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An improved culturing method for opiine fruit fly parasitoids and its application to parasitoid monitoring in the field

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 99-108页

作者： Ayad Masry Michael J. Furlong Anthony R. Clarke john paul cunningham School of Earth Environmental and Biological Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Queensland Australia School of Biological Sciences the University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre Bruce ACT Australia Department of Economic Development Jobs Transport and Resources AgriBio Centre La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia

Good culturing methods play an important role in the study of insect behavior and its application to pest management. Here, we describe and validate a new method for rearing the parasitoid wasp, Diachasmirnorpha kraussii, which attacks some of the world＇s worst fruit fly pests and is an internationally used biological control agent. Our method differs from standard culturing approaches by presenting adult wasps with host- infested artificial media within a ＂culturing bag,＂ which mimics a natural （fruit） oviposition substrate. In laboratory trials using wild collected D. kraussii, the culturing bag method was compared to the use of host-infested nectarines, and a commonly used laboratory method of presenting host-infested artificial media within Petri dishes. The culturing bag method proved to be a significant improvement on both methods, combining the advantages of high host survival in artificial media with parasitism levels that were the equivalent to those recorded using host-infested fruits. In our field study, culturing bags infested with the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, and hung in a mixed peach and nectarine orchard proved to be effective ＂artificial fruits＂ attracting wild D. kraussii for oviposition. Significantly more adult wasps were reared from the culturing bags compared to field collected fruits. This was shown to be due to higher fruit fly larval density in the bags, as similar percentage parasitism rates were found between the culturing bags and ripe fruits. We discuss how this cheap, time-efficient method could be applied to collecting and monitoring wild D. kraussii populations in orchards, and assist in maintaining genetic variability in parasitoid laboratory cultures.

关键词： Bactrocera biological control fruit fly mass rearing natural enemies Tephritidae wasp

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The Decarbonization of Construction—How Can Alkali-Activated Materials Contribute?

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 18-21页

作者： john L.Provis Susan A.Bernal Zuhua Zhang Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of SheffieldSheffield S13JDUK paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSI 5232Switzerland School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK School of Materials Sciences and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

*** and context Enormous emphasis is currently being paid to the decarbonization of the global built environment as a leading priority for the engineering community and related industrial sectors[1].One of the main contributors to the overall emissions footprint of the built environment-and thus a cornerstone of efforts to achieve decarbonization-is the emissions profile of construction materials during their production and *** cement and concrete sector is the largest-volume contributor to the emissions incurred in meeting the world’s construction material needs and is therefore targeted in the discussion of the deep,rapid decarbonization that must be achieved in order to minimize irreversible damage to the Earth and its ecosystems.

关键词： Alkali corners irreversible

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Quantitative Applications of Weather Satellite Data for Nowcasting:Progress and Challenges

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 399-413页

作者： Jun LI Jing ZHENG Bo LI Min MIN Yanan LIU Chian-Yi LIU Zhenglong LI Wpaul MENZEL Timothy J.SCHMIT john L.CINTINEO Scott LINDSTROM Scott BACHMEIER Yunheng XUE Yayu MA Di DI Han LIN Innovation Centre for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) National Satellite Meteorological CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai519082China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia SinicaTaipei11529China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Sensors and Calibration Branch STAR/NESDISMadisonWI53706USA Wuxi University Wuxi214105China School of Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Monitoring and predicting highly localized weather events over a very short-term period,typically ranging from minutes to a few hours,are very important for decision makers and public *** these events usually relies on radar observations through monitoring and *** advanced high-resolution imaging and sounding observations from weather satellites,nowcasting can be enhanced by combining radar,satellite,and other data,while quantitative applications of those data for nowcasting are advanced through using machine learning *** applications include monitoring the location,impact area,intensity,water vapor,atmospheric instability,precipitation,physical properties,and optical properties of the severe storm at different stages(pre-convection,initiation,development,and decaying),identification of storm types(wind,snow,hail,etc.),and predicting the occurrence and evolution of the *** observations can provide information on the environmental characteristics in the preconvection stage and are very useful for situational awareness and storm *** paper provides an overview of recent progress on quantitative applications of satellite data in nowcasting and its challenges,and future perspectives are also addressed and discussed.

