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Machine learning models compared to existing criteria for noninvasive prediction of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-confirmed choledocholithiasis

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Liver Research 2021年第4期5卷 224-231页

作者： Camellia Dalai john M Azizian Harry Trieu Anand Rajan Formosa C Chen Tien Dong simon W Beaven James H.Tabibian UCLA-Olive View Internal Medicine Residency Program Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCAUSA Keck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCAUSA

Background and aims:Noninvasive predictors of choledocholithiasis have generally exhibited marginal performance *** aimed to identify noninvasive independent predictors of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)-confirmed choledocholithiasis and accordingly developed predictive machine learning models(MLMs).Methods:Clinical data of consecutive patients undergoing first-ever ERCP for suspected chol-edocholithiasis from 2015 to 2019 were abstracted from a prospectively-maintained *** logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ERCP-confirmed *** were then trained to predict ERCP-confirmed choledocholithiasis using pre-ERCP ultrasound(US)imaging only as well as using all available noninvasive imaging(US,computed tomography,and/or magnetic reso-nance cholangiopancreatography).The diagnostic performance of American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(ASGE)“high-likelihood”criteria was compared to ***:We identified 270 patients(mean age 46 years,62.2%female,73.7%Hispanic/Latino,59%with noninvasive imaging positive for choledocholithiasis)with native papilla who underwent ERCP for suspected choledocholithiasis,of whom 230(85.2%)were found to have ERCP-confirmed *** regression identified choledocholithiasis on noninvasive imaging(odds ratio(OR)¼3.045,P¼0.004)and common bile duct(CBD)diameter on noninvasive imaging(OR¼1.157,P¼0.011)as predictors of ERCP-confirmed *** the various MLMs trained,the random forest-based MLM performed best;sensitivity was 61.4%and 77.3%and specificity was 100%and 75.0%,using US-only and using all available imaging,*** high-likelihood criteria demonstrated sensitivity of 90.9%and specificity of 25.0%;using cut-points achieving this specificity,MLMs achieved sensitivity up to 97.7%.Conclusions:MLMs using age,sex,race/ethnicity,presence of diabetes,fever,body mass index(BMI),total bilirubin,maximum CBD di

关键词： Machine learning models(MLMs) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) Noninvasive imaging Bile duct disorders Common bile duct stones Gallstones

Rates and impact of hepatitis on human immunodeficiency virus infection in a large African cohort

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第10期19卷 1602-1610页

作者： Nimzing Gwamzhi Ladep Patricia Aladi Agaba Oche Agbaji Auwal Muazu Placid Ugoagwu Godwin Imade Graham Cooke Sheena McCormack simon David Taylor-Robinson john Idoko Phyllis Kanki Section of Hepatology Department of MedicineImperial College LondonSt Mary's Hospital CampusLondon W2 1NYUnited Kingdom AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria Jos University Teaching HospitalJos 930001Nigeria MRC Clinical Trials Unit LondonLondon NW1 2DAUnited Kingdom National Agency for the Control of AIDS Central Business DistrictAbuja 905001Nigeria Immunology and Infectious Diseases Harvard School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115-5810United States

