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Spatial and Temporal Patterns of In Situ Sea Surface Temperatures within the Gulf of Mexico from 1901-2010

American Journal of Climate Change 2016年第3期5卷 314-343页

作者： Jason Allard john V. Clarke iii Barry D. Keim Department of Physics Astronomy & Geosciences Valdosta State University Valdosta GA USA Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

This work examines the spatial and temporal patterns of seasonal sea surface temperatures (SSTs) across the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) for the period 1901-2010. The Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, version 4 (ERSST.v4), dataset was selected for this study over other reconstructions because of its 2° × 2° grid cell spatial resolution, its recent update to adjust for known biases in SST observations, and its ability to be compared to other in situ studies of GoM SSTs. The monthly ERSST.v4 data were averaged seasonally for each year and grid cell in the GoM. Seasonal SST trends were then calculated for each grid cell with varying start dates (e.g., 1901-2010, 1911- 2010) to account for nonlinear SST changes over the study period. Results indicate that the GoM SSTs closely resemble those of global annual temperature trends: SSTs warmed from 1901 to ~1940, followed by a period with little trend or a slight cooling until the mid-1970s, and then a warming afterwards through 2010. The spatial patterns and magnitudes of SST changes, however, varied by season and location within the GoM. The spatial patterns involved gradients with latitudinal and/or longitudinal components: a southwest-northeast (warmer-cooler) gradient in winter, an east-west (warmer-cooler) gradient in spring and fall, and a northwest-southeast (warmer-cooler) gradient in summer. The magnitude of SST changes tended to be largest in summer, followed by spring, fall, and winter. The long-term (1901-2010) SST trends were significant throughout the GoM in summer and fall, but only significant towards the southwestern GoM in winter and spring. These results have implications in discussion of climate change and its impacts on tropical activity in the GoM Basin.

关键词： Sea Surface Temperature Gulf of Mexico Temperature Reconstructions Temperature Variability

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Dynamic and nonlinear properties of epitaxial quantum dot lasers on silicon for isolator-free integration

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Photonics Research 2019年第11期7卷 1222-1228页

作者： Jianan Duan Heming Huang Bozhang Dong Justin C.norman Zeyu Zhang john E.Bowers Frederic Grillot LTCI Telecom ParisInstitut Polytechnique de Paris46 rue Barrault75013 ParisFrance Materials Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106USA Institute for Energy Efficiency University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106USA Center for High Technology Materials University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico 87106USA

This work investigates the dynamic and nonlinear properties of quantum dot(QD) lasers directly grown on silicon with a view to isolator-free applications. Among them, the chirp parameter, also named the αHfactor,is featured through a thermally insensitive method analyzing the residual side-mode dynamics under optical injection locking. The αHat threshold is found as low as 0.32. Then, the nonlinear gain is investigated from the gain compression factor viewpoint. The latter is found higher for epitaxial QD lasers on silicon than that in heterogeneously integrated quantum well(QW) devices on silicon. Despite that, the power dependence of the αHdoes not lead to a large increase of the chirp coefficient above the laser’s threshold at higher bias. This effect is confirmed from an analytical model and attributed to the strong lasing emission of the ground-state transition, which transforms into a critical feedback level as high as-6.5 d B, which is ~19 d B higher than a comparable QW ***, the intensity noise analysis confirms that QD lasers are overdamped oscillators with damping frequencies as large as 33 GHz. Altogether, these features contribute to fundamentally enhancing the reflection insensitivity of the epitaxial QD lasers. This last feature is unveiled by the 10 Gbit/s error-free high-speed transmission experiments. Overall, we believe that this work is of paramount importance for future isolator-free photonics technologies and cost-efficient high-speed transmission systems.

