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Comparing surface erosion processes in four soils from the loess Plateau under extreme rainfall events

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第4期9卷 520-531页

作者： liying Sun john l.zhou Qiangguo Cai Suxia liu Jingan Xiao Key laboratory of Water Cycle and Related land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney15 BroadwayNSW 2007Australia

This research aims to improve erosion control practice in the loess Plateau,by studying the surface erosion processes,including splash,sheet/interrill and rill erosion in four contrasting soils under high rainfall intensity(120 mm h^(−1))with three-scale indoor artificial *** contrasting soils as sandy loam,sandy clay loam,clay loam and loamy clay were collected from different parts of the loess *** results showed that sediment load was significantly impacted by soil properties in all three *** rate(4.0-21.6 g m^(−2∙)min^(−1))was highest in sandy loam from the north part of the loess Plateau and showed a negative power relation with the mean weight diameter of aggregates after 20 min of rainfall *** average sediment load by sheet/interrill erosion(6.94-42.86 g m^(−2∙)min^(−1))was highest in clay loam from middle part of the loess Plateau,and the stable sediment load after 20 min showed a positive power relation with the silt content in *** average sediment load increased dramatically by rill and interrill erosion(21.03-432.16 g m^(−2∙)min^(−1)),which was highest in loamy clay from south part of the loess *** average sediment load after the occurrence of rill showed a positive power relation with clay content and a negative power relation with soil organic matter *** impacts of slope gradient on the runoff rate and sediment load also changed with soil *** critical factors varied for different processes,which were the aggregate size for splash erosion,the content of silt particles and slope gradient for sheet/interrill erosion,and the content of clay particles,soil organic matter and slope gradient for rill *** on the results of the experiments,specific erosion control practices were proposed by targeting certain erosion processes in areas with different soil texture and different distribution of slope *** findings from this study should support the improvement of erosion

关键词： Soil erosion process Particle size Surface erosion Cropland management loess Plateau

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Phenanthrene sorption to environmental black carbon in sediments from the Song-liao watershed(China)

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第4期3卷 434-442页

作者： Jinghuan ZHANG Mengchang HE Chunye lIN Ke SUN Bin MEN john l.zhou State Key laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Black carbon(BC)in ten contaminated sediments from the Song-liao watershed,NE China,was isolated upon treatments using a combustion method at 375℃,and the isolates’sorption isotherms for phenanthrene(Phen)were *** sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fitted well by the Freundlich model.A negative relation was found between Freundlich sorption nonlinearity parameter(n values)and BC/total organic carbon(TOC)content of the original sediments(r^(2)=0.687,plates from this industrialized region had n values of 0.342 to 0.505 and logKFOC values of 6.02 to 6.42(μg·kg^(–1)·OC^(–1))/(μg·l^(–1))n for *** a given Ce,the BC had higher Koc value than the original sediments,revealing a higher sorption capacity for *** was responsible for 50.0%to 87.3%of the total sorption at Ce=0.05 Sw,clearly indicating the dominance of BC particles in overall sorption of Phen by sediments.

关键词： phenanthrene sorption black carbon sediment Song-liao watershed

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The Decarbonization of Construction—How Can Alkali-Activated Materials Contribute?

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 18-21页

作者： john l.Provis Susan A.Bernal Zuhua Zhang Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of SheffieldSheffield S13JDUK Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSI 5232Switzerland School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK School of Materials Sciences and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

*** and context Enormous emphasis is currently being paid to the decarbonization of the global built environment as a leading priority for the engineering community and related industrial sectors[1].One of the main contributors to the overall emissions footprint of the built environment-and thus a cornerstone of efforts to achieve decarbonization-is the emissions profile of construction materials during their production and *** cement and concrete sector is the largest-volume contributor to the emissions incurred in meeting the world’s construction material needs and is therefore targeted in the discussion of the deep,rapid decarbonization that must be achieved in order to minimize irreversible damage to the Earth and its ecosystems.

关键词： Alkali corners irreversible

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A four-band index for both liquid and solid water and its applications in the Aral Sea Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 769-788页

作者： Bing YUE Xi CHEN Saibo lI Zhengping DU john WIlSON Junhui YANG Yimen JIAO Shuangyan HUANG Chenghu zhou Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

Various investigations have been conducted to analyze the water-coverage area of the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea Basin(ASB). However, the investigations incorporated considerable uncertainty and the used water indices had misclassification problem, which made different research groups present different results. Thus we first ascertain the boundaries of the ASB, the Syr and Amu river basins as well as their upper, middle and lower reaches. Then a four-band index for both liquid and solid water(IlSW) is proposed to address the misclassification problems of the classic water indices. IlSW is calculated by using the reflectance values of the green, red, near infrared, and thermal infrared bands, which combines the normalized difference water index(NDWI) and land surface temperature(lST) together. Validation results show that the IlSW water index has the highest accuracy by far in the Aral Sea Basin. Our results indicate that annual average decline of the water-coverage area was 963 km^(2) in the southern Aral Sea, whereas the northern Aral Sea has experienced little change. In the meanwhile, permanent ice and snow in upper reach of ASB has retreated considerably. Annual retreating rates of the permanent ice and snow were respectively 6233and 3841 km^(2) in upper reaches of Amu river basin(UARB) and Syr river basin(USRB). One of major reasons is that climate has become warmer in ASB. The climate change has caused serious water deficit problem. The water deficit had an increasing trend since the 1990s and its increasing rates was 3.778 billion m^(3) yearly on average. The total water deficit was 76.967 billion m^(3) on average in the whole area of ASB in the 2010s. However, up reaches of Syr river basin(USRB), a component area of ASB, had water surplus of 25.461 billion m^(3). These conclusions are useful for setting out a sustainable development strategy in ASB.

