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Tracking domestic ducks:A novel approach for documenting poultry market chains in the context of avian influenza transmission

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第7期15卷 1584-1594页

作者： Chang-Yong Choi john Y Takekawa XIONG Yue LIU Ying Martin Wikelski George Heine Diann J Prosser Scott H Newman john Edwards Fusheng Guo Xiangming Xiao Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology Center for Spatial AnalysisUniversity of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Western Ecological Research Center U.S.Geological SurveyVallejoCA 94592USA National Audubon Society San FranciscoCA 94104USA Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022P.R.China Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology Max Planck Institute for OrnithologyRadolfzell D-78315Germany Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanz D-78457Germany Patuxent Wildlife Research Center U.S.Geological SurveyBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases(ECTAD)Vietnam Office Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsHanoi 10000Vietnam Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases(ECTAD)China Office Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsBeijing 100600P.R.China Murdoch University MurdochWA 6150Australia Institute of Biodiversity Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433P.R.China

Agro-ecological conditions associated with the spread and persistence of highly pathogenic avian inlfuenza （HPAI） are not well understood, but the trade of live poultry is suspected to be a major pathway. Although market chains of live bird trade have been studied through indirect means including interviews and questionnaires, direct methods have not been used to identify movements of individual poultry. To bridge the knowledge gap on quantitative movement and transportation of poultry, we introduced a novel approach for applying telemetry to document domestic duck movements from source farms at Poyang Lake, China. We deployed recently developed transmitters that record Global Positioning System （GPS） locations and send them through the Groupe Spécial Mobile （GSM） cellular telephone system. For the ifrst time, we were able to track individually marked ducks from 3 to 396 km from their origin to other farms, distribution facilities, or live bird markets. Our proof of concept test showed that the use of GPS-GSM transmitters may provide di-rect, quantitative information to document the movement of poultry and reveal their market chains. Our ifndings provide an initial indication of the complexity of source-market network connectivity and highlight the great potential for future telemetry studies in poultry network analyses.

关键词： avian inlfuenza domestic duck market chain network poultry telemetry

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Boron arsenide heterostructures:lattice-matched heterointerfaces and strain effects on band alignments and mobility

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1636-1642页

作者： Kyle Bushick Sieun Chae Zihao Deng john T.Heron Emmanouil Kioupakis Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

BAs is a iii–V semiconductor with ultra-high thermal conductivity,but many of its electronic properties are *** work applies predictive atomistic calculations to investigate the properties of BAs heterostructures,such as strain effects on band alignments and carrier mobility,considering BAs as both a thin film and a substrate for lattice-matched *** results show that isotropic biaxial in-plane strain decreases the band gap independent of sign or *** addition,1%biaxial tensile strain increases the in-plane electron and hole mobilities at 300 K by>60%compared to the unstrained values due to a reduction of the electron effective mass and of hole interband ***,BAs is shown to be nearly lattice-matched with InGaN and ZnSnN2,two important optoelectronic semiconductors with tunable band gaps by alloying and cation disorder,respectively.

关键词： strain alloying lattice

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Treatment of hemorrhoids: A survey of surgical practice in Australia and New Zealand

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第22期7卷 3742-3750页

作者： George E Fowler Javariah Siddiqui Assad Zahid Christopher john Young Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation TrustExeter EX25DWUnited Kingdom Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal Prince Alfred HospitalNewtown 2042NSWAustralia

BACKGROUND Hemorrhoidal disease is the most common anorectal *** can be classified as external or internal,according to their relation to the dentate *** hemorrhoids originate below the dentate line and are managed conservatively unless the patient cannot keep the perianal region clean,or they cause significant *** hemorrhoids originate above the dentate line and can be managed according to the graded degree of prolapse,as described by ***,low-grade internal hemorrhoids are effectively treated conservatively,by non-operative measures,while high-grade internal hemorrhoids warrant procedural *** To determine the application of clinical practice guidelines for the current management of hemorrhoids and colorectal surgeon consensus in Australia and New *** An online survey was distributed to 206 colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand using 17 guideline-based hypothetical clinical *** There were 82 respondents(40%)to 17 guideline-based ***(53%)reached consensus,of which only 1(6%)disagreed with the *** was based on low quality evidence for the management of acutely thrombosed external *** were 8 scenarios which showed community equipoise(47%)and they were equally divided for agreeing or disagreeing with the *** topics were based on low and moderate levels of *** included the initial management of grade I internal hemorrhoids,grade iii internal hemorrhoids when initial management had failed and the patient had recognised risks factors for septic complications;and finally,the decision-making when considering patient preferences,including a prompt return to work,or minimal post-operative *** Although there are areas of consensus in the management of hemorrhoids,there are many areas of community equipoise which would benefit from further research.