关键词： quantum nonlinear epitaxial

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A Simple Approach for Evaluating Total MicroRNA Extraction from Mouse Brain Tissues

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2012年第1期2卷 5-12页

作者： Jack G. Walleshauser iii Trace Kessler Danielle Morse Bakhos A. Tannous norman H. L. Chiu Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro USA Department of Nanoscience Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering Greensboro USA Molecular Neuro- genetics Unit Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston USA

For the analysis of microRNA, a common approach is to first extract microRNA from cellular samples prior to any specific microRNA detection. Thus, it is important to determine the quality and yield of extracted microRNA. In this study, solid-phase extraction was used to isolate small RNA (? Green II staining. Testing for contamination of any small DNA fragments, RNase and cellular peptides or proteins were systematically carried out. By scanning the gel image obtained from PAGE analysis, the average percentage of total microRNA (19 - 25 nt) in the extracted RNA samples was determined to be equal to 2.3 ± 0.5%. The yield of total microRNA was calculated to be ~0.5ng of microRNA per milligram of frozen mouse brain tissue. In comparison to other methods that require the use of expensive specialized instrumentation, the approach of combining the standard UV absorbance and PAGE analysis represents a simple and viable method for evaluating the quality and yield of microRNA extraction from tissue samples.

关键词： MicroRNA Extraction Tissue

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Mixed Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer’s Type Pathology Mimicking Lewy Body Disease and Its Possible Contribution to Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Patients with Bipolar Disorder/Schizophrenia

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Open Journal of Pathology 2022年第3期12卷 88-99页

作者： Andrey Frolov Lokesh Coomar Miguel A. Guzman john R. Martin iii Center for Anatomical Science and Education Department of Surgery Saint Louis University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO USA Departments of Pathology and Neurology Saint Louis University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO USA

The fast aging human population requires new approaches to reliable diagnosis and proper treatment of dementia in elderly patients with psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). As compared to other psychiatric disorders, BD and SCZ are characterized by increased and similar risk for dementia as well as cerebrovascular (CVD) and Parkinson’s (PD) diseases independent of the patient’s age. There are reports in the literature suggesting BD and SCZ in older patients could cause dementia without contribution from the neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), due to the absence of the known neuropathology associated with cognitive decline in such individuals. This view contradicts a plethora of data highlighting AD as a major cause of dementia in the elderly. This issue was addressed by examining postmortem cerebral pathology in an 83-year-old female diagnosed with BD, SCZ, and PD (D1) and comparing it to that of a second donor (D2), an age-matched male diagnosed with Lewy Body Dementia (LBD). Upon thorough histochemical and immunohistochemical examinations of both brains, the PD and LBD diagnoses in D1 and D2 were not confirmed. Instead, AD-related pathology was observed in both subjects with AD advancing to its clinical stage (mild to moderate) only in D1. Diffuse β-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42) staining, most likely reflecting a presence of the Aβ1-42 soluble form, was also detected in cerebellar neurons and cerebellar extracellular space in D1 and D2. Cerebrovascular pathology was pronounced and distinct in both brains and included amyloid angiopathy, hyaline atherosclerosis, microbleeds, and dilated Virchow Robin spaces in D1 as well as thick-walled blood vessels with microbleeds in D2. It was concluded that a mixed AD and cerebrovascular pathology could mimic Lewy Body Disease and potentially contribute to dementia development in elderly BD and SCZ patients.

关键词： Bipolar Disorder Schizophrenia Alzheimer’s Disease Cerebrovascular Disease Neuropathology

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Saving wild tigers:A case study in biodiversity loss and challenges to be met for recovery beyond 2010

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 285-299页

作者： john SEIDENSTICKER Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological ParkWashingtonDCUSA

