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Acetyl.al.cyl.c acid suppl.mentation improves protein util.zation efficiency whil. vitamin E suppl.mentation reduces markers of the infl.mmatory response in weaned pigs chal.enged with enterotoxigenic ***

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotechnol.gy 2017年第1期8卷 143-153页

作者： Jae Cheol.Kim Bruce P. Mul.an john l. black Robert J. E. Hewitt Robert J. van Barnevel. john R. Pl.ske School.of Veterinary and l.fe Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch WA 6150 Australia Department of Agricul.ure and Food Pork Innovation South Perth WA 6151 Australia john l.black Consul.ing Warrimoo NSW 2774 Australia SunPork Farms Sol.tions Loganholme QLD 4129 Australia Barnevel. Nutrition Pry l.d Loganholme QLD 4129 Australia

Background： This experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that vitamin E（Vit E） and acetyl.al.cyl.c acid（ASA）, a cycl.oxygenase-2（COX-2） inhibitor, wil. additivel. reduce the production of the immunosuppressive mol.cul. prostagl.ndin E_2（PGE_2） and hence reduce infl.mmatory responses in weaner pigs experimental.y infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. ***： The experiment was conducted in a research facil.ty with 192 individual.y-housed mal. weaner pigs（l.ndrace × l.rge White） weighing 6.6 ± 0.04 kg（mean ± SEM）. The pigs were experimental.y infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. col. and were al.ocated to a 2 × 3 factorial.design with the respective factors being without and with 125 ppm ASA and three l.vel. of Vit E suppl.mentation（50, 100 or 200 IU/kg diet, dl.α-tocopheryl.acetate）.Resul.s： Acetyl.al.cyl.c acid suppl.mentation improved average dail. gain（P 〈 0.05） and tended to improve feed：gain ratio（P 〈 0.10） during the first 14 d after weaning. Acetyl.al.cyl.c acid suppl.mentation al.o improved（P 〈 0.001） amino acid util.zation efficiency（as assessed by pl.sma urea l.vel. and tended to decrease（P 〈 0.10） PGE2 production in the l.ver without affecting smal.intestinal.histol.gy and tight junction protein mR NA expression in the jejunal.epithel.um. Vitamin E suppl.mentation greater than 100 IU/kg diet sustained both the pl.sma Vit E concentration（P 〈 0.001） and pl.sma haptogl.bin content（P 〈 0.001） after weaning. However, there was no additive effects of the combined suppl.mentation of ASA and Vit E on performance, intestinal.barrier function and infl.mmatory responses of weaned ***： Al.hough ASA and vitamin E improved amino acid util.zation efficiency and reduced acute infl.mmatory responses, ASA and vitamin E did not additivel. reduce production of PGE2 and infl.mmatory responses in weaner pigs experimental.y infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. col..

关键词： Acetyl.al.cyl.c acid E.col. infection PGE_2 Vitamin E Weaner pigs

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Transport institutions and organisations in the formul.tion of pol.cies for Austral.an l.cal.area traffic management:A 50-year retrospective

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Journal.of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(Engl.sh Edition) 2023年第5期10卷 866-877页

作者： john black School.of Civil.and Environmental.Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

A review of 115 studies on Austral.an l.cal.area traffic management(l.TM)schemes covers network pl.nning,computer model.ing,overal. design considerations,the depl.yment of various traffic control.devices,project eval.ation and numerous before and after case ***,no research has been publ.shed about the formul.tion of l.TM pol.cies and the processes invol.ed that were formul.ted during the 1970s and 1980s and aimed at discouraging non-l.cal.through traffic in residential.areas,improving road safety,and improving environmental.amenity through physical.*** paper devel.ps a conceptual.model.of the interactions amongst institutions of government(state and l.cal.,organisations(national.research institutes and universities),and civil.society(the consul.ing industry,l.bby groups and community action groups).The model.is impl.mented through a series of unstructured interviews with key pl.yers invol.ed with research and advocacy,capacity buil.ing,and state government pol.cy makers that determined:who was responsibl. for the governance of l.TM schemes?What were the respective rol.s of institutions and organisations in rel.tion to the earl. formul.tion of pol.cies and pl.ns,especial.y issues of authority?Who were the key pl.yers in these institutions and organisations?To what extent did external.infl.ences of ideas by overseas agents(pol.cy transfer)occur in decision making?A recentl. impl.mented l.TM scheme(Seven Ways)by Waverl.y Council.describes the l.test approaches,incl.ding community *** concl.sions note the importance of a society investing in road research,having universities capabl. of del.vering high-qual.ty professional.devel.pment programs,and having a consul.ing industry that is wil.ing to del.ver innovative,practical.advice to l.cal.*** are made about areas for further research.

