zhang jonathan E. Thompson Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA

In this work, contact angle measurements for soot samples collected from a kerosene lantern, wood-burning fireplace, and municipal bus engine exhaust lines are reported. Contact angles for both freshly collected soot and samples treated with various doses of O3 (g), HNO3 (g), and H2SO4 (g) are considered. Use of a literature method has allowed estimation of the enthalpy of immersion (Himm) for the soot samples based on contact angle observed. Contact angles for freshly collected soot were 65 - 110 deg. indicating its hydrophobic nature. Chemical processing of soot usually resulted in smaller contact angles and large increases in immersion enthalpy. However, the dose of ozone, nitric or sulfuric acid vapor required to achieve alteration of the soot surface appeared to be considerably larger than that expected to be experienced by authentic atmospheric samples during the soot particles lifetime. The most significant variability of soot contact angle was observed for the municipal bus exhaust samples, suggesting that combustion chemistry may significantly affect wetting behavior.

关键词： Soot Black Carbon Wetting Enthalpy of Immersion Contact Angle Graphene Oxide

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石英纳米通道单磷脂囊泡的电阻-脉冲分析方法（英文）

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电化学 2017年第2期23卷 207-216页

作者： jonathan T.Cox 张波美国华盛顿大学化学系西雅图华盛顿981951700

本文报告了用于检测单囊泡及其粒径分析的石英纳米通道电阻-脉冲分析方法.采用圆柱形石英纳米通道可检测粒径为100~300 nm的单磷脂囊泡和直径为170~400 nm的聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒.单囊泡和纳米颗粒的迁移可通过检测各自产生的方波电流脉冲信... 详细信息

本文报告了用于检测单囊泡及其粒径分析的石英纳米通道电阻-脉冲分析方法.采用圆柱形石英纳米通道可检测粒径为100~300 nm的单磷脂囊泡和直径为170~400 nm的聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒.单囊泡和纳米颗粒的迁移可通过检测各自产生的方波电流脉冲信号,并由此确定颗粒尺寸.结果表明,采用石英纳米通道电阻-脉冲分析方法得到的颗粒/囊泡粒径与采用动态光散射法和扫描电子显微法得到的结果完全一致.这种基于电子的分析方法具有快速简单的特点,所用的自制微传感器廉价耐用.石英通道的应用还可与其它分析方法如电流分析法和荧光显微法联用,以获得生物囊泡及人工囊泡更完全的信息.

关键词：电阻-脉冲分析方法石英纳米通道单囊泡聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒

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Dynamics of Deforestation and Degradation of Forests in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 1990 to 2018

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第5期11卷 451-461页

作者： Lutumba Suika Achille Kebin zhang Christian jonathan Kouassi Anoma College of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating Beijing Forestry University Beijing China

Improving conditions to maintain soil fertility levels by avoiding deforestation would require an assessment of the contribution of forests to soil regeneration in complex and unpredictable farming systems involving alternating slash-and-burn farming. Results on forest cover over the period 1990-2018 indicate a net annual deforestation rate of 2.12% ± 0.07% and 0.12% annual degradation. The rate of deforestation is estimated mainly in relation to dense forests. Deforestation is the degradation that seems relatively important for DR Congo with relative population densities or the demand for agricultural land is greater which will lead to several consequences such as climate change, soil erosion, biodiversity loss, CO2 emissions, and natural disasters.

关键词： Deforestation Natural Disaster Climate Change Soil Regeneration Dense Forests

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Analysis of Climate Variability and Relation to Vegetation in Garamba National Park from 1990-2020

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第10期11卷 700-723页

作者： Lutumba Suika Achille Kebin zhang Christian jonathan Kouassi Anoma College of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating Beijing Forestry University Beijing China

Climatic factors impact vegetation. Our study was to examine and analyze the climate variability and relationship to vegetation in Garamba National Park of the Democratic Republic of the Congo over the past 30 years (1990 to 2020), then to relate the climatic variables. Mann Kendall’s non parametric test, ANOVA, and p-value tests are used to analyze existing trends and relationships between vegetation cover, climatic factors, land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference in temperature Vegetation index (NDVI), Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) in Garamba national park which is of particular importance for the network of protected areas of the Democratic republic of Congo because its position at the northern limit of the savanna-forest mosaics gives it a unique biodiversity. The southern part of the park is dominated by grassy shrub savannas. The results showed that: 1) In Garamba, the monthly correlation coefficient of Kendall and Pearsan between temperature and precipitation are negative respectively 0.763 and −0.876 (p-value < 0.00001). 2) Annually during the three decades in Garamba, the correlation between precipitation and NDVI is significant 0.416 (Kendall) and 0.496 (Pearsan);the same between precipitation and EVI 0.291 (Kendall) and 0.496 (Pearsan) while LST and precipitation are negatively correlated (p-value < 0.00001).

