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Gum Chewing and Cognition: An Overview

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2012年第3期3卷 243-250页

作者： Lara tucha Janneke Koerts Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands

In recent years, there was a debate about the effects of gum chewing on various aspects of cognitive functioning. In this review, the results of previous studies are presented and summarized. There is a clear indication that gum chewing can improve various aspects of cognitive functioning including memory, attention and both executive and intellectual functioning. However, there is also clear evidence that chewing gum during cognitive tasks can adversely affect task performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the replication of (beneficial or detrimental) effects of gum chewing on cognition has been proven to be very difficult. Consequently, the robustness of reported effects of gum chewing on cognition has to be questioned. Suggestions for future research are given.

关键词： Gum Chewing Mastication Cognition Memory Review

Dual Zariski Spaces of Modules

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Algebra Colloquium 2023年第4期30卷 569-584页

作者： seçilÇeken Department of Mathematics Trakya UniversityEdirneTurkey

Let R be a commutative ring with identity,M be an R-module,L(M)denote the set of all submodules of M and g■(M)\{OM}.For any submodule N of M,we set gV^(d)(N)={K∈g:K■N}and gζ^(d)(M)=(GV^(d)(N):N■L(M)).Consider χ■L(R)\{R},where L(R)is the set of all ideals of *** set χV(I)=(J∈x:I■J)and χζ(R)={xV(I):I■L(R)}for any ideal I of *** this paper,we investigate when,for arbitrary χ and g as above,χζ(R)and gζ^(d)(M)form a topology and a semimodule,*** investigate the structure of gζ^(d)(M)in the case that it is a semimodule.

关键词： dual Zariski semimodule χ-Zariski semiring ·-coprime submodule subtractive subspace

Effects of Excision of a Mass Lesion of the Precentral Region of the Left Hemisphere on Disturbances of Graphomotor Output

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2012年第2期3卷 181-186页

作者： Oliver tucha Lara tucha Christian Smely Klaus W. Lange Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands Department of Experimental Psychology University of Regensburg Re-gensburg Germany Department of Neurosurgery Lahr General Hospital Lahr Germany

In the present study, the effect of neurosurgery on graphomotor output of a right-handed female patient with a mass lesion of the precentral region of the left frontal lobe was reported. For examination of handwriting movements a digitizing tablet was used. Preoperatively, the patient showed longer movement times than healthy subjects and patients with lesions of the left frontal lobe without involvement of the precentral region. Furthermore, the analysis of kinematic data revealed a severe dysfluency of her handwriting. Postoperatively, a significant improvement of writing time and fluency of handwriting was observed. Since the integrity of handwriting plays an important role in everyday functioning, disturbances of handwriting movements should be objectified and reassessed in follow-up assessment using new techniques such as digitizing tablets.

关键词： Brain Tumour Neurosurgery Handwriting Kinematics Motor Function

On the rate of convergence of the maximum likelihood estimator of a k-monotone density

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Science China Mathematics 2009年第7期52卷 1525-1538页

作者： WELLNER jon A Department of Statistics University of Washington

Bounds for the bracketing entropy of the classes of bounded k-monotone functions on [0,A] are obtained under both the Hellinger distance and the Lp(Q) distance,where 1 p < ∞ and Q is a probability measure on [0,A].The result is then applied to obtain the rate of convergence of the maximum likelihood estimator of a k-monotone density.

关键词： bracketing metric entropy maximum likelihood estimator Hellinger distance 62G05 46B50

Theoretical insights of the pharmaceutical compound fluoxetine in water:Role in direct photolysis and indirect photolysis by free radicals

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 269-278页

作者： Ying Lu se Wang Yifan Shen School of Environmental Science and Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution ControlNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

The frequent detection of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment has led to a growing awareness,which may pose a major threat to the aquatic *** this study,photodegradation(direct and indirect photolysis)of two different dissociation states of fluoxetine(FLU)was investigated in water,mainly including the determination of photolytic transition states and products,and the mechanisms of indirect photodegradation with·OH,CO_(3)^(*-)and NO_(3)^(*).The main direct photolysis pathways are defluorination and C–C bond *** addition,the indirect photodegradation of FLU in water is mainly through the reactions with·OH and NO_(3)^(*),and the photodegradation reaction with CO_(3)^(*-)is relatively difficult to occur in the water *** results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the phototransformation process of FLU in the water environment and assessing its potential risk.

