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COVID-19 as a trigger of irritable bowel syndrome:A review of potential mechanisms

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第43期27卷 7433-7445页

作者： Carlo Romano Settanni Gianluca Ianiro Francesca Romana Ponziani Stefano Bibbò jonathan philip segal Giovanni Cammarota Antonio Gasbarrini UnitàOperativa Complessa Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e ChirurgicheFondazione Policlinico Universitario"A.Gemelli"IRCCSRome 00168Italy Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hillingdon HospitalUxbridge HA13UJUnited Kingdom

In December 2019 a novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),started spreading from Wuhan city of Chinese Hubei province and rapidly became a global *** symptoms of the disease range from paucisymptomatic disease to a much more severe *** symptoms of the initial phase include fever and cough,with possible progression to acute respiratory distress *** manifestations such as diarrhoea,vomiting and abdominal pain are reported in a considerable number of affected individuals and may be due to the SARS-CoV-2 tropism for the peptidase angiotensin receptor *** intestinal homeostasis and microenvironment appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and in the enhancement of the systemic inflammatory ***-term consequences of COVID-19 include respiratory disturbances and other disabling manifestations,such as fatigue and psychological *** date,there is a paucity of data on the gastrointestinal sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 *** COVID-19 can directly or indirectly affect the gut physiology in different ways,it is plausible that functional bowel diseases may occur after the recovery because of potential pathophysiological alterations(dysbiosis,disruption of the intestinal barrier,mucosal microinflammation,post-infectious states,immune dysregulation and psychological stress).In this review we speculate that COVID-19 can trigger irritable bowel syndrome and we discuss the potential mechanisms.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Irritable bowel syndrome Microbiota Dysbiosis Gut-brain axis

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Redefining Human Vitamin D Sufficiency:Back to the Basics

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Bone Research 2013年第1期1卷 2-10页

作者： John S.Adams jonathan Ramin Brandon Rafison Charles Windon Annika Windon philip T.Liu Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center UCLA-Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLA Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental BiologyDivision of Life SciencesCollege of Letters and ScienceUCLA

The role of the endocrine vitamin D pathway in regulating the serum calcium concentration in man is well described. In the presence of a low serum calcium level, the vitamin D metabolic pathway is called upon to produce more of the active vitamin D hormone, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D （1, 25D）, via up-regulation of the CYP27b1-hydroxylase activity in the kidney. The consequence is mobilization of skeletal calcium stores to return the circulating calcium level back to the normal range. On the other hand, when the serum calcium level increases, endocrine forces move to suppress renal 1, 25D production and squelch bone resorption. It is now known that vitamin D metabolites also operate in an autocrine, paracrine and intracrine mode to control vitamin D receptor-directed biological responses at the tissue level. Because the metabolism and action of vitamin D occurs at the tissue level in this situation, use of circulating vitamin D metabolites and biomarkers to ascertain the local action of the vitamin D pathway is often misleading. This mini-review seeks to compare and contrast the operation of the vitamin D pathway at the endocrine and tissue level.

关键词： metabolism endocrine autocrine hormone biomarkers

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Photonic Crystal Fibers

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 11-12页

作者： William J. Wadsworth jonathan C. Knight William H. Reeves philip St.J. Russell Department of Physics University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK.Department of Physics University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK.Department of Physics University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK.Department of Physics University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK.

By offering greatly enhanced control of light compared to conventional step-index structures, photonic crystal fibres are radically improving the performance of linear and nonlinear fibre devices, including gas-Raman ... 详细信息

关键词： PCF of or Photonic Crystal Fibers in

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Heart Surgery Practice in Sub Saharan Africa: Single Nigerian Institutional Midterm Results and Challenges

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2014年第3期4卷 35-41页

作者： jonathan O. Nwiloh Mobolaji A. Oludara philip A. Adebola Department of Medicine Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Department of Surgery Atlanta Medical Center Atlanta USA Department of Surgery Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria

Background: The majority of prospective cardiac surgical patients in sub Saharan Africa lack access to open heart surgery. We reviewed our midterm results to identify the obstacles to growth and challenges with sustainability. Methods: Records of patients undergoing heart surgery at LASUTH from December 2004 to March 2006 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical and outcome data. Results: Twenty four patients age 10-50, mean 28.0 +/? 10.49 years and 13 (54.2%) males underwent surgery. 12 (50.0%) patients had mechanical valve replacements, 11 (45.8%) closure of septal defects and 1 (4.2%) left atrial myxoma resection. Logistic euroscore for valve patients was 5.81 +/? 4.74 while observed mortality was 8.3% (1/12). Overall 30 days operative mortality was 8.3% (2/24) and major morbidity 4.2% (1/24). Patients with septal defects closure stopped clinic visits within a year. Valve patients follow up was complete in 90.1% with mean duration of 55.2 +/? 15.3 months. Late events occurred only in females with mitral valve replacements. The 5-year freedom from thromboembolism and bleeding was 74.0% and survival 82.0% in valve patients. Conclusion: Despite limited resources heart surgery can safely be performed with good outcomes by trained local personnel under supervision of visiting foreign teams until they are proficient to operate independently. Patients with less complex congenital defects have excellent postsurgical outcomes, while patients with rheumatic valve replacement are subject to ongoing valve related morbidity and mortality therefore require lifetime follow up. Choice of prosthetic valve for the mostly indigent and poorly educated population remains a challenge. We now prefer stented tissue valve despite its known limitations, in child bearing age females desirous of childbirth and others unlikely to comply with anticoagulation regimen. Barriers to sustainability include poor infrastructures, few skilled manpower, inadequate funding and restricted patient acce

