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Human thrombin for the treatment of gastric and ectopic varices

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第41期18卷 5912-5917页

作者： Norma C McAvoy john N Plevris Peter C hayes Department of Hepatology University of EdinburghRoyal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburgh EH16 4SAUnited Kingdom

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of human thrombin in the treatment of bleeding gastric and ectopic ***:Retrospective observational study in a Tertiary Referral *** January 1999-October 2005,we identified 37 patients who were endoscopically treated with human thrombin injection therapy for bleeding gastric and ectopic *** details including age,gender and aetiology of liver disease/segmental portal hypertension were *** thrombin was obtained from the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service and prepared to give a solution of 250 IU/mL which was injected via a standard injection *** patient case notes were reviewed and the total dose of thrombin given along with the number of endoscopy sessions was *** haemostasis rates,rebleeding rates and mortality were catalogued along with the incidence of any immediate complications which could be attributable to the thrombin *** duration of follow up was also *** study was conducted according to the United Kingdom research ethics ***:Thirty-seven patients were included.33 patients(89%) had thrombin(250 U/mL) for gastric varices,2(5.4%) for duodenal varices,1 for rectal varices and 1 for gastric and rectal varices.(1) Gastric varices,an average of 15.2 mL of thrombin was used per ***-bleeding occurred in 4 patients(10.8%),managed in 2 by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPSS)(one unsuccessfully who died) and in other 2 by a distal splenorenal shunt;(2) Duodenal varices(or type 2 isolated gastric varices),an average of 12.5 mL was used per patient over 2-3 endoscopy ***-bleeding occurred in one patient,which was treated by TIPSS;and(3) Rectal varices,an average of 18.3 mL was used per patient over 3 endoscopy *** re-bleeding occurred in this ***:Human thrombin is a safe,easy to use and effective therapeutic option to control haemorrhage from gastric and ectopic varices.

关键词： Variceal haemorrhage Ectopic Varices Gastric varices, Portal hypertension Thrombin

Pivotal principles for digital earth development in the twenty-first century

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第4期10卷 371-385页

作者： Cheryl Desha Timothy Foresman Annapurna Vancheswaran Angela Reeve john hayes Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia The Energy and Resources Institute(TERI) DelhiIndia

Reductionist thinking will no longer suffice to address contemporary,complex challenges that defy sectoral,national,or disciplinary ***,lessons learned from the past cannot be confidently used to predict outcomes or guide future *** authors propose that the confluence of a number of technology and social disruptors presents a pivotal moment in history to enable real time,accelerated,and integrated action that can adequately support a‘future earth’through transformational *** on more than a decade of dialogues hosted by the International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE),and evolving a briefing note presented to delegates of Pivotal 2015,the paper presents an emergent context for collectively addressing spatial information,sustainable development,and good governance through three guiding principles for enabling prosperous living in the twenty-first *** are:(1)open data,(2)real-world context,and(3)informed visualization for decision *** paper synthesizes an interdisciplinary dialogue to create a credible and positive future vision of collaborative and transparent action for the betterment of humanity and *** is intended that these Pivotal Principles can be used as an elegant framework for action toward the Digital Earth vision,across local,regional,and international communities and organizations.

关键词： Geo-spatial information transformation toward sustainability Pivotal Principles

Update of endoscopy in liver disease:More than just treating varices

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第5期18卷 401-411页

作者： Christoforos Krystallis Gail S Masterton Peter C hayes john N Plevris Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders The Royal InfirmaryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH16 4SAUnited Kingdom

The management of complications in liver disease is often complex and *** has undergone a period of rapid expansion with numerous novel and specialized endoscopic modalities that are of increasing value in the investigation and management of the patient with liver *** this review,relevant literature search and expert opinions have been used to provide a brief overview and update of the current endoscopic management of patients with liver disease and portal *** main areas covered are safety of endoscopy in patients with liver disease,the use of standard endoscopy for the treatment of varices and the role of new endoscopic modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound,esophageal capsule,argon plasma coagulation,spyglass and endomicroscopy in the investigation and treatment of liver-related gastrointestinal and biliary *** is clear that the role of the endoscopy in liver disease is well beyond that of just treating *** the technology in endoscopy expands,so does the role of the endoscopist in liver disease.

