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Sexual dimorphism in cranial shape and size in geomyoid rodents:multivariate and evolutionary perspectives

Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 469-487页

作者： jonathan J m Calede Andrew Brown Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State University318 W.12th Ave.300 Aronoff LaboratoryColumbusOH 43210USA The Ohio State University at marion 1459 Mount Vernon AvenueMarionOH 43302USA College of Veterinary medicine Texas A&M University660 Raymond Stotzer PkwyCollege StationTX 77843USA

Geomyoid rodents provide a great study system for the analysis of sexual *** are polygynic and many inhabit harsh arid environments thought to promote sexual *** fact,there has been extensive work published on the sexual size dimorphism of individual populations and species within this rodent ***,little work has been undertaken to assess the evolutionary patterns and processes associated with this sexual *** use multivariate analyses of cranial measurements in a phylogenetic framework to determine the distribution of size and shape dimorphism among geomyoids and test for Rensch’s *** results suggest that sexual dimorphism is more common in geomyids than heteromyids,but it is not in fact *** is evidence for variation in sexual dimorphism across ***,in many taxa,geographic variation appears to overwhelm existing sexual *** find support for the repeated independent evolution of shape and size dimorphism across geomyoid taxa,but we do not find support for an association between size and shape *** is no evidence for Rensch’s rule in geomyoids,whether at the superfamily or family ***,our findings suggest that there is no single explanation for the evolution of sexual dimorphism in geomyoids and that,instead,it is the product of numerous evolutionary *** studies incorporating phylogenetic relationships will be necessary to paint a more complete picture of the evolution of sexual dimorphism in geomyoids.

关键词： Geomyidae Heteromyidae phylogenetic comparative methods morphometrics Rensch’s rule

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Dangers of scientific bias against herbal drugs for coronavirus disease 2019

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2020年第6期18卷 459-461页

作者： jonathan m.Fields Integrative medicine US TamaracFL 33321USA

On may 15, 2020, the Lancet published an article titled Use of Herbal Drugs to Treat COVID-19 Should be with Caution. While this is true of all drugs, herbal and otherwise, the data may be biased and deserve a scientific response. We believe these types of reports will unfairly and negatively impact the field of integrative medicine as a whole, and must be answered with facts and statistics that more accurately represent the current situation.

关键词： Herbal Coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 medicine,Chinese traditional Complementary therapies

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Redefining Human Vitamin D Sufficiency:Back to the Basics

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Bone Research 2013年第1期1卷 2-10页

作者： John S.adams jonathan Ramin Brandon Rafison Charles Windon Annika Windon Philip T.Liu Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center UCLA-Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLA Department of molecular Cell and Developmental BiologyDivision of Life SciencesCollege of Letters and ScienceUCLA

The role of the endocrine vitamin D pathway in regulating the serum calcium concentration in man is well described. In the presence of a low serum calcium level, the vitamin D metabolic pathway is called upon to produce more of the active vitamin D hormone, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D （1, 25D）, via up-regulation of the CYP27b1-hydroxylase activity in the kidney. The consequence is mobilization of skeletal calcium stores to return the circulating calcium level back to the normal range. On the other hand, when the serum calcium level increases, endocrine forces move to suppress renal 1, 25D production and squelch bone resorption. It is now known that vitamin D metabolites also operate in an autocrine, paracrine and intracrine mode to control vitamin D receptor-directed biological responses at the tissue level. Because the metabolism and action of vitamin D occurs at the tissue level in this situation, use of circulating vitamin D metabolites and biomarkers to ascertain the local action of the vitamin D pathway is often misleading. This mini-review seeks to compare and contrast the operation of the vitamin D pathway at the endocrine and tissue level.

