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Histamine_2-receptor antagonists: Rapid development of tachyphylaxis with repeat dosing

world Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2014年第2期5卷 57-62页

作者： johnson w mcrorie James A Kirby Philip B Miner Quantitative Sciences Procter and GambleMasonOH 45040United States Corporate Pharmacy The Kroger CompanyCincinnatiOH 45246United States Oklahoma Foundation for Digestive Research Oklahoma CityOK 73104United StatesPresident

Histamine_2-receptor antagonists(H_2RAs) are availableover-the-counter (OTC) for the treatment and prevention of heartburn, but more than occasional, singledose use can lead to rapid development of tachyphylaxis. The aim of this review is to assess the publishedevidence regarding the development of tachyphylaxiswith repeat usage of H_2RAs. PubMed and SCOPUS were searched across all years to identify clinical studies thatexamined the development of tachyphylaxis with repeated dosing of H_2RAs. Although a single (first) doseof an H_2RA can be effective for controlling gastric acidand preventing or relieving food-related heartburn, numerous studies confirm that tachyphylaxis, also knownas tolerance, is consistently detected at the first timepoint assessed after the first dose, including the second day and/or second dose. Even if symptom relief isachieved with an H_2RA, it may be due to desensitizationof the esophagus to acid exposure, potentially providingsymptom relief without significantly decreasing esophageal acid exposure. when recommending OTC drugsfor treatment of frequent heartburn, clinicians shouldbe aware of the potential for rapid development oftachyphylaxis in patients who use H_2RAs for 2 or more consecutive days. Even if symptom relief is achieved, it may be due to desensitization of the esophagus to acid by the H_2RA, potentially providing symptom relief without significantly decreasing esophageal acid exposure. Other strategies, such as an OTC proton pump inhibitor, may be needed to optimize management of frequent heartburn.

关键词： Histamine2-receptor antagonist Tachyphylaxis Tolerance Gastric pH

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Osteopontin: a leading candidate adhesion molecule for implantation in pigs and sheep

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 177-190页

作者： Greg A johnson Robert C Burghardt Fuller w Bazer Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

Osteopontin （OPN; also known as Secreted Phosphoprotein 1, SPP1） is a secreted extra-cellular matrix （ECM） protein that binds to a variety of cell surface integrins to stimulate cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion and communication. It is generally accepted that OPN interacts with apically expressed integrin receptors on the uterine luminal epithelium （LE） and conceptus trophectoderm to attach the conceptus to the uterus for implantation. Research conducted with pigs and sheep has significantly advanced understanding of the role（s） of OPN during implantation through exploitation of the prolonged peri-implantation period of pregnancy when elongating conceptuses are free within the uterine lumen requiring extensive paracrine signaling between conceptus and endometrium. This is followed by a protracted and incremental attachment cascade of trophectoderm to uterine LE during implantation, and development of a true epitheliochorial or synepitheliochorial placenta exhibited by pigs and sheep, respectively. In pigs, implanting conceptuses secrete estrogens which induce the synthesis and secretion of OPN in adjacent uterine LE. OPN then binds to αvβ6 integrin receptors on trophectoderm, and the αvβ3 integrin receptors on uterine LE to bridge conceptus attachment to uterine LE for implantation. In sheep, implanting conceptuses secrete interferon tau that prolongs the lifespan of CL. Progesterone released by CL then induces OPN synthesis and secretion from the endometrial GE into the uterine lumen where OPN binds integrins expressed on trophectoderm （αvβ3） and uterine LE （identity of specific integrins unknown） to adhere the conceptus to the uterus for implantation. OPN binding to the αvβ3 integrin receptor on ovine trophectoderm cells induces in vitro focal adhesion assembly, a prerequisite for adhesion and migration of trophectoderm, through activation of： 1） P70S6K via crosstalk between FRAP1/MTOR and MAPK pathways; 2） MTOR, PI3K, MAPK3/MAPK1 （Erk1/2） and MAPK14 （p38） signalin

关键词： Implantation Integrins Psteoponti Pigs Sheep

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Do phytotoxic allelochemicals remain in ashes after burning Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera(boneseed)?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第6期28卷 109-119页