关键词： Hemorrhoids Clinical practice guidelines Survey Consensus

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Current Therapeutics in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第5期11卷 1267-1281页

作者： Natassia Tan john Lubel William Kemp Stuart Roberts Ammar Majeed Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Alfred HealthCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is an orphan,cholestatic liver disease that is characterized by inflammatory biliary strictures with variable progression to end-stage liver *** pathophysiology is poorly *** biliary inflammation is likely driven by immune dysregulation,gut dysbiosis,and environmental exposures resulting in gutliver crosstalk and bile acid metabolism *** is no proven medical therapy that alters disease progression in PSC,with the commonly prescribed ursodeoxycholic acid being shown to improve liver biochemistry at low-moderate doses(15–23 mg/kg/day)but not alter transplant-free survival or liver-related *** transplantation is the only option for patients who develop end-stage liver disease or refractory complications of *** and antifibrotic agents have not proven to be effective,but there is promise for manipulation of the gut microbiome with fecal microbiota transplantation and *** acid manipulation via alternate synthetic bile acids such as norursodeoxycholic acid,or interaction at a transcriptional level via nuclear receptor agonists and fibrates have shown potential in phase II trials in PSC with several leading to larger phase iii *** view of the enhanced malignancy risk,statins,and aspirin show potential for reducing the risk of colorectal cancer and cholangiocarcinoma in PSC *** patients who develop clinically relevant strictures with cholestatic symptoms and worsening liver function,balloon dilatation is safer compared with biliary stent insertion with equivalent clinical efficacy.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis Bile acid Microbiome 24-Norursodeoxycholic acid Farnesoid X receptor agonists Liver transplant

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Poly(lactic acid)-starch/Expandable Graphite (PLA-starch/EG) Flame Retardant Composites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第1期6卷 26-37页

作者： Mfiso Emmanuel Mngomezulu Adriaan Stephanus Luyt Steve Anthony Chapple Maya Jacob john Department of Chemistry University of the Free State(Qwaqwa Campus)Private Bag X13Phuthaditjhaba 9866South Africa Center for Advanced Materials Qatar UniversityPO Box 2713DohaQatar CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing Polymers and Composites Competence AreaPO Box 1124Port Elizabeth 6000South Africa Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceNelson Mandela Metropolitan UniversityPO Box 1600Port Elizabeth 6000South Africa

This work reports on the effect of commercial expandable graphite(EG)on the flammability and thermal decomposition properties of PLA-starch *** PLA-starch/EG composites were prepared by melt-mixing and their thermal stability,volatile pyrolysis products and flammability characteristics were *** char residues of the composites,after combustion in a cone calorimeter,were analyzed with environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESEM).The thermal decomposition stability of the composites improved in the presence of ***,the char content was less than expected as per the combination of the wt%EG added into PLA-starch and the%residue of *** flammability performance of the PLA-starch/EG composites improved,especially at 15 wt%EG content,due to a thick and strong worm-like char *** peak heat release rate(PHRR)improved by 74%,the total smoke production(TSP)by 40%and the specific extinction area(SEA)by 55%.The improvements are attributed to the ability of EG to exfoliate at increased temperatures during which time three effects occurred:(i)cooling due to an endothermic exfoliation process,(ii)dilution due to release of H2O,SO2 and CO2 gases,and (iii)formation of a protective intumescent char ***,the CO and CO2 yields were found to be unfavorably high due to the presence of EG.

关键词： Poly(lactic acid)-starch composites expandable graphite thermal stability flammability properties

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GroupⅢmetabotropic glutamate receptors and drug addiction

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Frontiers of Medicine 2013年第4期7卷 445-451页

作者： Limin Mao Minglei Guo Daozhong Jin Bing Xue john Q.Wang Department of Basic Medical Science School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas CityMO 64108USA