Wild tigers are being *** range countries and their partners met at the 1st Asian Ministerial Conference on Tiger Conservation in January 2010 to mandate the creation of the Global Tiger Recovery Program to double the number of tigers by *** 3200-3600 wild adult tigers remain,approximately half of the population estimated a decade *** now live in only 13 countries,all of which are experiencing severe environmental challenges and degradation from the effects of human population growth,brisk economic expansion,rapid urbanization,massive infrastructure development and climate *** overarching challenge of tiger conservation,and the conservation of biodiversity generally,is that there is insufficient demand for the survival of wild tigers living in natural *** allows the criminal activities of poaching wild tigers and their prey and trafficking in tiger derivatives to flourish and tiger landscapes to be *** Global Tiger Recovery Program will support scaling up of practices already proven effective in one or more tiger range countries that need wider policy support,usually resources,and new transnational actions that enhance the effectiveness of individual country *** program is built on robust National Tiger Recovery Priorities that are grouped into themes:(i)strengthening policies that protect tigers;(ii)protecting tiger conservation landscapes;(iii)scientific management and monitoring;(iv)engaging communities;(v)cooperative management of international tiger landscapes;(vi)eliminating transnational illegal wildlife trade;(vii)persuading people to stop consuming tiger;(viii)enhancing professional capacity of policy-makers and practitioners;and(ix)developing sustainable,long-term financing mechanisms for tiger and biodiversity conservation.

关键词： Asia biodiversity Global Tiger Recovery Program Panthera tigris Tiger Conservation Landscape

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Long-Term Drainage and Nitrate Leaching below Well-Drained Continuous Corn Agroecosystems and a Prairie

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第4期5卷 240-254页

作者： Kevin C. Masarik john M. norman Kristofor R. Brye College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Stevens Point USA Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Department of Soil Science University of Wisconsin Madison USA

Many studies have evaluated nitrate-N leaching from tile-drained agricultural soils, but little longterm research has been performed on well-drained soils commonly throughout the Midwest. Equilibrium tension lysimeters installed at a depth of 1.4 m were used to measure year-round (12 month) nitrate-N leaching below chisel-plow (CP) and no-tillage (NT) continuous corn (Zea mays L.) agroecosystems to determine the potential effects of common agricultural practices on subsurface water quality. The corn systems were fertilized at a rate of 10 kg N ha-1 of starter fertilizer and 180 kg N ha-1 as NH4NO3. For comparison, nitrate-N leaching from a natural ecosystem was performed on a nearby prairie restoration (PR). Drainage, nitrate-N leaching loss, and flow-weighted mean nitrate-N concentrations for 8 years of data (1996-2003) are reported for the CP, NT and PR ecosystems. Results show that 52%, 37%, 16% of cumulative precipitation was collected as drainage, while 18%, 19%, 0.5% of the total N input was leached as nitrate-N in the CP, NT, and PR, respectively. Nearly three-quarters of the total nitrate-N was leached from each ecosystem during the period from 1 April to 30 June. The 8-yr, flow-weighted mean nitrate-N concentration measured in leachate was 9.5, 12.2 and -1 for the CP, NT and PR treatments. Annual drainage volumes and nitrate-N leaching losses were highly variable, stressing the importance of long-term studies capable of measuring year-round drainage for understanding N leaching dynamics and evaluating effects of cropping practices on potential groundwater quality.

关键词： Nitrate Leaching Flow-Weighted Mean Concentration Maize Agroecosystems Prairie Ecosystem

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Benchmarking the performance of Bayesian optimization across multiple experimental materials science domains

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1742-1751页

作者： Qiaohao Liang Aldair E.Gongora Zekun Ren Armi Tiihonen Zhe Liu Shijing Sun James R.Deneault Daniil Bash Flore Mekki-Berrada Saif A.Khan Kedar Hippalgaonkar Benji Maruyama Keith A.Brown john Fisher iii Tonio Buonassisi Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMAUnited States Boston University BostonMAUnited States Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology SingaporeSingapore Air Force Research Laboratory DaytonOhioUnited States Agency for Science Technology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore National University of Singapore SingaporeSingapore Present address:Aalto University EspooFinland Present address:Northwestern Polytechincal University(NPU) Xi’anShaanxi P.R.China

Bayesian optimization(BO)has been leveraged for guiding autonomous and high-throughput experiments in materials ***,few have evaluated the efficiency of BO across a broad range of experimental materials *** this work,we quantify the performance of BO with a collection of surrogate model and acquisition function pairs across five diverse experimental materials *** defining acceleration and enhancement metrics for materials optimization objectives,we find that surrogate models such as Gaussian Process(GP)with anisotropic kernels and Random Forest(RF)have comparable performance in BO,and both outperform the commonly used GP with isotropic *** with anisotropic kernels has demonstrated the most robustness,yet RF is a close alternative and warrants more consideration because it is free from distribution assumptions,has smaller time complexity,and requires less effort in initial hyperparameter *** also raise awareness about the benefits of using GP with anisotropic kernels in future materials optimization campaigns.