关键词： Cirrhosis Portal hypertension Varices En-doscopic ultrasound Esophageal capsule Endoscopicretrograde cholangiopancreatography Endomicros-copy Spyglass

Chemo-dynamical modelling with Schwarzschild's method

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第12期18卷 1-8页

作者： richard john Long Shude Mao National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Manchester Physics Department and Tsinghua Centre for Astrophysics Tsinghua University

We extend Schwarzschild’s dynamical modelling method to model absorption line strength data as well as the more usual luminosity and kinematic *** approach draws on earlier published work by the first author with the Syer & Tremaine made-to-measure(M2M) dynamical modelling method and uses similar ideas to create a chemo-Schwarzschild *** apply our extended Schwarzschild method to the same four early type galaxies(NGC 1248, NGC 3838, NGC 4452,NGC 4551) as the chemo-M2M work, and are able to recover successfully the 2D absorption line strength for the three lines we model(Hβ, Fe5015, Mg b).We believe that this is the first time Schwarzschild’s method has been used in this *** techniques developed can be applied to modelling other aspects of galaxies, for example age and metallicity data coming from stellar population modelling, and are not specific to absorption line strength data.

关键词： galaxies:abundances galaxies:formation galaxies:individual(NGC 1248,NGC 3838,NGC 4452,NGC 4551) galaxies:kinematics and dynamics galaxies:structure methods:numerical

Is irritable bowel syndrome an infectious disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第4期22卷 1331-1334页

作者： john richard Thompson Department of Pharmacy Practice Lipscomb University College of PharmacyOne University Park DriveNashvilleTN 37204United States

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is the most common of all gastroenterological diseases. While many mechanisms have been postulated to explain its etiology, no single mechanism entirely explains the heterogeneity of symptoms seen with the various phenotypes of the disease. Recent data from both basic and clinical sciences suggest that underlying infectious disease may provide a unifying hypothesis that better explains the overall symptomatology. The presence of small intestinal bowel overgrowth(SIBO) has been documented in patients with IBS and reductions in SIBO as determined by breath testing correlate with IBS symptom improvement in clinical trials. The incidence of new onset IBS symptoms following acute infectious gastroenteritis also suggests an infectious cause. Alterations in microbiota-host interactions may compromise epithelial barrier integrity, immune function, and the development and function of both central and enteric nervous systems explaining alterations in the brain-gut axis. Clinical evidence from treatment trials with both probiotics and antibiotics also support this etiology. Probiotics appear to restore the imbalance in the microflora and improve IBS-specific quality of life. Antibiotic trials with both neomycin and rifaximin show improvement in global IBS symptoms that correlates with breath test normalization in diarrhea-predominant patients. The treatment response to two weeks of rifaximin is sustained for up to ten weeks and comparable results are seen in symptom reduction with retreatment in patients who develop recurrent symptoms.

关键词： irritable bowel syndrome pathopohysiology etiology Probiotics antibiotics infectious disease

A Method of Characterizing Radio Signal Space for Wireless Device Localization

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第4期20卷 385-408页

作者： john-Austen Francisco richard P.Martin Department of Computer Science Rutgers University

In this work we present a novel approach for describing radio signal spaces for localization algorithms. We first introduce a new metric, the Discretely Distributed Log-H61der Metric （DDLHM）. The DDLHM is designed to characterize the type and degree of signal distortion relative to Iognormal signal-to-distance path models. We first show how the DDLHM can describe and discriminate distortions in an exhaustive set of synthetic signal spaces. We then determine a reduced set of maximally diagnostic distortion parameters. Using only 4% of the maximal set of DDLHMs, we found the reduced set matches with an acceptable degree of error 95% of the time. Using the synthetic reduced set, we characterized a variety of wireless localization algorithms＇ behaviors to attenuation, bias, and multipath. We found algorithms made much different tradeoffs between best case and average case error. We then use the DDLHM to identify distortion types in three different physical environments using measured 802.11 signal strengths, and predict the positioning performance of several localization algorithms. Our approach predicts average localization error to within 2 meters of the observed average error.