关键词： Open Heart Surgery Prosthetic Valve Choice Anticoagulation

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Modeling Human Blockers in Millimeter Wave Radio Links

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ZTE Communications 2012年第4期10卷 23-28页

作者： jonathan S. Lu Daniel Steinbach Patrick Cabrol philip Pietraski InterDigital Communications LLCMelvilleNY 11747 USA

In this paper, we investigate the loss caused by multiple humans blocking millimeter wave frequencies. We model human blockers as absorbing screens of infinite height with two knife-edges, We take a physical optics approach to computing the diffraction around the absorbing screens, This approach differs to the geometric optics approach described in much of the literature. The blocking model is validated by measuring the gain from multiple-human blocking configurations on an indoor link. The blocking gains predicted using Piazzi ＇ s numerical integration method （a physical optics method） agree well with measurements taken from approximately 2.7 dB to -50 dB. Thereofre, this model is suitable for real human blockers, The mean prediction error for the method is approximately -1.2 dB, and the standard deviation is approximately 5 dB.

关键词： 60 GHz diffraction human blocking loss human shadowing indoor environment millimeter wave propagation physical optics

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Dysfunctional stem and progenitor cells impair fracture healing with age

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第6期11卷 281-296页

作者： Diane R Wagner Sonali Karnik Zachary J Gunderson Jeffery J Nielsen Alanna Fennimore Hunter J Promer jonathan W Lowery M Terry Loghmani philip S Low Todd O McKinley Melissa A Kacena Matthias Clauss Jiliang Li Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States Department of Physical Therapy Indiana University- Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202United States Division of Biomedical Science Marian University College of Osteopathic MedicineIndianapolisIN 46222United States Department of Chemistry Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907 United States Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center IndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Medicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Biology Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202United States

Successful fracture healing requires the simultaneous regeneration of both the bone and vasculature;mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are directed to replace the bone tissue, while endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) form the new vasculature that supplies blood to the fracture site. In the elderly, the healing process is slowed, partly due to decreased regenerative function of these stem and progenitor cells. MSCs from older individuals are impaired with regard to cell number, proliferative capacity, ability to migrate, and osteochondrogenic differentiation potential. The proliferation, migration and function of EPCs are also compromised with advanced age. Although the reasons for cellular dysfunction with age are complex and multidimensional, reduced expression of growth factors, accumulation of oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species, and altered signaling of the Sirtuin-1 pathway are contributing factors to aging at the cellular level of both MSCs and EPCs. Because of these geriatric-specific issues, effective treatment for fracture repair may require new therapeutic techniques to restore cellular function. Some suggested directions for potential treatments include cellular therapies, pharmacological agents, treatments targeting age-related molecular mechanisms, and physical therapeutics. Advanced age is the primary risk factor for a fracture, due to the low bone mass and inferior bone quality associated with aging;a better understanding of the dysfunctional behavior of the aging cell will provide a foundation for new treatments to decrease healing time and reduce the development of complications during the extended recovery from fracture healing in the elderly.

关键词： Fracture healing Aging Bone Angiogenesis Mesenchymal stem cells Endothelial progenitor cells

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太阳神殿

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商业周刊（中文版） 2019年第21期 74-79页

作者： jonathan Tirone Alastair philip Wiper(摄影) 杜然(译) 不详

法国南部在建的国际热核聚变实验反应堆(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor,ITER)是世界上最大的科学难题--也是世界上最大的贸易难题之一。在材料、人员和思想的跨境流动囿于关税、仇外情绪和知识产权法之际,一个由35... 详细信息

法国南部在建的国际热核聚变实验反应堆(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor,ITER)是世界上最大的科学难题--也是世界上最大的贸易难题之一。在材料、人员和思想的跨境流动囿于关税、仇外情绪和知识产权法之际,一个由35个国家构成的网络正在寻求利用让星星发光的力量。

关键词：热核聚变实验跨境流动法国南部 ITER 科学难题太阳神知识产权法反应堆

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无先前已知心脏病儿童的电轴左偏

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中国循证儿科杂志 2019年第4期14卷 319-320页

作者： Andrew E. Schneider Bryan C. Cannon jonathan N. Johnson Michael J. Ackerman philip L. Wackel 赵趣鸣(译) 刘芳(校) Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatric and Adolescent MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota Division of Heart Rhythm Services Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota 不详