关键词： metabolism endocrine autocrine hormone biomarkers

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UNDERSTANDING THE mECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SINGLE mICRO-PARTICLES AND THEIR COmPACTION BEHAVIOUR

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China Particuology 2006年第1期4卷 35-40页

作者： Siaw Fung Yap michael adams jonathan Seville Zhibing Zhang Centre of Formulation Engineering Chemical Engineering School of Engineering University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK

The compaction of particulate materials to form tablets is increasingly employed as a final dosage form for functional products due to its simplicity and low cost. However, the functionality of some products may be impaired due to the high compression pressures required. The general aim of the current study is to understand the relationship between the mechanical properties of single feed particles （〈 100μm） and their compaction behaviour in order to produce tablets at low compression pressure with acceptable strength. The materials studied were pharmaceutical excipients, comprising three enteric polymer particles and three different powders in the form of agglomerates. The mechanical properties of the individual particles or agglomerates were determined by a micromanipulation technique. The samples were also compacted in cylindrical tableting dies. It was observed that there was a strong correlation between the forces required to cause the fracture of the single particles and those derived from the compaction measurements as determined using an existing analysis.

关键词： compaction mechanical strength Eudragit rupture stress micromanipulation particles

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multivariate analyses of skull morphology inform the taxonomy and evolution of geomyoid rodents

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Current Zoology 2023年第4期69卷 456-474页

作者： Lily A.Noftza jonathan J.m.Calede aBiology Program The Ohio State University at Marion1459 Mount Vernon AvenueMarionOH 43302USA Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State University318 W.12th Ave.ColumbusOH 43210USA.

morphological analyses are critical to quantify phenotypic variation,identify taxa,inform phylogenetic relationships,and shed light on evolutionary *** work is particularly important in groups that display great morphological *** is the case in geomyoid rodents,a group that includes 2 of the most species-rich families of rodents in North America:the Geomyidae(pocket gophers)and the Heteromyidae(kangaroo rats,pocket mice,and their relatives).We assessed variation in skull morphology(including both shape and size)among geomyoids to test the hypothesis that there are statistically significant differences in skull measurements at the family,genus,and species *** sample includes 886 specimens representing all geomyoid genera and 39 *** used the geometric mean to compare size across *** used 14 measurements of the cranium and lower jaw normalized for size to compare shape among and within *** results show that skull measurements enable the distinction of geomyoids at the family,genus,and species *** is a larger amount of size variation within Geomyidae than within *** phylomorphospace analysis shows that the skull shape of the common ancestor of all geomyoids was more similar to the common ancestor of heteromyids than that of *** skulls display negative allometry whereas heteromyid skulls display positive *** heteromyids,dipodomyines,and non-dipodomyines show significantly different allometric *** analyses including fossils will be necessary to test our evolutionary hypotheses.

关键词： canalization convergent evolution Geomyidae Heteromyidae morphometrics phylomorphospace

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The heterogeneity of store-operated calcium entry in melanoma

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第8期59卷 764-769页

作者： Robert Hooper m.Raza Zaidi jonathan Soboloff Fels Institute for Cancer Research and molecular Biology Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Department of medical Genetics & molecular Biochemistry Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University

Calcium is a key regulator of many physiological processes that are perturbed in cancer, such as migration, proliferation and apoptosis. The proteins STIm and Orai mediate store-operated calcium entry(SOCE), the main pathway for calcium entry in non-excitable cells. Changes in the expression and function of STIm and Orai have been found in a range of cancer types and thus implicated in disease progression. Here we discuss the role of STIm, Orai and the SOCE pathway in the progression of melanoma and explore how the heterogeneous nature of melanoma may explain the lack of consensus in the field regarding the role of SOCE in the progression of this disease.

关键词： melanoma STIm1 Orail metastasis

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Current taxane formulations and emerging cabazitaxel delivery systems

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5193-5218页

作者： Boyang Sun Robert m. Straubinger jonathan F. Lovell Department of Biomedical Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY 14214 USA

Cabazitaxel is a second-generation taxane with promising anti-tumor activity and is approved for treating hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel. Although first-generation taxanes （i.e. paclitaxel and docetaxel） have sparked broad interest in a variety of drug delivery vehicles, fewer have yet been developed for cabazitaxel. This review summarizes several clinical-stage approaches for taxane formulation and recent efforts to develop novel cabazitaxel delivery systems.

