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Can probiotics benefit children with autism spectrum disorders?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第46期22卷 10093-10102页

作者： fernando Navarro Yuying Liu jon Marc Rhoads Department of Pediatrics Division of Gastroenterology the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Mc Govern Medical School

Children with autism are commonly affected by gastrointestinal problems such as abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of probiotics in this population, as it hypothetically may help to improve bowel habits and the behavioral and social functioning of these individuals. The gut microbiome plays an important role in the pathophysiology of organic as well as functional gastrointestinal disorders. Microbial modification with the use of antibiotics, probiotics, and fecal transplantation have been effective in the treatment of conditions such as recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, pouchitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. The present review presents a number of reported clinical, immunological and microbiomerelated changes seen in children with autism compared to normally developed children. It also discusses gut inflammation, permeability concerns, and absorption abnormalities that may contribute to these problems. Most importantly, it discusses evidence, from human and animal studies, of a potential role of probiotics in the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism.

关键词： Microbiome 胃肠发炎功能的肠疾病 Probiotics 孤独性

Phytochrome-lnteracting Factors （PIFs） as Bridges between Environmental Signals and the Circadian Clock： Diurnal Regulation of Growth and Development

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Molecular Plant 2013年第3期6卷 592-595页

作者： Jieun Shin Muhammad Usman Anwer Seth jon Davis Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research 50829 Cologne Germany Department of Biology University of York York UK

The rotation of the Earth around its axis results in distinct changes in light and temperature during a 24-h day/ night cycle. Plants being sessile are constantly and predictably exposed to these environmental changes. It is therefore critical for them to properly perceive environmental signals in order to effectively manage growth and development.

关键词： Phytochrome-Interacting Factors (PIFs) Regulation

Composite microcapsules with enhanced mechanical stability and reduced active ingredient leakage

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Particuology 2016年第3期14卷 40-46页

作者： Yue Long Kai Song David York Zhibing Zhang jon A. Preecea School of Chemistry University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B 15 2TT UK Laboratory of Bio-lnspired Smart Interface Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Institute of Particle Science & Engineering School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9J UK School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK

A calcium shellac （CS） matrix was used to encapsulate polymeric melamine formaldehyde microcapsules （A） or CaCO3 nanoparticles-stabilized microcapsules （B）, both of which encapsulated an oil-based active ingredient, producing A-CS or B-CS composite microcapsules. The mechanical properties and oil release profiles of the composite microcapsules were evaluated. The composite microcapsules showed enhanced mechanical stability and reduced leakage of the active ingredient hv one order of magnitude.

关键词： Composite Microcapsule Calcium shellac Mechanical property Control release Perfume oil

Diagenetic and geochemical studies of the Buchan Formation (Upper Devonian) in the Central North Sea

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Petroleum Science 2018年第2期15卷 211-229页

作者： Long-Xun Tang jon Gluyas Stuart jones Leon Bowen Department of Earth Sciences Durham University Department of Physics Durham University

The Upper Devonian Buchan Formation reservoirs in the UK Central North Sea are litharenite/sublitharenite and were deposited in fluvial-aeolian settings. The grain-coating clays in the aeolian sandstones have effectively inhibited quartz overgrowth. Hence, the reduction of reservoir quality is mainly due to mechanical compaction and early dolomite pre- cipitation in both fluvial and aeolian sandstones; quartz overgrowth and kaolinite illitization in fluvial sandstones; and limited smectite illitization in aeolian sandstones. The carbon/oxygen stable isotopes of dolomite cements suggest a predominantly marine carbon source and precipitation temperatures between 25 and 58 ~C indicating a shallow burial depth during dolomite precipitation. The temperatures and the dolomite distribution indicate that the cements originated from the overlying Upper Permian Zechstein carbonates. Extensive quartz overgrowths formed at 80 and 120 ~C in the late and deep diagenetic burial history. The most probable silica source was from feldspar kaolinitization and pressure dissolution of quartz grains. Through detailed petrography and geochemical analyses, the burial-paragenesis-thermal history of the Buchan Formation has been constructed. Similar diagenetic processes are likely to have occurred in the Buchan Formation in other parts of the Central and Northern North Sea. This study may allow new petroleum plays to be considered in areas previously thought to have poor hydrocarbon potential.