关键词： radio propgation 802.11 WiFi

Spontaneous passage of common bile duct stones in jaundiced patients

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第2期10卷 209-213页

作者： Valentina Lefemine richard john Morgan Department of General Surgery Glan Clwyd Hospital

BACKGROUND:Common bile duct(CBD)stones are known to pass spontaneously in a significant number of patients. This study investigated the rate of spontaneous CBD stones passage in a series of patients presenting with jaundice due to *** patients were managed surgically,allowing CBD intervention to be avoided in the event of spontaneous passage of CBD stones. METHOD:Retrospective analysis of patients presenting with jaundice due to CBD stones,and managed surgically with laparoscopic cholecystectomy and intra-operative cholangiogram with or without CBD exploration. RESULTS:The jaundice settled pre-operatively in 76/108 patients, and in 60/108 the CBD stones had passed spontaneously by the time of *** 60 patients avoided any intervention to their CBD. CONCLUSIONS:CBD stones pass spontaneously in more than half of jaundiced *** management(laparoscopic cholecystectomy and intra-operative cholangiogram,with willingness to perform CBD exploration if positive)allows the avoidance of CBD intervention in these patients.

关键词： cholecystectomy cholangiogram common bile duct stones

How generalists coexist: the role of floral phenotype and spatial factors in the pollination systems of two Ranunculus species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第5期7卷 480-489页

作者： richard P.Kipling john Warren Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Science Aberystwyth UniversityPenglais CampusAberystwythCeredigionSY233FGUK

Aims Competition for pollinators between phenotypically similar flowers is believed to play an important role in floral trait diversification in the ***,in many plant communities,species with apparently similar floral phenotypes and generalist pollina-tion systems ***,the pollination systems of Ranunculus acris *** Ranunculus repens *** investigated to determine the factors enabling the species to coexist within apparently over-lapping pollination *** Sympatrically flowering populations of *** and *** were investigated at three study sites in West *** flo-ral phenotypes of the two species were compared using meas-urements of floral morphology and spectral analyses of petal reflectance,using principal component analysis and bee and fly colour-space *** of inter-specific discrimina-tion by foraging insects was tested for in the field and using floral *** relative roles of behavioural constancy and spatial patchiness in maintaining pollinator fidelity were *** Findings The floral phenotypes of *** and *** differed *** bees were highly constant when foraging at flowers of the two species and patchy floral distribution explained some of the observed *** visiting mixed floral arrays appeared to discriminate between the species,visiting more *** than *** flowers,but there was no difference in the number of vis-its to single-species *** bees were more likely to display constancy to flowers of *** in the *** in floral distribution,subtle differences in floral phenotype,pollinator preferences and behavioural constancy are all likely to con-tribute to the continued coexistence of *** and ***,despite apparent overlap in their pollination *** differences have the potential to facilitate the maintenance of species diversity in plant com-munities,even where plants appear to share similar floral p

关键词： floral phenotype pollination niche Ranunculus functional specialization constancy

Pursuit of the Modern While Preserving Tradition： The Japan Poems of Huang Zunxian

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第2期12卷 182-216页

作者： richard john Lynn Department of East Asian Studies University of Toronto Ontario M5S 3H1 Canada

Huang Zunxian, member of the staff of the Qing legation in Tokyo （1877-82）, became acquainted with prominent Japanese literati （bunjin）. His experiences provide a window of information and insight into the cultural atmosphere of early Meiji Japan and the attitude of progressive and Chinese intellectuals then resident there. With the skills of a literatus, Huang had access to the modes of discourse and thought of his hosts, so formed discriminating views of almost all aspects of Japanese life in an era of change. His experience is captured in some 200 quatrains in the two editions of his Riben zashi shi （Poems on miscellaneous subjects from Japan, 1879 and 189o）, whose contents overlap to include different poems and different versions of same poems. The poems were intended to have more than literary impact--to enlighten those in power in China by casting Japan in a positive light and promote Japan as a model for reform and modernization. Huang linked Japanese tradition with the Chinese, which he did in poems emphasizing their common high culture. The scope of the poems is quite broad： Japanese history and geography, Sino-Japanese cultural relations, Chinese culture in Japan, poetry （kanshi） and prose （kanbun）, painting and calligraphy, Confucianism and Buddhism, the Meiji Restoration and modernization, new political and social institutions, the Diet, local government, political parties, museums, taxation, education reform, women＇s education. Many subjects were unknown to earlier tradition but now topical and urgent as China began to shed old ways and embrace the new.

关键词： Huang Zunxian Meiji Restoration first qing legation to Tokyo,Riben zashi shi Sino-Japanese cultural relations