Neuroadaptations of glutamatergic transmission in the limbic reward circuitry are linked to persistent drug *** data have demonstrated roles of ionotropic glutamate receptors and groupⅠandⅡmetabotropic glutamate receptors(mGluRs)in this *** evidence also identifies Gαi/o-coupled groupⅢmGluRs(mGluR4/7/8 subtypes enriched in the limbic system)as direct substrates of drugs of abuse and active regulators of drug ***-and heteroreceptors of mGluR4/7/8 reside predominantly on nerve terminals of glutamatergic corticostriatal and GABAergic striatopallidal pathways,*** presynaptic receptors regulate basal and/or phasic release of respective transmitters to maintain basal ganglia *** response to operant administration of common addictive drugs,such as psychostimulants(cocaine and amphetamine),alcohol and opiates,limbic groupⅢmGluRs undergo drastic adaptations to contribute to the enduring remodeling of excitatory synapses and to usually suppress drug seeking *** a result,a loss-of-function mutation(knockout)of individual groupⅢreceptor subtypes often promotes drug *** review summarizes the data from recent studies on three groupⅢreceptor subtypes(mGluR4/7/8)expressed in the basal ganglia and analyzes their roles in the regulation of dopamine and glutamate signaling in the striatum and their participation in the addictive properties of three major classes of drugs(psychostimulants,alcohol,and opiates).

关键词： groupⅢmetabotropic glutamate receptors cocaine amphetamine alcohol opiate

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Functional gastrointestinal disorders in eating disorder patients:Altered distribution and predictors using ROME Ⅲ compared to ROME Ⅱ criteria

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第43期20卷 16293-16299页

作者： Xiaojie Wang Georgina M Luscombe Catherine Boyd john Kellow Suzanne Abraham Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia School of Rural Health University of SydneyOrangeNSW 2800Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine University of SydneyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNSW 2065Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Northside ClinicUniversity of SydneyRoyal North Shore HospitalNSW 2065Australia

AIM:To compare the prevalence of Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)using ROMEⅢand ROMEⅡand to describe predictors of FGIDs among eating disorder(ED)***:Two similar cohorts of female ED inpatients,aged 17-50 years,with no organic gastrointestinal or systemic disorders,completed either the ROMEⅢ(n=100)or the ROMEⅡ(n=160)questionnaire on admission for ED *** two ROME cohorts were compared on continuous demographic variables(e.g.,age,BMI)using Student’s t-tests,and on categorical variables(e.g.,ED diagnosis)usingχ*** relationship between ED diagnostic subtypes and FGID categories was explored usingχ***,BMI,and psychological and behavioural predictors of the common(prevalence greater than 20%)ROMEⅢFGIDs were tested using logistic regression ***:The criteria for at least one FGID were fulfilled by 83%of the ROMEⅢcohort,and 94%of the ROMEⅡ*** were no significant differences in age,BMI,lowest ever BMI,ED diagnostic subtypes or ED-related quality of life(QOL)scores between ROMEⅡand ROMEⅢ*** most prevalent FGIDs using ROMEⅢwere postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)(45%)and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)(41%),followed by unspecified functional bowel disorders(U-FBD)(24%),and functional heartburn(FH)(22%).There was a 29%or 46%increase(depending on presence or absence of cyclic vomiting)in functional gastroduodenal disorders because of the introduction of PDS in ROMEⅢcompared to ROMEⅡ.There was a 35%decrease in functional bowel disorders(FBD)in RomeⅢ(excluding U-FBD)compared to ROMEⅡ.The most significant predictor of PDS was starvation(P=0.008).The predictor of FH(P=0.021)and U-FBD(P=0.007)was somatisation,and of IBS laxative use(P=0.025).Age and BMI were not significant *** addition of the 6-mo duration of symptoms requirement for a diagnosis in ROMEⅢadded precision to many ***:ROMEⅢconfers higher precision in diagnosing FGIDs but self-induced vomiting should be excluded from the

关键词： Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Eating disorders Gastrointestinal diseases Irritable bowel syndrome

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Linewidth narrowing in self-injection-locked on-chip lasers

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第10期12卷 2074-2083页

作者： Emad Alkhazraji Weng W.Chow Frédéric Grillot john E.Bowers Yating Wan Integrated Photonics Lab King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955Saudi Arabia Sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNM 87185-1086USA LTCI Télécom ParisInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91120 PalaiseauFrance Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering University of California-Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

Stable laser emission with narrow linewidth is of critical importance in many applications,including coherent communications,LIDAR,and remote *** this work,the physics underlying spectral narrowing of self-injection-locked on-chip lasers to Hz-level lasing linewidth is investigated using a composite-cavity *** integrated iii–V/SiN lasers operating with quantum-dot and quantum-well active regions are analyzed with a focus on the effects of carrier quantum *** intrinsic differences are associated with gain saturation and carrier-induced refractive index,which are directly connected with 0-and 2-dimensional carrier densities of *** from parametric studies are presented for tradeoffs involved with tailoring the linewidth,output power,and injection current for different device *** both quantum-well and quantum-dot devices show similar linewidth-narrowing capabilities,the former emits at a higher optical power in the self-injection-locked state,while the latter is more ***,a multi-objective optimization analysis is provided to optimize the operation and design *** the quantum-well laser,minimizing the number of quantum-well layers is found to decrease the threshold current without significantly reducing the output *** the quantum-dot laser,increasing the quantum-dot layers or density in each layer increases the output power without significantly increasing the threshold *** findings serve to guide more detailed parametric studies to produce timely results for engineering design.