关键词： Buchan Formation Upper Devonian Central North Sea Sandstone diagenesis Geochemistry methods

QUADRATURE METHODS FOR HIGHLY OSCILLATORY SINGULAR INTEGRALS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2021年第2期39卷 227-260页

作者： Jing Gao Marissa Condon Arieh Iserles Benjamin Gilvey jon Trevelyan School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China School of Electronic Engineering Dublin City UniversityIreland DAMTP Centre for Mathematical SciencesUniversity of CambridgeUK Department of Engineering Durham UniversityUK

We address the evaluation of highly oscillatory integrals,with power-law and logarithmic *** problems arise in numerical methods in ***,the evaluation of oscillatory integrals dominates the run-time for wave-enriched boundary integral formulations for wave scattering,and many of these exhibit *** show that the asymptotic behaviour of the integral depends on the integrand and its derivatives at the singular point of the integrand,the stationary points and the endpoints of the integral.A truncated asymptotic expansion achieves an error that decays faster for increasing *** on the asymptotic analysis,a Filon-type method is constructed to approximate the *** an asymptotic expansion,the Filon method achieves high accuracy for both small and large ***-valued quadrature involves interpolation at the zeros of polynomials orthogonal to a complex weight *** results indicate that the complex-valued Gaussian quadrature achieves the highest accuracy when the three methods are ***,while it achieves higher accuracy for the same number of function evaluations,it requires signi cant additional cost of computation of orthogonal polynomials and their zeros.

关键词： Numerical quadrature Singular highly oscillatory integrals Asymptotic analysis Boundary Element Method Plane wave enrichment Partition of Unity

A Quantitative Approach for Timing the Pedestrian Walk Interval

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第4期12卷 732-743页

作者： Abdullah Jalal Nafakh Darcy Michael Bullock jon Douglas Fricker Purdue University West Lafayette USA

At a typical signalized intersection, the pedestrian phase consists of a walk interval and a change/clearance interval, during which pedestrians are given the right of way. The walk interval is intended to allow pedestrians to exit the curb ramp and enter the crosswalk. The clearance interval will enable them to cross entirely to the other side of the road. Unfortunately, the literature is quite vague on how long the walk interval should be and provides values ranging from 4 to 15 seconds based on qualitative pedestrian demand ranging from Negligible to High. To provide some quantitative guidance for walk interval selection, this paper reports on a study that collected 1,500 pedestrian movement data from 12 signalized intersections with varying pedestrian demand, pedestrian storage areas, and pedestrian push-button locations. The data was used to propose a quantitative model for designers to select the appropriate walk interval. Specifically, this paper seeks to add values to the Traffic Operations Handbook walk-interval guidelines as to how many pedestrians are considered “negligible volume” and can be accommodated by the 4 second minimum time, how many pedestrians are considered “typical volume” and require 7 to 10 seconds, and how many pedestrians are considered “high volume” and require 10 to 15 seconds, or perhaps longer. In addition to examining pedestrian demand, this paper looks at the impact of storage areas and pedestrian push-button location on pedestrian start-up time and, consequently, an appropriate walk interval.

关键词： Pedestrian Start-Up Time Walk Interval Pedestrian Phasing

GIGANTEA Integrates Photoperiodic and Temperature Signals to Time when Growth Occurs

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Molecular Plant 2020年第3期13卷 357-359页

作者： James Ronald Kayla McCarthy Seth jon Davis University of York Department of BiologyHeslingtonYork YO105DDUK Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Circadian clocks synchronize internal physiological responses to occur at the most optimal time of the *** plants,hormone signaling is under the control of this *** has been previously shown that the circadian clock moderates the plant’s sensitivity to gibberellin(GA)by regulating the expression of GA ***,two papers by Nohales and Kay(2019)and Park et al.(2020)revealed that post-translational regulation of DELLA proteins by the circadian clock also contributes to timing when the plant is most sensitive to GA.

关键词： Photoperiod clock translational

Re-Contextualizing Lu Xun＇s Early Thought and Poetics in the Journal Henan

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第3期12卷 388-423页

作者： jon Eugene von KowaUis Chinese Studies Program School of Humanities and Languages The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

In this paper I will re-contextualize Lu Xun＇s early thought, as evidenced in his lengthy classical-style essays, which are concerned with issues in literature, philosophy, politics and aesthetics during an era when China was facing profound cultural changes. Part of their significance lies in the way they provide us with an unabashed glimpse at what Lu Xun set out to accomplish, early on, in his new-found literary career. Although they are mainly the product of his final Lehrjahre （years of study） in Japan, the fact that he chose to include the two longest of them in the very first pages of his important 1926 anthology Fen （The grave） indicates that he considered the views expressed therein neither too immature nor too pass- to reprint at the height of his career as a creative writer. In fact, he wrote that one of his reasons for doing so was that a number of the literary figures and issues treated in these essays had, ironically, taken on an increased relevance for China ＂since the founding of the Republic.＂ The central concern of all the essays turns on questions of cultural crisis and transition. What I propose to do in this paper is to re-examine the essays within the context in which they first appeared, i.e., the expatriate Chinese journal Henan, then published in Tokyo as an unofficial organ of the anti-Manchu Tongmenghui （Revolutionary Alliance）.

关键词： Lu Xun Zhou Zuoren Mara Poetry Henan (Journal) Tongmenghui Lu Xun's early essays Lu Xun's poetics "Wenhua pianzhi lun " "Moluo shi li shuo " "Po e'sheng lun"

Sensor Technology Handbook

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