关键词： Remote Sensing Correlation Coefficient Vegetation Land Surface Temperature Enhanced Vegetation Index Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

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Experimental Gaussian Boson sampling

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Science Bulletin 2019年第8期64卷 511-515页

作者： Han-Sen Zhong Li-Chao Peng Yuan Li Yi Hu Wei Li Jian Qin Dian Wu Weijun zhang Hao Li Lu zhang Zhen Wang Lixing You Xiao Jiang Li Li Nai-Le Liu jonathan P.Dowling Chao-Yang Lu Jian-Wei Pan Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT) Chinese Academy of Sciences Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics at NYU Shanghai

Gaussian Boson sampling(GBS) provides a highly efficient approach to make use of squeezed states from parametric down-conversion to solve a classically hard-to-solve sampling problem. The GBS protocol not only significantly enhances the photon generation probability, compared to standard Boson sampling with single photon Fock states, but also links to potential applications such as dense subgraph problems and molecular vibronic spectra. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of GBS using squeezed-state sources with simultaneously high photon indistinguishability and collection *** implement and validate 3-, 4- and 5-photon GBS with high sampling rates of 832, 163 and 23 kHz,respectively, which is more than 4.4, 12.0, and 29.5 times faster than the previous ***, we observe a quantum speed-up on a NP-hard optimization problem when comparing with simulated thermal sampler and uniform sampler.

关键词： Quantum information Boson sampling Gaussian Boson sampling Squeezed state Quantum advantage Quantum approximate optimization

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Optical meta-waveguides for integrated photonics and beyond

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第12期10卷 2263-2306页

作者： Yuan Meng Yizhen Chen Longhui Lu Yimin Ding Andrea Cusano jonathan A.Fan Qiaomu Hu Kaiyuan Wang Zhenwei Xie Zhoutian Liu Yuanmu Yang Qiang Liu Mali Gong Qirong Xiao Shulin Sun Minming zhang Xiaocong Yuan Xingjie Ni State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision InstrumentTsinghua University100084 BeijingChina Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing and School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Electrical Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Optoelearonic Division Department of EngineeringUniversity of Sannio1-82100 BeneventoItaly Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Nanophotonics Research Centre Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information TechnologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology Ministry of EducationTsinghua University100084 BeijingChina Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University Chengbei RoadYiwu City 322000 ZhejiangChina Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074 HubeiChina

The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical structures available on a photonic *** integration of subwavelength-structured metasurfaces and metamaterials on the canonical building block of optical waveguides is gradually reshaping the landscape of photonic integrated circuits,giving rise to numerous metawaveguides with unprecedented strength in controlling guided electromagnetic ***,we review recent advances in meta-structured waveguides that synergize various functional subwavelength photonic architectures with diverse waveguide platforms,such as dielectric or plasmonic waveguides and optical *** results and representative applications are comprehensively *** physical models with explicit design tutorials,either physical intuition-based design methods or computer algorithms-based inverse designs,are cataloged as *** highlight how meta-optics can infuse new degrees of freedom to waveguide-based devices and systems,by enhancing light-matter interaction strength to drastically boost device performance,or offering a versatile designer media for manipulating light in nanoscale to enable novel *** further discuss current challenges and outline emerging opportunities of this vibrant field for various applications in photonic integrated circuits,biomedical sensing,artificial intelligence and beyond.

关键词： waveguides waveguide beyond

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Downregulation of Hes1 expression in experimental biliary atresia and its effects on bile duct structure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第29期24卷 3260-3272页

作者： Rui-Zhong zhang Xin-Hao Zeng Ze-Feng Lin Ming-Fu Yan-Lu Tong Vincent CH Lui Paul KH Tam jonathan R Lamb Hui-Min Xia Yan Chen Department of Pediatric Surgery Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510623Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Surgery and Pathology University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Natural SciencesImperial College LondonLondon SW7 2AZUnited Kingdom

AIM To analyze the expression and function of the notchsignaling target gene Hes1 in a rhesus rotavirusinduced mouse biliary atresia model. METHODS The morphologies of biliary epithelial cells in biliary atresia patients and in a mouse model were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Then, the differential expression of Notch signaling pathway-related molecules was investigated. Further, the effects of the si RNAmediated inhibition of Hes1 expression were examined using a biliary epithelial cell 3 D culture *** Both immature(Ep CAM+) and mature(CK19+) biliary epithelial cells were detected in the livers of biliary atresia patients without a ductile structure and in the mouse model with a distorted bile duct structure. The hepatic expression of transcripts for most Notch signaling molecules were significantly reduced on day 7 but recovered to normal levels by day 14, except for the target molecule Hes1, which still exhibited lower m RNA and protein levels. Expression of the Hes1 transcriptional co-regulator, RBP-Jκ was also reduced. A 3 D gel culture system promoted the maturation of immature biliary epithelial cells, with increased expression of CK19+ cells and the formation of a duct-like structure. The administration of Hes1 si RNA blocked this process. As a result, the cells remained in an immature state, and no duct-like structure was *** Our data indicated that Hes1 might contribute to the maturation and the cellular structure organization of biliary epithelial cells, which provides new insight into understanding the pathology of biliary atresia.

关键词： Biliary atresia Rhesus rotavirus Hes1 EpCAM Epithelial cells 3D culture

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