关键词： optimization performance acceleration

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Computational Tools for the Integrated Design of Advanced Nuclear Reactors

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Engineering 2017年第4期3卷 518-526页

作者： Nicholas W. Touran john Gilleland Graham T. Malmgren Charles Whitmer William H. Gates iii TerraPovcer LLC Bellevue WA 98005 USA

Advanced nuclear reactors offer safe, clean, and reliable energy at the global scale. The development of such devices relies heavily upon computational models, from the pre-conceptual stages through detailed design, licensing, and operation. An integrated reactor modeling framework that enables seamless communication, coupling, automation, and continuous development brings significant new capabilities and efficiencies to the practice of reactor design. In such a system, key performance metrics （e.g., optimal fuel management, peak cladding temperature in design-basis accidents, levelized cost of electricity） can be explicitly linked to design inputs （e.g., assembly duct thickness, tolerances）, enabling an exceptional level of design consistency. Coupled with high-performance computing, thousands of integrated cases can be executed simultaneously to analyze the full system, perform complete sensitivity studies, and efficiently and robustly evaluate various design tradeoffs. TerraPower has developed such a tool-the Advanced Reactor Modeling Interface （ARMI） code system-and has deployed it to support the TerraPower Traveling Wave Reactor design and other innovative energy products currently under development. The ARMI code system employs pre-existing tools with strong pedigrees alongside many new physics and data management modules necessary for innovative design. Verification and validation against previous and new physical measurements, which remain an essential element of any sound design, are being carried out. This paper summarizes the integrated core engineering tools and practices in production at TerraPower.

关键词： Simulation Nuclear energy Electricity generation Advanced reactor Traveling wave reactor

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Lecanemab Unveiled:Exploring Alzheimer’s Treatment Advancements,Assessing Strengths,Limitations,and Its Therapeutic Landscape Position

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期37卷 428-431页

作者： VICTOR Abiola Adepoju OKECHUKWU Innocent Onyezue SAFAYET Jamil OLALEKAN john Okesanya DON Eliseo Lucero-Prisno Ⅲ Department of HIV and Infectious Diseases Jhpiegoan affiliate of John Hopkins UniversityAbujaNigeria Department of Prevention and Community Directorate APIN Public Health InitiativesAbujaNigeria Department of Public Health Daffodil International UniversityDhaka-1216Bangladesh Department of Public Health and Maritime Transport University of ThessalyVolosGreece Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom

In the ever-evolving landscape of Alzheimer’s treatment,lecanemab(Leqembi)has emerged as a promising *** conventional therapies that merely alleviate symptoms,lecanemab is a humanized monoclonal antibody with a distinct *** targets protofibrils,insoluble fibrils,amyloid oligomers,and soluble amyloid-beta protofibrils,which are known to be especially damaging to neurons,with high accuracy.

关键词： Alzheimer amyloid Therapeutic

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Novel approach for evaluation of service reliability for electricity customers

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第9期52卷 2585-2590页

作者： JIANG john N School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of OklahomaNorman OK 73019 USA

Understanding reliability value for electricity customer is important to market-based reliability management. This paper proposes a novel approach to evaluate the reliability for electricity customers by using indifference curve between economic compensation for power interruption and service reliability of electricity. Indifference curve is formed by calculating different planning schemes of network expansion for different reliability requirements of customers, which reveals the information about economic values for different reliability levels for electricity customers, so that the reliability based on market supply demand mechanism can be established and economic signals can be provided for reliability management and enhancement.

关键词： power systems electricity market reliability customers’ outage cost indifference curve

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