关键词： weather satellite quantitative applications nowcasting pre-convection

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From laboratory to the field: consistent effects of experience on host location by the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 863-872页

作者： Ayad Masry john P.cunningham Anthony R.Clarke School of Earth Environmental and Biological SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria Research AgilBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoriaAustralia

Associative learning is well documented in Hymenopteran parasitoids, where it is thought to be an adaptive mechanism for increasing successful host location in complex environments. Based on this learning capacity, it has been suggested that providing prerelease training to parasitoids reared for inundative release may lead to a subsequent increase in their efficacy as biological control agents. Using the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha krausii we tested this hypothesis in a series of associative learning experiments which involved the parasitoid, two host fruits (tomatoes and nectarine), and one host fly (Bactrocera ttyoni). In sequential Y-tube olfactometer studies, large field-cage studies, and then open field studies, naive wasps showed a consistent preference for nectarines over tomatoes. The preference for nectarines was retained, but not significantly increased, for wasps which had prior training exposure to nectarines. However, and again consistently at all three spatial scales, prior experience on tomatoes led to significantly increased attraction to this fruit by tomato-trained wasps, including those liberated freely in the environment. These results, showing consistency of learning at multiple spatial scales, gives confidence to the many laboratory-based learning studies which are extrapolated to the field without testing. The experiment also provides direct experimental support for the proposed practice of enhancing the quality of inundatively released parasitoids through associative learning.

关键词： biological control inundative release learning mass rearing Opiinae Tephritidae

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Influence of inter-grain cementation stiffness on the effective elastic properties of porous Bentheim sandstone

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第3期15卷 573-583页

作者： Bin Chen Jiansheng Xiang john-paul Latham Department of Earth Science and Engineering Faculty of EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW72BXUK

Effective elastic properties of porous media are known to be significantly influenced by *** this paper,we investigated the influence of another critical factor,the inter-grain cementation stiffness,on the effective elastic properties of a granular porous rock(Bentheim sandstone)using an advanced numerical workflow with realistic rock microstructure and a theoretical ***,the disparity between the experimentally tested elastic properties of Bentheim sandstone and the effective elastic properties predicted by empirical equations was ***,a micro-computed tomography(CT)-scan based approach was implemented with digital imaging software AVIZO to construct the 3D(three-dimensional)realistic microstructure of Bentheim *** microstructural model was imported to a mechanics solver based on the 3D finite element model with inter-grain boundaries modelled by cohesive *** simulations were run to test the effective elastic properties for different shear and normal intergrain cementation ***,a relation between the macroscale Young’s modulus and inter-grain cementation stiffness was derived with a theoretical model which can also account for porosity *** the numerical and theoretical results indicate the influence of the inter-grain cementation stiffness,on the effective elastic properties is significant for porous *** calibrated normal and shear stiffnesses at the inter-grain boundaries are 1.2×10^(5) and 4×10^(4) GPa/m,respectively.

关键词： Porous sandstone Cohesive finite element model Grain-based model Rock microstructure Micro-computed tomography(CT)

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A Survey of Language-Based Approaches to Cyber-Physical and Embedded System Development

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第2期20卷 130-141页

作者： paul Soulier Depeng Li john R. Williams University of Hawaii Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)

As computers continue to advance, they are becoming more capable of sensing, interacting, and communicating with the physical and cyber world. Medical devices, electronic braking systems in automotive applications, and industrial control systems are examples of the many Cyber-Physical Systems （CPS） that utilize these computing capabilities. Given the potential consequences of software related failures in such systems, a high degree of safety, security, and reliability is often required. Programming languages are important tools used by programmers to develop CPS. They provide a programmer with the ability to transform designs into machine code. Of equal importance is their ability to detect and avoid programming mistakes. The development of CPS has predominantly been accomplished using the C programming language. Although C is a powerful language, it lacks features present in other languages that facilitate the development of reliable systems. This has prompted research into language-based alternatives for improving program quality through the use of programming languages. This paper presents an overview of the characteristics of embedded and cyber-physical systems and the associated requirements imposed on programming languages. This is followed by a survey of relevant research into language- based methods for creating safe, reliable, and robust software for CPS.