关键词： narrowing injection quantum

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Unmasking xenolithic eclogites:Progressive metasomatism of a key Roberts Victor sample

Unmasking xenolithic eclogites:Progressive metasomatism of a...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2014年度（第14届）学术年会

作者： Jin-Xiang Huang William L.Griffin Yoann Gréau norman J.Pearson Suzanne Y.O'Reilly john Cliff Laure Martin State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChina Academy of Sciences Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems/GEMOC Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesMacquarie University Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and AnalysisUniversity of Western Australia

Most eclogite xenoliths from the Roberts Victor kimberlite(South Africa)have been metasomatized by melts/fluids in the carbonatitic–kimberlitic spectrum,and these can be used to define a progressive metasomatic *** stages of this progressive metasomatism have been recognized within one sample(RV07-17),using petrography,major-and trace-element compositions,and Sr-and O-isotope *** zones in RV07-17 are distinguished in terms of the compositions of their *** Zone 1 to Zone 4,the microstructure becomes less equilibrated;secondary minerals and fluid inclusions become abundant;the pyrope content of the garnets increases;and clinopyroxene shows progressive enrichment in Mg *** garnets of Zone 1 have flat REE patterns from Lu to Sm,with a strong depletion in the *** Zone 4,the relative abundance of the MREE of the garnets drops significantly,giving smoother patterns.A large relict clinopyroxene grain in Zone 1 shows a strong depletion in the LREE,but the LREE/MREE of the recrystallized clinopyroxene increases from Zone 1 to Zone *** Zone 1 to4,87Sr/86Sr in clinopyroxene increases along with Sr content andδ18O of the garnet decreases from 8.2 to 5.7‰as the Mg O content ***-element data imply that the fluids that metasomatized RV07-17 were closer to carbonatitic than kimberlitic in *** from the one relict clinopyroxene,all original compositional information in this xenolith has been swept away,making it difficult to define the *** know the origin of the xenolithic eclogites,and to use them as evidence for different geodynamic/tectonic scenarios,the least metasomatized samples must be studied;unfortunately these make up a tiny proportion of the widely studied xenolith population at Roberts Victor.

关键词： Eclogites Xenoliths Mantle metasomatism Kaapvaal craton

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Enhancement of diversity,stand structure and regeneration of woody species through area exclosure:the case of a mopane woodland in northern Botswana

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 41-55页

作者： Demel Teketay Keotshephile Kashe Joseph Madome Monica Kabelo john Neelo Mmusi Mmusi Wellington Masamba Department of Crop Science and Production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesPrivate Bag 0027GaboroneBotswana University of Botswana Okavango Research InstitutePrivate Bag 285MaunBotswana

Introduction:An area exclosure is the practice of land management that involves the exclusion of livestock and humans from openly accessing an area that is characterized by severe *** exclosures have been employed as cheap and convenient means of rehabilitating degraded forests/woodlands.A study was carried out to(i)assess the species richness,diversity and evenness;(ii)determine the densities,frequencies,dominance and importance value index;and(iii)assess the population structure and regeneration status of woody species inside and outside the fence(area exclosure)of Okavango Research Institute(ORI)located in Maun,northern ***:Thirty-five woody species were recorded inside(32 spp.)and outside(24 spp.)the ORI compound,and the population structure and regeneration status of the woody species were better inside than outside the ORI *** exclosure had seven times higher mean density of woody species than outside ORI,and an exceptional regeneration of seedlings was observed inside than outside the ORI compound,suggesting the process of recovery of the degraded *** frequencies of more than half of the woody species also showed increment inside than outside the *** results suggest that the exclosed area is still in an initial recovery stage since it had been an open grazing area prior to the establishment of the *** of the woody species encountered outside ORI showed hampered recruitment and regeneration,owing to different anthropogenic impacts and overgrazing by ***:Despite the relatively short period(10 years)of exclosure establishment,results from the present study have further provided empirical evidences on the actual crucial roles played by area exclosures to increase woody species richness,diversity,evenness,density,frequency,dominance and important value index as well as enhance the population structure and regeneration of the woody species in northern *** research is recomm

关键词： Frequency Density Important value index Maun Population structure Species richness

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