作者： Md.Abdullah Yousuf Al Harun Joshua johnson Randall w.Robinson Institute for Sustainability and Innovation College of Engineering and ScienceVictoria University

Australia is facing challenges in controlling Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera（boneseed）. However, burning has achieved some success in this regard. we aimed to investigate the comparative phytotoxicity of boneseed dried powder and ashes（burnt at 450℃ and250℃）. Phenolic compounds in powder and ashes were measured using Folin–Ciocalteu assay and HPLC. The phytotoxicity of boneseed powder and ash extracts was assessed through germination bioassay on Lactuca sativa and the phytotoxicity of litter and ashes was evaluated using field soil, both in growth chamber. Burning of boneseed reduced total phenolics in ashes of boneseed organs by 99% and 100% both at high and low temperatures. The four phenolic compounds that were detected in boneseed were either absent or at negligible levels in the ashes,with inversely related to temperature. Both boneseed ash extracts and litter ash-mediated soil significantly reduced phytotoxicity displaying increased germination, biometric and biochemical parameters of test species compared with unburnt powder extracts and litter powder-mediated soil respectively, with greater reduction of phytotoxicity found for ashes produced at the lower temperature. Interestingly, the ash extracts and litter ash-mediated soil were found to stimulate some of those parameters of the test species compared to control. There was no excessive reactive oxygen species（ROS） produced in test species exposed to ash extracts compared with unburnt powder extracts. These findings suggest that burning of boneseed is an appropriate method of weed control and that this approach will reduce phytotoxicity of this species on native plants.

关键词： Boneseed Burning Phenolic compounds HPLC Phytotoxicity ROS

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Integrins and their potential roles in mammalian pregnancy

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： Gregory A.johnson Robert C.Burghardt Fuller w.Bazer Heewon Seo Joe w.Cain Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑4459USA Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑2471USA

Integrins are a highly complex family of receptors that, when expressed on the surface of cells, can mediate reciprocal cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix(ECM) interactions leading to assembly of integrin adhesion complexes(IACs) that initiate many signaling functions both at the membrane and deeper within the cytoplasm to coordinate processes including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. All metazoan organisms possess integrins, and it is generally agreed that integrins were associated with the evolution of multicellularity, being essential for the association of cells with their neighbors and surroundings, during embryonic development and many aspects of cellular and molecular biology. Integrins have important roles in many aspects of embryonic development, normal physiology, and disease processes with a multitude of functions discovered and elucidated for integrins that directly influence many areas of biology and medicine, including mammalian pregnancy, in particular implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, subsequent placentation and conceptus(embryo/fetus and associated placental membranes) development. This review provides a succinct overview of integrin structure, ligand binding, and signaling followed with a concise overview of embryonic development, implantation, and early placentation in pigs, sheep, humans, and mice as an example for rodents. A brief timeline of the initial localization of integrin subunits to the uterine luminal epithelium(LE) and conceptus trophoblast is then presented, followed by sequential summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs, sheep, humans, and rodents. As appropriate for this journal, summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs and sheep are in depth, whereas summaries for humans and rodents are brief. Because similar models to those illustrated in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are present throughout the sc

关键词： Humans Implantation Integrins Pigs Pregnancy Rodents Sheep

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Rapid, continuous projection multi-photon 3D printing enabled by spatiotemporal focusing of femtosecond pulses

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第10期10卷 1987-1997页

作者： Paul Somers Zihao Liang Jason E.johnson Bryan w.Boudouris Liang Pan Xianfan Xu School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Charles D.Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Chemistry Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA

There is demand for scaling up 3D printing throughput,especially for the multi-photon 3D printing process that provides sub-micrometer structuring capabilities required in diverse *** this work,high-speed projection multiphoton printing is combined with spatiotemporal focusing for fabrication of 3D structures in a rapid,layer-by-layer,and continuous *** focusing confines printing to thin layers,thereby achieving print thicknesses on the micron and sub-micron *** projection of dynamically varying patterns with no pause between patterns,a continuous fabrication process is established.A numerical model for computing spatiotemporal focusing and imaging is also presented which is verified by optical imaging and printing *** 3D structures with smooth features are fabricated,with millimeter scale printing realized at a rate above 10−3 mm3 s−*** method is further scalable,indicating its potential to make fabrications of 3D structures with micro/nanoscale features in a practical time scale a reality.