关键词： cyber-physical systems embedded systems programming languages type systems

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A randomized controlled trial of Promoting Physical Activity in Regional and Remote Cancer Survivors(PPARCS)

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 81-89页

作者： Sarah J.Hardcastle Chloe Maxwell-Smith Vinicius Cavalheri Terry Boyle Marta Leyton Román Cameron Platell Michael Levitt Christobel Saunders Frank Sardelic Sophie Nightingale Jacob McCormick Craig Lynch paul A.Cohen Max Bulsara Dana Hince Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldS102BPUK Institute for Health Research The University of Notre DameFremantleWA 6959Australia Curtin School of Population Health Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Allied Health South Metropolitan Health ServiceMurdochWA 6150Australia Australian Centre for Precision Health University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia Department of Didactics of Musical Plastic and Body ExpressionUniversity of ExtremaduraCaceres 10071Spain St.john of God Subiaco Hospital PerthWA 6008Australia Department of Surgery University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Tamara Private Hospital TamworthNSW 2340Australia Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre MelbourneVIC 3000Australia College of Health and Medicine Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Background:Physical activity(PA)is important for cancer *** of remotely delivered interventions are needed to assist in reaching under-served non-metropolitan cancer *** objective of this study was to ascertain whether wearable technology,coupled with health coaching was effective in increasing PA in breast and colorectal cancer survivors living in regional and remote areas in ***:Cancer survivors from 5 states were randomized to intervention and control *** participants were given a Fitbit Charge 2TMand received up to 6 telephone health coaching *** participants received PA print *** assessments at baseline and 12 weeks measured moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),light PA,and sedentary ***:Eighty-seven participants were recruited(age=63±11 years;74(85%)female).There was a significant net improvement in MVPA of 49.8 min/week,favoring the intervention group(95%confidence interval(95%CI):13.6-86.1,p=0.007).There was also a net increase in MVPA bouts of 39.5 min/week(95%CI:11.9-67.1,p=0.005),favoring the intervention *** groups improved light PA and sedentary behavior,but there were no between-group ***:This’s the first study to demonstrate that,when compared to standard practice(i.e.,PA education),a wearable technology intervention coupled with distance-based health coaching,improves MVPA in non-metropolitan cancer *** results display promise for the use of scalable interventions using smart wearable technology in conjunction with phone-based health coaching to foster increased PA in geographically disadvantaged cancer survivors.

关键词： Behavior change Exercise Health disparities Oncology Wearable technology

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Analysis on variety and characteristics of maghemite

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第8期53卷 1153-1162页

作者： SHAW john BLOEMENDAL Jan HESSE paul ROLPH Tim Department of Earth Sciences University of Liverpool Department of Geography University of Liverpool Department of Environment and Geography Macquarie University Department of Geology University of Newcastle

Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) is a very common mineral at the earth’s surface and also an important material for making music and video tapes. Maghemite is usually synthesized from magnetite under oxidizing conditions after a few hours or a few days below a temperature of 300°C. The magnetic property of thermal instability and the chemical action after heating is an important character for maghemite. That is, it will become hematite in certain proportion after being heated above 250°C. Maghemite is therefore actually unable to have its Curie temperature measured. But late using synthetic sample, maghemite was further found partially thermal stable with a measurable Curie temperature ~645°C. During our thermally magnetic experiments for a set of synthetic magnetite, we found that extra fined grain size (pseudo single domain (PSD) and small multi-domain (MD), mainly 1-10 μm) magnetite was formed to a completely thermally stable maghemite. This maghemite can also be produced by heating the same powder up to 700°C in an oven and keeping this temperature for 10 min, then cooling it down. When the generated maghemite by these two ways is heated from room temperature to 700°C, it shows almost fully reversible, or thermally stable. We used X-ray powder diffraction and Mssbauer spectroscopy to confirm the identity of this maghemite and compared its magnetic hysteresis, high temperature magnetization, low temperature thermal demagnetization, and low temperature susceptibility with those of the original preheated magnetite. Such quickly oxidized maghemite by heating to high temperature implies some types of maghemite formed in certain natural condition can carry a thermal remnant magnetization (TRM). Four types of maghemite were characterized and discussed according to their thermal stability. Among them, partially stable and fully thermally stable maghemite after heating should possess capability of carrying TRM. There is possibly a compensation of synthetizing maghemite between heatin

关键词： maghemite paleomagnetism environmental magnetism magnetic mineral thermal stability TRM

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Characterization of the Tomato Prosystemin Promoter:Organ-specific Expression,Hormone Specificity and Methyl Jasmonate Responsiveness by Deletion Analysis in Transgenic Tobacco Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第1期54卷 15-32页

作者： Hamlet Avilés-Arnaut john paul Délano-Frier Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) at Irapuato:Unit for Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

Tomato systemin is a bioactive peptide that regulates the systemic activation of wound-responsive genes. It is released from its 200 amino acid precursor called prosystemin. Initial tissue-localization and hormone-induced expression assays indicated that the tomato prosystemin gene （SIPS） accumulates mainly in floral tissues and in response to exogenous abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate （MeJA） treatments, respectively. Later, the promoter regions of the PS gene in tomato （Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Castlemart）, pepper （Capsicum annuum） and potato （Solanum tuberosum） were isolated and an in silico analysis of the SIPS promoter revealed an over-representation of stress- and MeJA-responsive motifs. A subsequent 5＇ deletion analysis of the SIPS promoter fused to the/^-glucuronidase reporter （GUS） gene showed that the -221 to ＋40 bp proximal SIPS promoter region was sufficient to direct the stigma, vascular bundle-specific and MeJA-responsive expression of GUS in transgenic tobacco plants. Important ***-specific, light- and MeJA-responsive cis-elements were also present in this region. These findings provide relevant information regarding the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of the SIPS promoter operating in transgenic tobacco plants. They also suggest that its Ussue-specificity and inducible nature could have wide applicability in plant biotechnology.

关键词： cis-regulatory elements flower specific jasmonic acid methyl jasmonate promoter analysis prosystemin wound-responsive genes.

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Species Concepts as Applied to the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Systematics:How Many Species Are There?

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 176-186页

作者： LIU Shu-sheng john Colvin paul J De Barro Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture~Institute of lnsect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent ME4 4TB United Kingdom CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia

The worldwide distribution and extensive genetic diversity of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,has long been ***,the levels of separation within *** and the nomenclature of the various genetic groups have been a subject of *** phylogenetic analyses indicate that *** is a complex composed of 28 morphologically indistinguishable *** this article,we first review the debate and difficulties associated with ***＇s taxonomy and systematics,and argue for the need to apply the biological species concept in order to elucidate ***＇s *** summarize the accumulated genetic and behavioural data on reproductive incompatibilities evident amongst phylogenetic mtCOI groups of *** studies have been conducted with 14 of the 28 putative species covering 54 reciprocal inter-species pairs,and observations on mating behaviour have been conducted for seven species *** from both crossing trials and behavioural observations indicate a consistent pattern of reproductive isolation among the putative *** then discuss the technical and conceptual complexities associated with crossing experiments and behavioural observations designed to reveal reproductive ***,we elaborate on a strategy for further clarifying the pattern of reproductive isolation between *** groups and propose future research directions on the systematics of this complex.

关键词： whitefly systematics biological species cryptic species phylogenetic species reproductive isolation mating behavior taxonomy

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