AIM:To determine the rates and impact of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) infections on response to long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) in a large human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) population in ***:HBV and HCV as well as HIV infections are endemic in sub Saharan *** was a retrospective cohort study of 19 408 adults who were recruited between June 2004 and December 2010 in the AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria in Nigeria programme at Jos University Teaching *** assays,including HBV surface antigen(HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody were used to categorise hepatitis status of the *** was determined using enzyme immunoassay(EIA)(Monolisa HBsAg Ultra3;Bio-Rad).HCV antibody was tested using third generation EIA(*** Diagnostic,Bioprobes srl,Milan,Italy).HIV RNA levels were measured using Roche COBAS Amplicor HIV-1 monitor test version 1.5(Roche Diagnostics,GmbH,Mannheim,Germany) with a detection limit of 400 copies/*** cytometry was used to determine CD4+ cell count(Partec,GmbH Munster,Germany).Comparison of categorical and continuous variables were achieved using Pearson's χ 2 and Kruskal Wallis tests respectively,on MedCalc for Windows,version 9.***.0.0(MedCalc Software,Mariakerke,Belgium).RESULTS:With an overall hepatitis screening rate of over 90% for each virus;HBV,HCV and HBV/HCV were detected in 3162(17.8%),1983(11.3%) and 453(2.5%) HIV infected adults *** rate of liver disease was low,but highest among HIV monoinfected patients(29,0.11%),followed by HBV coinfected patients(15,0.08%).Patients with HBV coinfection and triple infection had higher log 10 HIV RNA loads(HBV:4.6 copies/mL vs HIV only:4.5 copies/mL,P<0.0001) and more severe immune suppression(HBV:645,55.4%;HBV/HCV:97,56.7%) prior to initiation of HAART compared to HIV mono-infected patients(1852,48.6%)(P<0.0001).Of 3025 patients who were 4.4 years on HAART and whose CD4 cell counts results at baseline a

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Africa Liver disease

Barriers to the Growth of Small and Medium Scale Construction Enterprises in Ghana

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2022年第1期12卷 38-55页

作者： simon Ofori Ametepey Emmanuel Yaw Frempong Jnr john Edward Cobbina Department of Building Technology Koforidua Technical University Koforidua Ghana

The construction industry in most developing economies is dominated heavily by small and medium scale enterprises. These construction enterprises need to thrive in an extremely competitive business environment. Conversely, most of these small and medium scale construction enterprises (SMSCE) are fraught with a plethora of barriers that inhibit and threaten their growth and survival. This research sought to evaluate the critical barriers that affect the growth of SMSCEs in the Ghanaian Construction Industry. The quantitative research method was adopted using a structured questionnaire with variables that were identified through a comprehensive literature review. The survey questionnaire was administered to 400 respondents comprising 250 SMSCEs, 100 Local Authority Engineers, and 50 Consultants to elicit data based on the identified variables. The major findings established by the study as barriers to the growth of SMSCEs in Ghana are largely structured as financial/fiscal barriers, business development barriers, technical/technological barriers, corruption barriers, knowledge management barriers, project acquisition barriers. A guiding framework should be developed based on the barriers identified to aid the growth and survival of SMSCEs in Ghana.

关键词： Barriers Business Growth Business Survival Developing Countries Small and Medium Scale Enterprise SME

Isolation of Six Microorganisms from Rotten <i>Dioscorea alata </i>(Water Yam), and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test with Nine Plant Extracts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第15期6卷 1381-1394页

作者： john Owoicho Onuh Dooshima Shiriki simon Terver Ubwa Tseaa Shambe Department of Chemistry Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria

Six microorganisms: four fungi—Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifera, Penicillium marneffei, two bacteria—Erwinia carotovora and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated and identified from three rotten Dioscorea alata (water yam) varieties from two sites each in two local government areas of Benue State, Nigeria, in West Africa, between the months of May 2014 and May 2015. Pathogenicity test carried out using the microorganisms confirmed them to be the pathological agents of the rot. Antimicrobial activity test with aqueous extracts of nine plants: Terminalia catapa, Passiflora edulis, Daniella oliveri, Ceiba pentandra, Jatropha tanjorensis, Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Moringa oleifera, and Mangifera indica of fresh and dry material showed that three pathogens, Rhizopus stolonifera (fungi), Erwinia carotovora and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacteria) isolated were completely inhibited each by a plant. The result obtained shows that Passiflora edulis had the best antimicrobial activity for both fungi and bacteria;indeed it inhibited completely Rhizopus stolonifera which was stubborn with most of the other plants. Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Moringa oleifera, and Mangifera indica were also able to inhibit most of the fungi but not completely. Terminalia catapa and Jatropha tanjorensis were most effective against the bacteria. Erwinia carotovora was completely inhibited by Terminalia catapa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was completely inhibited by Jatropha tanjorensis. Daniella oliveri and Ceiba pentandra had the least inhibition against the isolates. Generally, the fresh plant extract shows more activity as compared to the dry plant extract.