关键词： Aral Sea Basin Syr river basin Amu river basin Water indices Water-coverage area Water deficit Climate change

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Water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols from the resource-dependent cities:Optical properties,chemical compositions and sources

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 74-87页

作者： Haoji Wang Yue Su Yangzheng liu Fei Xie Xingjun zhou Ruihong Yu Changwei lü Jiang He School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Institute of Environmental Geology Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Environmental Monitoring Center of Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010011China

As a vital type of light-absorbing aerosol,brown carbon(BrC)presents inherent associations with atmospheric photochemistry and climate ***,the understanding of the chemical and optical properties of BrC is limited,especially in some resource-dependent cities with long heating periods in northwest *** study showed that the annual average abundances of Water-soluble BrC(WS-BrC)were 9.33±7.42 and 8.69±6.29μg/m^(3)in Baotou and Wuhai and the concentrations,absorption coefficient(Abs_(365)),and mass absorption efficiency(MAE365)of WS-BrC presented significant seasonal patterns,with high values in the heating season and low values in the non-heating season;while showing opposite seasonal trends for the Absorption Angstr?m exponent(AAE_(300-400)).Comparatively,the levels of WS-BrC in developing regions(such as cities in Asia)were higher than those in developed regions(such as cities in Europe and Australia),indicating the significant differences in energy consumption in these *** combining fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM)spectra with the parallel factor(PARAFAC)model,humic-like(C1 and C2)and proteinlike(C3)substances were identified,and accounted for 61.40%±4.66%and 38.6%±3.78%at Baotou,and 60.33%±6.29%and 39.67%±4.17%at Wuhai,*** results of source apportionment suggested that the potential source regions of WS-BrC varied in heating ***-heating seasons and that the properties of WS-BrC significantly depended on primary emissions(e.g.,combustion emissions)and secondary formation.

关键词： Water-soluble brown carbon Atmospheric aerosols Optical properties PARAFAC Source apportionment

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Photo-responsive functional materials based on light-driven molecular motors

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 407-420页

作者： Yanping Deng Guiying long Yang Zhang Wei Zhao Guofu zhou Ben l.Feringa Jiawen Chen SCNU-UG International Joint laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AG GroningenThe Netherlands

In the past two decades,the research and development of light-triggered molecular machines have mainly focused on developing molecular devices at the nanoscale.A key scientific issue in the field is how to amplify the controlled motion of molecules at the nanoscale along multiple length scales,such as the mesoscopic or the macroscopic scale,or in a more practical perspective,how to convert molecular motion into changes of properties of a macroscopic ***-driven molecular motors are able to perform repetitive unidirectional rotation upon irradiation,which offers unique opportunities for responsive macroscopic *** several reviews that focus on the design,synthesis and operation of the motors at the nanoscale,photo-responsive macroscopic materials based on light-driven molecular motors have not been comprehensively *** the present review,we first discuss the strategy of confining absolute molecular rotation into relative rotation by grafting motors on ***,examples of self-assemble motors in supramolecular polymers with high internal order are ***,we will focus on building of motors in a covalently linked system such as polymeric gels and polymeric liquid crystals to generate complex responsive ***,a perspective toward future developments and opportunities is *** review helps us getting a more and more clear picture and understanding on how complex movement can be programmed in light-responsive systems and how man-made adaptive materials can be invented,which can serve as an important guideline for further design of complex and advanced responsive materials.

关键词： functions materials material

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SPARSE RECOVERY BASED ON THE GENERAlIZED ERROR FUNCTION

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期42卷 679-704页

作者： Zhiyong zhou Department of Statistics and Data Science and Institute of Digital FinanceHangzhou City UniversityHangzhou 310015China

In this paper,we offer a new sparse recovery strategy based on the generalized error *** introduced penalty function involves both the shape and the scale parameters,making it extremely *** both constrained and unconstrained models,the theoretical analysis results in terms of the null space property,the spherical section property and the restricted invertibility factor are *** practical algorithms via both the iteratively reweighted■_(1)and the difference of convex functions algorithms are *** experiments are carried out to demonstrate the benefits of the suggested approach in a variety of *** practical application in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)reconstruction is also investigated.

