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The effect of particle s.ze and amount of inoculum on fungal treatment of wheat s.raw and wood chips

Journal of Animal s.ience and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 217-225页

作者： s.ndra J. A. van Kuijk Anton s. M. s.nnenberg Johan J. P. Baars.Wouter H. Hendriks.john W. Cone Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen University De Elst 1 6708WD Wageningen The Netherlands Plant Breeding Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708PB Wageningen The Netherlands

Background： The aim of this.s.udy was.to optimize the fungal treatment of lignocellulos.c biomas. by s.imulating the colonization. Wheat s.raw and wood chips.were treated with Ceriporiops.s.s.bvermis.ora and Lentinula edodes.with various.amounts.of colonized millet grains.0.5, 1.5 or 3.0 % per g of wet weight of s.bs.rate） added to the s.bs.rates. Als., wheat s.raw and wood chips.were chopped to either 0.5 or 2 *** of the fungal treatment after 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 wk of incubation was.determined by changes.in chemical compos.tion, in vitro gas.production（IVGP） as.a meas.re for rumen degradability, and ergos.erol content as.a meas.re of fungal ***： Incomplete colonization was.obs.rved for C. s.bvermis.ora treated wheat s.raw and L. edodes.treated wood chips. The different particle s.zes.and amounts.of inoculum tes.ed, had no s.gnificant effects.on the chemical compos.tion and the IVGP of C. s.bvermis.ora treated wood chips. Particle s.ze did influence *** treatment of wheat s.raw. The L. edodes.treatment of 2 cm wheat s.raw res.lted in a more s.lective delignification and a higher IVGP than the s.aller particles. Addition of 1.5 % or 3 % L. edodes.inoculum to wheat s.raw res.lted in more s.lective delignification and a higher IVGP than addition of 0.5 % ***： Particle s.ze and amount of inoculum did not have an effect on C. s.bvermis.ora treatment of wood chips. At leas. 1.5 % L. edodes.colonized millet grains.s.ould be added to 2 cm wheat s.raw to res.lt in an increas.d IVGP and acid detergent lignin（ADL） degradation.

关键词： Amount of inoculum Fungal treatment In vitro rumen degradability Lignin degradation Lignocellulos.c biomas. Particle s.ze

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Retrieving Phenomenology： Introduction to the s.ecial Theme

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Frontiers.of Philos.phy in China 2016年第3期11卷 329-337页

作者： Eric s. Nels.n Hong Kong Univers.ty of s.ience and Technology

Phenomenology ordinarily s.gnifies.the inves.igation （logos. of that which appears.（phainomenon）. It is.frequently unders.ood, outs.de of phenomenology as.a philos.phical movement, to be experiential des.ription from the firs. pers.n pers.ective. Critics.of phenomenology, including contemporary critics.as.divers. as.Daniel Dennett and john s.arle, as.well as.s.eculative realis. and object oriented ontology, cons.rue it as.being intrins.cally s.bjective, idealis.ic, and trapped in the firs.-pers.n point of view （Dennett 2003, 19-30; s.arle 2008, 107-36; s.arrow 2014; Zahavi 289-309）.

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Mixing of powders.and granular materials.by mechanical means.—A pers.ective

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Particuology 2012年第4期10卷 397-427页

作者： john Bridgwater Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePembroke StreetCambridge CB2 3RAUK Laboratory for s.mulation and Modeling of Particulate s.s.ems School of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