关键词： Fluoxetine Photochemical mechanism Direct photolysis Free radical reaction DFT

Varieties for Cohomology with Twisted Coefficients

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English series 1999年第1期15卷 81-92页

作者： jon F.Carlson Department of Mathemtics University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602 USA

Let G be a finite group and k a field of characteristic p>*** this paper we consider the support variety for the cohomology module ExtkG*（M,N） where M and N are *** is the subvariety of the maximal ideal spectrum of H*（G,k） of the annihilator of the cohomology module. For modules in the principal block we show that that the variety is contained in the intersections of the varieties of M and N and the difference between the that intersection and the support variety of the cohomology module is contained in the group theoretic *** other blocks a new nucleus is defined and a similar theorem is *** in the case of modules in a nonprincipal block several new difficulties are highlighted by some examples.

关键词： Group Cohomology Support varieties Cohomological varieties Annihilators of cohomology

Phenotypic plasticity of labile traits in the wild

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 485-505页

作者： jon E. BROMMER Department of Biology University Hill 20014 University of Turku Finland ARONIA Research and Development Institute Novia Applied University and Abo Akademi University Raseborgsvaigen 9 10600 Ekenas Finland

Individual-based studies allow quantification ofphenotypic plasticity in behavioural, life-history and other labile traits The study of phenotypic plasticity in the wild can shed new light on the ultimate objectives （1） whether plasticity itself can evolve or is constrained by its genetic architecture, and （2） whether plasticity is associated to other traits, including fitness （selection）. I describe the main statistical approach for how repeated records of individuals and a description of the environment （E） allow quantification of variation in plasticity across individuals （IxE） and genotypes （GxE） in wild populations. Based on a literature review of life-history and behavioural studies on plasticity in the wild, I discuss the present state of the two objectives listed above. Few studies have quantified GxE of labile traits in wild populations, and it is likely that power to detect statistically sig- nificant GxE is lacking. Apart from the issue of whether it is heritable, plasticity tends to correlate with average trait expression （not fully supported by the few genetic estimates available） and may thus be evolutionary constrained in this way. Individ- ual-specific estimates of plasticity tend to be related to other traits of the individual （including fitness）, but these analyses may be anti-conservative because they predominantly concern stats-on-stats. Despite the increased interest in plasticity in wild popula- tions, the putative lack of power to detect GxE in such populations hinders achieving general insights. I discuss possible steps to invigorate the field by moving away from simply testing for presence of GxE to analyses that ＇scale up＇ to population level proce-sses and by the development of new behavioural theory to identify quantitative genetic parameters which can be estimated

关键词： Individual-level plasticity Life history Animal personality Linear mixed model Animal model Wild population Longitudinal study

Re-visiting supersymmetric Janus solutions: a perturbative construction

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第7期44卷 43-54页

作者： Nakwoo Kim se-Jin Kim Department of Physics and Research Institute of Basic Science Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul 02447Republic of Korea

We construct holographic Janus solutions,which describe a conformal interface in the theory of M2-branes,in four-dimensional gauged supergravities using a perturbative *** particular,we study three Einsteinscalar systems and their BPS equations,which are derived by Bobev,Pilch,and Warner(2014).The actions of our interest are all consistent truncations of D=11 supergravity,chosen to be invariant under SO(4)×SO(4),SU(3)×U(1)×U(1),and G2 symmetry subgroups of SO(8).The utility of our semi-analytic result is illustrated by the calculation of minimal area surface and the associated holographic entanglement entropy.

关键词： holography Janus solutions supergravity entanglement entropy

On the Function of Wall Sculpturing in Xylem Conduits

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第4期6卷 324-329页

作者： Mika M.Kohonen se Helland Department of Physical Sciences University of HullCottingham RoadHU6 7RX UK

The water-conducting network of capillaries in vascular plants has evolved over hundreds of millions of years in order to be able to cope with bubble clogging,a problem which also affects modern microfluidic *** of anatomical studies have revealed that plants growing in habitats in which the formation of bubbles,or emboli,is likely to be a frequent occurrence often have various forms of geometrical sculpturing on the internal surfaces of the xylem *** possible function of such wall sculpturing has long been the subject of *** have investigated the hypothesis that wall sculpturing is a functional adaptation designed to increase the wettability of the walls of xylem conduits,an effect which could be described as the inverse of the well-known *** results show that wall sculpturing does enhance ***,theoretical calculations reveal that the geometric parameters of various types of wall sculpturing are such that the resulting surfaces are sufficiently rough to enhance wettability,but not significantly *** results provide an appealing answer to the long-standing debate on the function of wall sculpturing in xylem conduits,and may provide biomimetic clues for new approaches to the removal of bubbles in microfluidic channels.

关键词： xylem wettability capillary wall sculpturing bubble emboli microfluidic