关键词： projection continuous thereby

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The effects of temperature on decomposition and allelopathic phytotoxicity of boneseed litter

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 1-11页

作者： Md.Abdullah Yousuf Al Harun Joshua johnson Md.Nazim Uddin Randall w.Robinson Institute for Sustainability and Innovation College of Engineering and Science Victoria UniversityMelbourne

Decomposition of plant litter is a fundamental process in ecosystem function, carbon and nutrient cycling and, by extension, climate change. This study aimed to investigate the role of temperature on the decomposition of water soluble phenolics（wSP）, carbon and soil nutrients in conjunction with the phytotoxicity dynamics of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera（boneseed） litter. Treatments consisted of three factors including decomposition materials（litter alone, litter with soil and soil alone）, decomposition periods and temperatures（5-15, 15-25and 25-35°C（night/day））. Leachates were collected on 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 th days to analyse physico-chemical parameters and phytotoxicity. water soluble phenolics and dissolved organic carbon（DOC） increased with increasing temperature while nutrients like SO-24 and NO-13 decreased. Speed of germination, hypocotyl and radical length and weight of Lactuca sativa exposed to leachates were decreased with increasing decomposition temperature. All treatment components had significant effects on these parameters. There had a strong correlation between DOC and wSP, and wSP content of the leachates with radical length of test species. This study identified complex interactivity among temperature, wSP, DOC and soil nutrient dynamics of litter occupied soil and that these factors work together to influence phytotoxicity.

关键词： Temperature Boneseed Phenolics DOC Nutrient cycling Phytotoxicity

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Full noncontact laser ultrasound:first human data

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 11-21页

作者： Xiang Zhang Jonathan R.Fincke Charles M.wynn Matt R.johnson Robert w.Haupt Brian w.Anthony Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Ave.CambridgeMA 02139USA Institute for Medical Engineering&Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology45 Carleton St.CambridgeMA 02142USA Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology244 Wood StreetLexingtonMA 02421USA

Full noncontact laser ultrasound(LUS)imaging has several distinct advantages over current medical ultrasound(US)technologies:elimination of the coupling mediums(gel/water),operator-independent image quality,improved repeatability,and volumetric *** light-based ultrasound utilizing tissue-penetrating photoacoustics(PA)generally uses traditional piezoelectric transducers in contact with the imaged tissue or carries an optical fiber detector close to the imaging *** PA,the LUS design presented here minimizes the optical penetration and specifically restricts optical-to-acoustic energy transduction at the tissue surface,maximizing the generated acoustic source *** an appropriate optical design and interferometry,any exposed tissue surfaces can become viable acoustic sources and *** operates analogously to conventional ultrasound but uses light instead of piezoelectric ***,we present full noncontact LUS results,imaging targets at~5 cm depths and at a meterscale standoff from the target *** results demonstrating volumetric imaging and the first LUS images on humans are presented,all at eye-and skin-safe optical exposure *** progression of LUS imaging from tissue-mimicking phantoms,to excised animal tissue,to humans in vivo is shown,with validation from conventional ultrasound *** LUS system design insights and results presented here inspire further LUS development and are a significant step toward the clinical implementation of LUS.

关键词： laser piezoelectric image

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The relationship between intimate partner violence and HIV:A model-based evaluation

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第1期2卷 71-89页

作者： Simon w.Rigby Leigh F.johnson Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

Background:Many studies have shown that women who have experienced intimate partner violence(IPV)are at a greater risk of HIV,but the factors accounting for this association are unclear,and trials of interventions to reduce IPV have not consistently reduced HIV ***:This study uses an agent-based model,calibrated to South African data sources,to evaluate hypotheses about likely causal pathways linking IPV,HIV,and other confounding *** about associations between IPV and HIV risk behaviours were based on reviews of international ***:There is an association between past IPV experience and HIV incidence even when no causal effects are assumed(IRR 1.28,95%CI 1.23e1.34),because women with a propensity for multiple partners are more likely to have ever been in a relationship with a violent ***,in addition,men with a propensity for concurrent relationships are more likely to perpetrate IPV,the IRR increases to 1.42(95%CI 1.36e1.48),consistent with empirical IRR *** scenarios in which experience of IPV is assumed to cause changes in women's sexual behaviour have little effect on the *** intervention that reduces IPV by 50%could be expected to reduce HIV incidence by at most 1.3%.Interpretation:Much of the observed association between IPV and HIV is likely to be due to confounding behavioural *** interventions to reduce IPV are important,these interventions alone are unlikely to have a substantial impact on HIV incidence.