关键词： Bacteria Fungi Inhibition Plant Extracts Yam Rot

Ileal-anal pouches: A review of its history, indications, and complications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第31期25卷 4320-4342页

作者： Kheng-Seong Ng simon Joseph Gonsalves Peter Michael Sagar john Goligher Colorectal Unit St.James’s University HospitalLeeds LS9 7TFUnited Kingdom Institute of Academic Surgery University of SydneyCamperdownNew South Wales 2050Australia Department of Colorectal Surgery Huddersfield Royal InfirmaryCalderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation TrustHuddersfield HD3 3EAUnited Kingdom

The ileal pouch anal anastomosis(IPAA)has revolutionised the surgical management of ulcerative colitis(UC)and familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP).Despite refinement in surgical technique(s)and patient selection,IPAA can be associated with significant *** the IPAA celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2018,this review provides a timely outline of its history,indications,and *** has undergone significant modification since *** both UC and FAP,IPAA surgery aims to definitively cure disease and prevent malignant degeneration,while providing adequate continence and avoiding a permanent *** majority of patients experience long-term success,but“early”and“late”complications are *** sepsis is a common early complication with far-reaching consequences of long-term pouch dysfunction,but prompt intervention(either radiological or surgical)reduces the risk of pouch *** in the absence of sepsis,pouch dysfunction is a longterm complication that may have a myriad of *** is a common cause that remains incompletely understood and difficult to manage at times.10%of patients succumb to the diagnosis of pouch failure,which is traditionally associated with the need for pouch *** review provides a timely outline of the history,indications,and complications associated with *** selection remains key,and contraindications exist for this surgery.A structured management plan is vital to the successful management of complications following pouch surgery.

关键词： Ileal pouch Restorative proctocolectomy Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Familial adenomatous polyposis

20世纪90年代中国国有企业改革对城镇劳动力市场的影响

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世界经济 2009年第4期32卷 50-68页

作者：夏庆杰宋丽娜 john Knight simon Appleton 北京大学经济学院 100871 英国诺丁汉大学社会学与社会政策学英国牛津大学经济学系英国诺丁汉大学经济学院

本文试图用2000年中国6省13市5300个家庭的入户调查数据来分析和总结上世纪90年代中后期,中国国有企业大幅裁员政策对城镇劳动力市场的影响。在考察未下岗城镇职工、下岗城镇职工和进城农民工等三个群体的工资形成过程之后,我们用Probi... 详细信息

本文试图用2000年中国6省13市5300个家庭的入户调查数据来分析和总结上世纪90年代中后期,中国国有企业大幅裁员政策对城镇劳动力市场的影响。在考察未下岗城镇职工、下岗城镇职工和进城农民工等三个群体的工资形成过程之后,我们用Probit模型和半参数模型分别考察了下岗的决定因素以及城镇职工失业持续时间的决定因素。我们发现:城镇劳动力市场对进城农民工的传统歧视和偏见已经大为减少,但是城镇下岗职工却不得不参与日趋激烈的劳动力市场竞争。到数据调查结束时,绝大部分下岗职工依然处于失业状态;少数已经再就业的职工工资也很低,他们的生产特征没有得到相应的回报。至少就短期而言,下岗职工还得受到市场信息不对称和有限就业机会的制约。

关键词：中国劳动力市场下岗再就业工资

Evidence for the involvement of NOD2 in regulating colonic epithelial cell growth and survival

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第38期14卷 5834-5841页

作者： Sheena M Cruickshank Louise Wakenshaw john Cardone Peter D Howdle Peter J Murray simon R Carding Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom The Institute of Food Research Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UA United Kingdom Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Section of Medicine Surgery & Anaesthesia Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Department of Infectious Diseases St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 United States