研究背景在儿童中,电轴左偏与一些特殊类型的心脏病理有关,许多患儿在婴儿期得到确诊;但目前尚不清楚无症状的电轴左偏儿童的心脏病发生率,也不清楚这类儿童需要做哪些其他检查。研究新知本研究确认,无先前已知心脏病的电轴左偏儿童可... 详细信息

研究背景在儿童中,电轴左偏与一些特殊类型的心脏病理有关,许多患儿在婴儿期得到确诊;但目前尚不清楚无症状的电轴左偏儿童的心脏病发生率,也不清楚这类儿童需要做哪些其他检查。研究新知本研究确认,无先前已知心脏病的电轴左偏儿童可能存在合并心脏病的危险因素,这些危险因素可以帮助临床医师在偶然发现电轴左偏时,决定哪些患儿应做进一步的检查。

关键词：电轴左偏心脏病理儿童危险因素临床医师婴儿期发生率无症状

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Appropriateness of systemic treatments in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第8期21卷 2450-2459页

作者： jonathan R Strosberg George A Fisher Al B Benson Lowell B Anthony Bulent Arslan John F Gibbs Edward Greeno Renuka V Iyer Michelle K Kim William J Maples philip A philip Edward M Wolin Dasha Cherepanov Michael S Broder Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Department of Medicine Division of Oncology Stanford University Medical Center Stanford Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University Department of Internal Medicine Division of Medical Oncology University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center Rush University Medical Center Department of Surgery University at Buffalo - State University of New York Department of Medicine Division of Hematology Oncology and Transplantation University of Minnesota Department of Medical Oncology Roswell Park Cancer Institute Department of Medicine Gastroenterology Mount Sinai School of Medicine Mission Health System Asheville Department of Oncology Karmanos Cancer Institute Partnership for Health Analytic Research LLC

AIM:To evaluate systemic treatment choices in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)and provide consensus treatment ***:Systemic treatment options for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have expanded in recent years to include somatostatin analogs,angiogenesis inhibitors,inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycinand cytotoxic *** this time,there is little data to guide treatment selection and *** therefore assembled a panel of expert physicians to evaluate systemic treatment choices and provide consensus treatment *** appropriateness ratings were collected using the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi *** studying the literature,a multidisciplinary panel of 10 physicians assessed the appropriateness of various medical treatment scenarios on a 1-9 *** were done both before and after an extended discussion of the *** measurements of agreement were made and consensus statements developed from the second round ***:Specialties represented were medical and surgical oncology,interventional radiology,and *** had practiced for a mean of15.5 years(range:6-33).Among 202 rated scenarios,disagreement decreased from 13.2%(26 scenarios)before the face-to-face discussion of evidence to 1%(2)*** the final ratings,46.5%(94 scenarios)were rated inappropriate,21.8%(44)were uncertain,and30.7%(62)were *** statements from the scenarios included:(1)it is appropriate to use somatostatin analogs as first line therapy in patients with hormonally functional tumors and may be appropriate in patients who are asymptomatic;(2)it is appropriate to use everolimus,sunitinib,or cytotoxic chemotherapy therapy as first line therapy in patients with symptomatic or progressive tumors;and(3)beyond first line,these same agents can be *** patients with uncontrolled secretory symptoms,octreotide LAR doses can be titrated u

关键词： Unresectable Neuroendocrine carcinomas Neuroendocr

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显微外科手术治疗男性不育

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中国男科学杂志 2007年第3期21卷 64-66页

作者： jonathan D.Schiff philip S.Li Marc Goldstein 黄翼然刘毅东 Department of UrologyMount Sinai School of MedicineMount Sinai Medical Center Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and MicrosurgeryDepartment of UrologyWeill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University 上海交通大学附属仁济医院泌尿科

男性不育可以简单的分为精子产生障碍（睾丸衰竭）与精子运输障碍（梗阻性）。在所有由于梗阻性因素引起的男性不育，以及很大一部分由于精子生成障碍引起的男性不育病例中都需要手术干预。本文将介绍的手术方案包括精索静脉曲张手术、... 详细信息

男性不育可以简单的分为精子产生障碍（睾丸衰竭）与精子运输障碍（梗阻性）。在所有由于梗阻性因素引起的男性不育，以及很大一部分由于精子生成障碍引起的男性不育病例中都需要手术干预。本文将介绍的手术方案包括精索静脉曲张手术、精道梗阻重建术以及用于辅助生育技术的取精子术。在大多数可适用的情况下，我们使用药物治疗作为提高生育率的最初选择，或者作为提高取精子成功率的辅助方法。在过去的10-15年里，治疗男性不育的技术发展迅速，现在大部分病例都可以成功治愈。我们可以纠正由于精索静脉曲张引起的精子生成障碍，可以解决梗阻性无精子症，也可以通过取精子术结合体外受精技术治疗无精子症。

关键词：显微外科手术不育,男性输精管吻合术精索静脉曲张取精术

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