关键词： cabazitaxel Jevtana taxanes drug delivery systems nanocarriers

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Sequential fusion estimation for multisensor systems with non-Gaussian noises

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第12期63卷 153-165页

作者： Liping YAN Chenying DI Q.m.jonathan WU Yuanqing XIA Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems School of AutomationBeijing Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Windsor

The sequential fusion estimation for multisensor systems disturbed by non-Gaussian but heavytailed noises is studied in this paper. Based on multivariate t-distribution and the approximate t-filter,the sequential fusion algorithm is presented. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and compared with the t-filter-based centralized batch fusion and the Gaussian Kalman filter-based optimal centralized fusion. Theoretical analysis and exhaustive experimental analysis show that the proposed algorithm is effective. As the generalization of the classical Gaussian Kalman filter-based optimal sequential fusion algorithm, the presented algorithm is shown to be superior to the Gaussian Kalman filter-based optimal centralized batch fusion and the optimal sequential fusion in estimation of dynamic systems with non-Gaussian noises.

关键词： state estimation sequential fusion non-Gaussian disturbance heavy-tailed noise multivariate $t$-distribution

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A Fractal Dimension Based Framework for Night Vision Fusion

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第1期6卷 220-227页

作者： Gaurav Bhatnagar Q.m.jonathan Wu IEEE the Department of mathematics Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Windsor

In this paper, a novel fusion framework is proposed for night-vision applications such as pedestrian recognition,vehicle navigation and surveillance. The underlying concept is to combine low-light visible and infrared imagery into a single output to enhance visual perception. The proposed framework is computationally simple since it is only realized in the spatial domain. The core idea is to obtain an initial fused image by averaging all the source images. The initial fused image is then enhanced by selecting the most salient features guided from the root mean square error(RmSE) and fractal dimension of the visual and infrared images to obtain the final fused *** experiments on different scene imaginary demonstrate that it is consistently superior to the conventional image fusion methods in terms of visual and quantitative evaluations.

关键词： Fractal dimension image fusion navigation and surveillance night vision

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The consequences of genomic architecture on ecological speciation in postglacial fishes

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 53-71页

作者： Sean m. ROGERS jonathan A. mEE Ella BOWLES Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada

The quest for the origin of species has entered the genomics era. Despite decades of evidence confirming the role of the environment in ecological speciation, an understanding of the genomics of ecological speciation is still in its infancy. In this review, we explore the role of genomic architecture in ecological speciation in postglacial fishes. Growing evidence for the num- ber, location, effect size, and interactions among the genes underlying population persistence, adaptive trait divergence, and re- productive isolation in these fishes reinforces the importance of considering genomic architecture in studies of ecological speci- ation. Additionally, these populations likely adapt to new freshwater environments by selection on standing genetic variation, as de novo mutations are unlikely under such recent divergence times. We hypothesize that modular genomic architectures in post- glacial fish taxa may be associated with the probability of population persistence. Empirical studies have confirmed the genic na- ture of ecological speciation, implicating surprisingly extensive linkage disequilibrium across the genome. An understanding of these genomic mosaics and how they contribute to reproductive barriers remains unclear, but migration rates and the strength of selection at these loci is predicted to influence the likelihood of population divergence. Altogether, understanding the role of ge- nomic architecture is an important component of speciation research and postglacial fishes continue to provide excellent organ- isms to test these questions, both from the perspective of variation in architectures among taxa, and with respect to the distinct environments they have colonized. However, more empirical tests of ecological speciation predictions are needed [Current Zoo- logy 59 （1）： 53-71, 2013].

关键词： Adaptation Ecological speciation Genomic architecture modularity Postglacial fishes QTL

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