关键词： Epidemiology Gender HIV Modelling Violence

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Biodiversity and interactions of acidophiles:Key to understanding and optimizing microbial processing of ores and concentrates

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2008年第6期18卷 1367-1373页

作者： D.B.johnson School of Biological Sciences Bangor University

采矿公司为从低档矿石恢复贱、宝贵的金属，并且为重新调停变得逐渐地知道 microbiological 途径的潜力从操作和放弃的矿地点排干的酸的、充满金属的废水。生物系统出现很多环境并且(有时) 超越常规途径的节俭的优点尽管他们的申请是，... 详细信息

采矿公司为从低档矿石恢复贱、宝贵的金属，并且为重新调停变得逐渐地知道 microbiological 途径的潜力从操作和放弃的矿地点排干的酸的、充满金属的废水。生物系统出现很多环境并且(有时) 超越常规途径的节俭的优点尽管他们的申请是，例如热冶学，别处于每种状况拨出。矿物质用微生物处理为提取黄金，铜，铀和钴被利用了，并且当前的开发正在指向另外的贱金属。最近，我们 biomining 环境，并且微生物怎么与对方一起交往的微生物学的差异的知识和理解有大增加。从模仿了搅动的坦克和堆生物反应器系统的实验室实验的结果证明了微生物引起的协会比氧化矿物质的 acidophiles 的纯文化更柔韧，并且也趋于在 bioleaching 和氧化简历的矿石更有效并且专注。纸论述了性质的简明评论和涉及硫化物矿物质的氧化的微生物引起的协会的相互作用，并且这些怎么可能被改编在 biomining 操作遇见未来挑战。

关键词：嗜酸细胞生物采矿生物多样性微生物加工

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Experimental Modelling of Transverse Oscillations in Aquaculture Netting Parallel to the Flow – Sounds Baffling

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China Ocean Engineering 2015年第3期29卷 391-400页

作者： Andrew johnson Cheslav BALASH National Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics Australian Maritime CollegeUniversity of Tasmania Launceston

Numerous studies have been undertaken to improve the viability, durability and suitability of materials and methods used for aquaculture enclosures. while many of the previous studies considered macro-deformation of nets, there is a paucity of information on netting micro-deformation. when aquaculture pens are towed, industry operators have observed the motion described as ＂baffling＂ – the transverse oscillation of the net planes parallel and near parallel to the flow. The difficulty to observe and assess baffling motion in a controlled experimental environment is to sufficiently reproduce netting boundary conditions and the flow environment experienced at sea. The focus of the present study was to develop and assess experimental methods for visualisation and quantification of these transverse oscillations. Four netrig configurations with varied boundary conditions and model-netting properties were tested in a flume tank. while the Reynolds number was not equivalent to full-scale, usage of the pliable and fine mesh model netting that enabled baffling to develop at low flow velocities was deemed to be of a larger relevance to this initial study. Baffling was observed in the testing frame that constrained the net sheet on the leading edge, similarly to a flag attachment onto a pole. Baffling motion increased the hydrodynamic drag of the net by 35%–58% when compared to the previously developed formula for taut net sheets aligned parallel to the flow. Furthermore, it was found that the drag due to baffling decreased with the increasing velocity over the studied Reynolds numbers（below 200）; and the drag coefficient was non-linear for Reynolds numbers below 120. It is hypothesised that baffling motion is initially propagated by vortex shedding of the netting twine which causes the netting to oscillate; there after the restoring force causes unstable pressure differences on each side of the netting which excites the amplitude of the netting oscillations.

关键词： aquaculture pen baffling model net testing netting drag netting micro-deformation

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