关键词： Sparse recovery Generalized error function Nonconvex regularization Itera-tive reweighted li Difference of convex functions algorithms

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The Making of a Health Profession:How Chinese Medicine Became a Nationally Registered Allied Health Profession in Australia

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： john l McDonald Judy B James School of Chinese Medicine Endeavour College of Natural HealthSouthport 4215Australia Acupuncture Now Australia Brisbane 4120Australia

In 2012, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) practitioners in Australia became nationally-registered allied health professionals in three categories: acupuncturist, Chinese herbal medicine practitioner, and Chinese herbal medicine dispenser. Australia was the first Western country to introduce national registration for Chinese medicine, followed by Portugal and, recently, New Zealand. The practice of TCM in Australia can be traced back to the beginning of Chinese immigration to Australia during the Victorian Gold Rush which began in the 1850s. The process which led to national registration commenced in the early 1970s with the establishment of the first acupuncture courses. Decades of gradual development of courses from unaccredited part-time diplomas to accredited bachelor degrees, and the development, by the profession, of national consensus on educational standards were essential elements in the process which led to registration. Professional associations, such as the Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association ltd.(AACMA), also developed a framework of professional selfregulation, including Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing professional development requirements and Infection Control Guidelines, and provided leadership in the development of the profession. After decades of tribalism and division within the TCM profession, the National Academic Standards Committee brought almost all stakeholders together to reach a consensus on the Australian Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Education which were published by AACMA in 2001. Professional associations also collaborated on joint submissions to the government in support of registration, which was introduced first in the state of Victoria in 2000, and subsequently became national in 2012. Despite national registration, some barriers still remain, and professional associations continue to lobby the federal government for inclusion in Medicare, chronic disease management scheme, and Veterans

关键词： Acupuncture Chinese medicine Registration Regulation Education Standards Australia TCM

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Robust Machine learning Mapping of sEMG Signals to Future Actuator Commands in Biomechatronic Devices

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 270-287页

作者： Ali Nasr Sydney Bell Rachel l.Whittaker Clark R.Dickerson john McPhee Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L3G3Canada

A machine learning model for regression of interrupted Surface Electromyography(sEMG)signals to future control-oriented signals(e.g.,robot’s joint angle and assistive torque)of an active biomechatronic device for high-level myoelectric-based hierarchical control is proposed.A Recurrent Neural Network(RNN)was trained using output data,initially obtained from offline optimization of the biomechatronic(human–robot)device and shifted by the prediction *** input of the RNN consisted of interrupted sEMG signals(to mimic signal disconnections)and previous kinematic signals of the assistive *** RNN with a 0.1-s prediction horizon could predict the control-oriented joint angle and assistive torque with 92%and 86.5%regression accuracy,respectively,for the test *** proposed approach permits a fast,predictive,and direct estimation of control-oriented signals instead of an iterative process that optimizes assistive torque in the inverse dynamic simulation of a multibody human–robot *** with these interrupted input signals significantly improves the regression accuracy in the case of sEMG signal *** Robust Predictive Control-oriented Machine learning(Robust-MuscleNET)model can support volitional high-level myoelectric-based control of biomechatronic devices,such as exoskeletons,prostheses,and assistive/resistive *** work should study the application to prosthesis control as well as the repeatability of the high-level controller with electrode *** low-level hierarchical controller that manages the human–robot interaction,the assistance/resistance strategy,and the actuator coordination should also be studied.

关键词： Myoelectric-based control-Surface electromyography Machine learning Multibody system dynamics Exoskeleton Bionic

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Effect of CO_(2) Opposing Multiple Jets on Thermoacoustic Instability and NO_(x) Emissions in a lean-Premixed Model Combustor

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 207-221页

作者： zhou Hao HU liubin Institute for Thermal Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy UtilizationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

This paper experimentally studied the effect of CO_(2) opposing multiple jets on the thermoacoustic instability and NO_(x) emissions in a lean-premixed model *** feasibility was verified from three variables:the CO_(2) jet flow rate,hole numbers,and hole diameters of the *** indicate that the control effect of thermoacoustic instability and NO_x emissions show a reverse trend with the increase of open area ratio on the whole,and the optimal jet flow rate range is 1-4 l/min with CO_(2) opposing multiple *** this flow rate range,the amplitude and frequency of the dynamic pressure and heat release signals CH~* basically decrease as the CO_(2) flow rate increases,which avoids high-frequency and high-amplitude thermoacoustic *** amplitude-damped ratio of dynamic pressure and CH*can reach as high as 98.75% and 93.64% with an optimal open area ratio of 3.72%.NO_(x) emissions also decrease as the jet flow rate increases,and the maximum suppression ratio can reach 68.14%.Besides,the flame shape changes from a steep inverted "V" to a more flat "M",and the flame length will become shorter with CO_(2) opposing multiple *** research achieved the synchronous control of thermoacoustic instability and NO_(x) emissions,which could be a design reference for constructing a safer and cleaner combustor.

关键词： thermoacoustic instability lean-premixed model combustor CO_(2)opposing multiple jets open area ratio NO_(x)emissions

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