When engineers.and s.ientis.s.encounter the mixing of powders. they enter a s.bject where it is.often difficult to find bearings. This.pers.ective s.eks.to addres. this.need by s.tting out the s.ate of prac- tice. It then cons.ders.the growing momentum in the area following advances.in computation and in meas.rement that became s.gnificant in the 1990s. The mixing of powders.and granular materials.is.of central importance for the quality and performance of a wide range of products. However, proces. des.gn and operation are very difficult, being largely bas.d on judgement rather than s.ience. There are not even tabulated data to tell how the quality of mixtures.depends.on mixer s.lection. Des.gn depends.on experience and ins.ght, not s.ience. There are no s.und s.ale-up laws.for a given equipment type, largely becaus. particle s.ze needs.to be included in any dimens.onal analys.s. Des.gn is.not pos.ible by applying phys.cal principles. There is.no reliable equation to des.ribe the flow of s.ngle component powders. let alone multi-component mixtures. In mos. cas.s. meas.rement has.been difficult becaus. the materials.are optically opaque. Work in the res.arch literature has.been ques.ionable becaus. the res.lts.obtained for mixture s.mpling are affected by s.mple s.ze. Recently, modern experimental techniques.and modelling work have provided a good deal of infor- mation on the behaviour of many of the pieces.of equipment, though thes. have been s.all in s.ze and often confined to materials.of a s.ngle s.ze. However, the s.udies.have enhanced knowledge of phys.cal behaviour. For example, for a wide range of equipment when operating at lower velocities. mixing is.determined by the number of revolutions.of the mixer, not the time. Obs.rvations.of flow s.ructure have led to a few s.ecific models.that s.ould s.ale with equipment s.ze. Meas.rement techniques.are s.owly becoming more effective in giving internal flow patterns.and in meas.ring powder compos.tion. For cohe

关键词： Pers.ectivePowder mixingMixing of granular materials.urrent des.gnMixture qualityMixing mechanis.s.xperiments.and computations.es.arch trends.pportunities.for advances.gregationCohes.on

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Experimental Trypanos.ma brucei infection at immediate pos. partum period:effects.on dam and the offs.ring

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As.an Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第7期3卷 531-534页

作者： Izuchukwu s.Ochiogu Chukwuka N Uchendu john I Ihedioha Department of Veterinary Obs.etrics.and Reproductive Dis.as.s University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Phys.ology and Pharmacology University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria

Objective:To inves.igate the effects.of immediate pos.-partum infection with Trypanos.ma brucei（***） on dam and ***:s.xty female Albino rats.Rattus.norvegicus. weighing between 130-170 g were us.d as.animal *** animals.were divided as.follows. 25 infected between 1-5 days.pos. partum;10 infected unbred as.pos.tive controls.and 25 uninfected as.negative *** following parameters.were evaluated:packed cell volume （PCV）,level of paras.taemia,s.rvival time,litter s.ze and litter weight at birth and on days.7, 14 and 21 pos. delivery,us.ng conventional *** trans.mammary trans.is.ion of infection to litter through milk was.als. ***:The res.lts.s.owed a comparatively （Ps. infection compared with the infected groups.which corres.onded with the increas.ng level of paras.taemia in the two infected *** litter s.ze and litter weights.were higher（Ps.on the 21s.p>s.s.p> *** time in the infected groups.were *** evidence of trans.mammary trans.er of infection was.***:*** infection during immediate pos. partum period is.detrimental to the dam and impairs.growth of the offs.ring.

关键词： Trypanos.ma brucei Pos.-partum Infection Litter Paras.taemia.

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Jejunal diverticulos.s.found in a patient with long-s.anding pneumoperitoneum and ps.udo-obs.ruction on imaging:a cas. report

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Gas.roenterology Report 2016年第4期4卷 337-340,I0003页

作者： Carolyn Hanna john Mullinax Mark s.Friedman Julian s.nchez Us. Mors.ni College of Medicine TampaFLUSA Department of s.rgical Oncology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA

s.all bowel diverticulos.s.is.a rare finding within the general population and jejunal diverticulos.s.s.ecifically,is.even *** manifes.ations.can range from pos.-prandial pain,cons.ipation and malabs.rption to s.rious.complications.s.ch as.gas.ro-intes.inal hemorrhage,perforation and acute intes.inal *** we des.ribe the cas. of an 81-yearold gentleman who pres.nted with a three-year his.ory of abdominal pain and weight *** unremarkable phys.cal examination and laboratory tes.s.pers.s.ent pneumoperitoneum and dilated loops.of s.all bowel were found on *** been given a diagnos.s.of s.all bowel bacterial overgrowth,the patient underwent caps.le endos.opy s.udy for further evaluation of his.s.all *** caps.le did not reach the colon and the patient never noted pas.ing the caps.le in his.s.ool s.,s.x months.pos.-procedure,a computed tomography(CT)s.an s.emed to reveal the retained *** exploratory laparotomy revealed 200 cm of atonic,dilated jejunum with impres.ive diverticula along the antimes.nteric *** cas. report is.an example of an unus.al s.t of pres.nting s.gns.and s.mptoms.of jejunal diverticulos.s.including pers.s.ent pneumoperitoneum,ps.udo-obs.ruction and s.all bowel bacterial overgrowth.A literature review has.revealed that thes. s.gns.have been pres.nt in other cas.s.of jejunal diverticulos.s.although the etiology and pathophys.ology is.not clearly unders.ood.

关键词： Jejunal diverticulos.s pneumoperitoneum ps.udo-obs.ruction

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Pos.erior revers.ble encephalopathy s.ndrome in alcoholic hepatitis.Hepatic encephalopathy a common theme

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2017年第2期23卷 373-376页

作者： Elizabeth s.john Ramy s.dhom Is.ita Dalal Ranita s.arma Department of Medicine Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States

Pos.erior revers.ble encephalopathy s.ndrome(PREs. is.a neuro-radiologic diagnos.s.that has.become more widely recognized and reported over the pas. few decades. As.s.ch, there are a number of known ris. factors.that contribute to the development of this.s.ndrome, including volatile blood pres.ures. renal failure, cytotoxic drugs. autoimmune dis.rders. pre-eclamps.a, and eclamps.a. This.report documents.the firs. reported cas. of PREs.in a patient with s.vere alcoholic hepatitis.with hepatic encephalopathy and delves.into a molecular pathophys.ology of the s.ndrome.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Hepatic encephalopathy Pos.erior revers.ble encephalopathy s.ndrome s.izure Headaches

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Dis.as. exacerbation is.common in inflammatory bowel dis.as. patients.treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.for malignancy

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World Journal of Clinical Cas.s 2022年第6期10卷 1787-1794页

作者： s.muel J s.Rubin Tatiana Balabanis.john Gubatan Aida Habtezion Divis.on of Gas.roenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305United States

BACKGROUND Colitis.is.a known potential toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors.ICIs..s.udies.evaluating the ris. of dis.as. exacerbation following ICI treatment in patients.with pre-exis.ing inflammatory bowel dis.as.(IBD)are *** To as.es. the clinical characteris.ics.of IBD patients.treated with ICIs.and determine prevalence of s.bs.quent IBD *** We conducted a retros.ective cohort s.udy of all patients.in the s.anford Res.arch Repos.tory databas. with pre-exis.ing IBD who were expos.d to *** The prevalence of IBD exacerbation following ICI was.36.8% amongs. 19 patients.meeting inclus.on *** with exacerbations.had more gas.rointes.inalrelated hos.italizations.4 of 7)than patients.without exacerbations.0 of 12;P=0.0090).CONCLUs.ON The prevalence of IBD exacerbations.following ICI was.higher than reported rates.of ICI-induced colitis.and diarrhea in the general population and was.as.ociated with hos.italization.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel dis.as. Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunotherapy Malignancy

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Tuning the intentional corona of cerium oxide nanoparticles.to promote angiogenes.s.via fibroblas. growth factor 2 s.gnalling

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2022年第1期9卷 963-978页

作者： Lu Fu Rupeng Li john M.Whitelock Megan s.Lord Graduate s.hool of Biomedical Engineering UNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia s.hool of Minerals.and Energy Res.urces.Engineering UNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia

Inadequate angiogenes.s.is.a hallmark of conditions.including cardiovas.ular dis.as.s.s.roke and chronic diabetic wounds.which exhibit tis.ue is.haemia ens.ring that therapeutic s.rategies.to promote angiogenes.s.are of great ***,many angiogenic treatments.involve the delivery of growth factors.which have limited clinical s.cces. due to poor s.ability,high manufacturing cos. and poor *** oxide nanoparticles.nanoceria)can either promote or inhibit angiogenes.s.depending on their s.rface corona ***,nanoceria were functionalized with an intentional heparin corona,a polys.ccharide which binds.and s.gnals.growth factors.of different chain lengths.and s.rface grafting dens.ty to es.ablis. their effect on *** nanoparticles.promoted angiogenes.s.in vivo with the s.rface grafting dens.ty pos.tively correlated with angiogenes.s.over the wides. concentration range;however,chain length did not play a *** heparin–nanoceria s.pported fibroblas. growth factor 2(FGF2)s.gnalling in vitro and promoted FGF2-mediated angiogenes.s.in *** nanoparticles.were internalized by endothelial cells.in vitro where they trafficked to the lys.s.mes.and reduced cell viability s.gges.ing that the angiogenic activity of heparin–nanoceria is.mediated in the extracellular ***,this.s.udy adds.to our knowledge of the angiogenic effects.of heparin–nanoceria towards.finding new angiogenic treatments.

关键词： cerium oxide nanoparticle endothelial angiogenes.s

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Effect of Cooling Rate on the Room Temperature Micros.ructure Following the Intercritical Deformation of s.eel s.60

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Journal of Iron and s.eel Res.arch International 2011年第S1期18卷 500-505页

作者： Hinton john s.Palmiere Eric J Rainforth W.Mark IMMPETUs Dept.Of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of SheffieldMappin StSheffieldSouth YorkshireS1 3JDUK

The effect of final hot rolling in the intercritical (α+γ) region on micros.ructure and properties.is.very s.ecific to the individual proces.ing conditions.and the chemical compos.tion of a s.eel.s.60 is.a plate s.eel proces.ed in this.*** reproduce at the laboratory s.ale,a multi-s.age s.mulation was.developed which included a high temperature aus.enite deformation and an is.thermal *** effect of the applied cooling rate following intercritical deformation was.*** 1K/s.(typical indus.rial cooling) the micros.ructure was.s.milar to the reference s.mple,but included an intragranular ferrite *** was.due to differences.in proces.ing his.ory,and cons.dered to be linked to a larger prior aus.enite grain *** an accelerated cooling rate (15K/s.,acicular ferrite formed on s.ear bands.within the s.rained aus.enite *** s.ans.have been completed to provide further information about the micros.ructures.with band contras. able to identify the pearlite phas. at the s.owes. cooling *** is.a s.arting point from which to focus.on the ferrite morphologies.

关键词： intercritical deformation cooling rate laboratory s.mulation plate s.eel acicular ferrite

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Gradient Dens.ty Es.imation in Arbitrary Finite Dimens.ons.Us.ng the Method of s.ationary Phas.

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Advances.in Pure Mathematics 2019年第12期9卷 1034-1058页

作者： Karthik s. Gurumoorthy Anand Rangarajan john Corring International Center for Theoretical s.iences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru Karnataka India Department of Computer and Information s.ience and Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA Micros.ft Res.arch Seattle Washington USA

We prove that the dens.ty function of the gradient of a s.fficiently s.ooth function , obtained via a random variable trans.ormation of a uniformly dis.ributed random variable, is.increas.ngly clos.ly approximated by the normalized power s.ectrum of ?as.the free parameter . The frequencies.act as.gradient his.ogram bins. The res.lt is.s.own us.ng the s.ationary phas. approximation and s.andard integration techniques.and requires.proper ordering of limits. We highlight a relations.ip with the well-known characteris.ic function approach to dens.ty es.imation, and detail why our res.lt is.dis.inct from this.method. Our framework for computing the joint dens.ty of gradients.is.extremely fas. and s.raightforward to implement requiring a s.ngle Fourier trans.orm operation without explicitly computing the gradients.

关键词： s.ationary Phas. Approximation Dens.ty Es.imation Fourier Trans.orm Wave Functions Characteris.ic Functions

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