AIM: To investigate the function of NOD2 in colonic epithelial cells (CEC). METHODS: A combination of in vivo and in vitro analyses of epithelial cell turnover in the presence and absence of a functional NOD2 protein and, in response to enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection, were used. shRNA interference was also used to investigate the consequences of knocking down NOD2 gene expression on the growth and survival of colorectal carcinoma cell lines. RESULTS:In the colonic mucosa the highest levels of NOD2 expression were in proliferating crypt epithelial cells. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), that is recognized by NOD2, promoted CEC growth in vitro . By contrast,the growth of NOD2-deficient CECs was impaired. In vivo CEC proliferation was also reduced and apoptosis increased in Nod2-/- mice, which were also evident following enteric Salmonella infection. Furthermore, neutralization of NOD2 mRNA expression in human colonic carcinoma cells by shRNA interference resulted in decreased survival due to increased levels of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the involvement of NOD2 protein in promoting CEC growth and survival. Defects in proliferation by CECs in cases of CD may contribute to the underlying pathology of disrupted intestinal homeostasis and excessive inflammation.

关键词： Colon Epithelial cells NOD2 Growth

Calibrating volume measurements made using the dual-field conductance catheter

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2009年第7期2卷 484-490页

作者： simon P. McGuirk David Barron Dan Ewert john H. Coote 不详

The conductance catheter technique allows real- time measurements of ventricular volume based on changes in the electrical conductance of blood within the ventricular cavity. Conductance volume measurements are corrected with a calibration coefficient, α, in order to improve accuracy. However, conductance volume measurements are also affected by parallel conductance, which may confound cali-bration coefficient estimation. This study was un-dertaken to examine the variation in α using a physical model of the left ventricle without parallel conductance. Calibration coefficients were calculated as the conductance-volume quotient (αV(t)) or the stroke conductance-stroke volume quotient (αSV). Both calibration coefficients varied as a non-linear function of the ventricular volume. Conductance volume measurements calibrated with αV(t) estimated ventricular volume to within 2.0 ±6.9%. By contrast, calibration with αSV substantially over-estimated the ventricular volume in a volume-dependent manner, increasing from 26 ±20% at 100ml to 106 ±36% at 500ml. The accuracy of conductance volume measurements is affected by the choice of calibration coefficient. Using a fixed or constant calibration coeffi-cient will result in volume measurement errors. The conductance-stroke volume quotient is associated with particularly significant and volume-dependent measurement errors. For this reason, conductance volume measurements should ideally be calibrated with an alternative measurement of ventricular vol-ume.

关键词： Conductance Catheter Calibration Volume Measurement

Effect of Spices on Consumer Acceptability of Purple Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>)

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 703-711页

作者： simon O. Ochanda john K. Wanyoko Henrik K. Ruto Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Tea Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Spices have been used by consumers worldwide to improve flavours of food including tea. A study was done to determine the effect of selected spices on consumer acceptability of spiced purple tea, their antioxidant properties and economic impact. TRFK 306 (purple tea Variety) was used. Flavored teas were developed by blending the un-aerated purple tea with selected spices including ginger, lemon grass, nutmeg, cinnamon, tea masala (spice mix), and rosemary at different ratios and resulting products brewed and assessed by a sensory panel. Antioxidant activity, catechin analysis and sensory evaluation were done and results showed that all the spices had low antioxidant activities as compared to un-aerated tea from TRFK 306. Cinnamon had an antioxidant capacity of 89.89%, ginger 69.23%, rosemary 89.47%, tea masala 55.79%, nutmeg 46.99% and Purple tea (TRFK 306) 92.53%. Spices had a positive effect on consumer acceptability of purple tea at various threshold ranges. The three best rated spices included cinnamon at 10%, lemongrass at 10% and nutmeg at 25% with mean values of 6.88, 6.24 and 6.92 respectively on a hedonic scale. The results showed that some spices are preferred more with tea than others and some have lower threshold detection values than others. Overall, addition of suitable spices to the purple tea led to an increase acceptability of tea. Economic evaluation of purple tea blended with nutmeg showed a significant increase in cost, from Ksh 56.00, Ksh 58.07 and Ksh 61.17 for 0%, 10% and 25% spice to tea ratio respectively.

关键词： Spices Purple Tea Sensory Evaluation Antioxidant Capacity Pricing