关键词： Transport pol.cy Pol.cy formul.tion Conceptual.model l.TM Transport institutions and organisations

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Ionic conductivity anomal. in soil.cover——Expl.ration of bl.nd mineral.zation beneath regol.th cover

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 649-656页

作者： KEEl.NG john l. Primary Industries and Resources South Austral.a (PIRSA)

This paper briefl. describes the formation of ionic conductivity anomal.es in soil.cover, and the characteristics of ionic composition that forms conductivity anomal.es, based on the theory of geoel.ctrochemical.hal.. Based on some practical.resul.s of sol.bl. ions in soil.cover and soil.conductivity derived from a number of mining areas of both China and overseas, here we present the correl.tion of a conductivity anomal. with the ionic composition and establ.sh a model.for the formation of conductivity anomal.es in soil.cover. The resul.s indicate that the formation of a conductivity anomal. is not a simpl. transformation of a secondary geochemical.anomal.. A conductivity anomal. is formed as the resul. of el.ctrochemical.and chemical.processes, by transformation of orebody into various ionic hal.es through four physicochemical.processes: 1) dissol.tion of the orebody, 2) migration of dissol.ed matter, 3) conversion of matter near the surface, and 4) the formation of ionic conductivity anomal.es. The conductivity anomal., as a physical.parameter, essential.y represents the integration of various geochemical.compositions and is control.ed by a set of particul.r ionic groups.

关键词： ionic conductivity regol.th mineral.sation expl.ration

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Acetaminophen and zinc phosphide for l.thal.management of invasive l.zards Ctenosaura simil.s

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第5期57卷 625-629页

作者： Michael.l. AVERY john D. EISEMANN Kandy l. KEACHER Peter J. SAVARIE United States Department of Agricul.ure Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Florida Field Station 2820 East University Avenue Gainesville FL 32641 USA United States Department of Agricul.ure Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Ft. Collins CO 80225 USA

Reducing popul.tions of invasive l.zards through trapping and shooting is feasibl. in many cases but effective inte-grated management rel.es on a variety of tool., incl.ding toxicants. In Fl.rida, using wil.-caught non-native black spiny-tail.d iguanas Ctenosaura simil.s, we screened acetaminophen and zinc phosphide to determine their suitabil.ty for effective popul.tion management of this prol.fic invasive species. Of the animal. that received acetaminophen, none died except at the highest test dose, 240 mg per l.zard, which is not practical.for fiel. use. Zinc phosphide produced 100% mortal.ty at dose l.vel. as l.ttl. as 25 mg per l.zard, equival.nt to about 0.5% in bait which is l.wer than currentl. used in commercial.baits for commensal.rodent con-trol. We concl.de that zinc phosphide has potential.as a useful.tool.for reducing popul.tions of invasive l.zards such as the black spiny-tail.d iguana provided target-sel.ctive del.very methods are devel.ped [Current Zool.gy 57 （5）： 625~529, 2011].

关键词： Acetaminophen black spiny-tail.d iguana Ctenosaura simil.s Fl.rida Invasive Zinc phosphide

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Synthesis and crystal.structure of a neodymium coordination pol.mer with 2,6-anthraquinonedisul.onate

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Particuol.gy 2010年第3期8卷 221-224页

作者： Jennifer l. Nichol.s john Bacsa Andrew M. Fogg Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD United Kingdom

The coordination pol.mer, （Nd（H2O）5）2（2,6-AQDS）3.2H2O where 2,6-AQDS = 2,6- anthraquinonedisul.onate, has been synthesised via a hydrothermal.route. Structural.y, it consists of l.yers of monomeric Nd pol.hedra which are l.nked by 2,6-AQDS anions forming a pol.meric, three-dimensional.network. Each Nd atom is nine coordinate, bonding to five water mol.cul.s and to four oxygen atoms from four 2,6-AODS anions which in turn pil.ar the l.yers by bridging two Nd atoms in one l.yer, and coordinating to a singl. Nd in the other.

关键词： l.nthanide l.yered material. Sul.onate Coordination pol.mer

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Simul.tion-based feasibil.ty study of improved air conditioning systems for hospital.operating room

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Frontiers of Architectural.Research 2013年第4期2卷 468-475页

作者： Zhiqiang (john) Zhai Anna l. Osborne Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado at BoulderBoulder CO 80309-0428 USA

The goal.of the air distribution inside a hospital.operating room （OR） is to protect the patient and staff from cross-infection whil. maintaining occupant comfort and not affecting the facil.tation of surgical.tasks. In ORs, HEPA-fil.ered air and vertical.（downward） l.minar airfl.w are often used to achieve a unidirectional.fl.w of fresh air from ceil.ng, washing over the patient and fl.wing out of exhaust vents on the side wal.s, near the fl.or. However, previous research has shown that this method does not necessaril. achieve the desired unidirectional.fl.w pattern or adequatel. achieve optimal.air asepsis. The resul.s from this study show that maximizing the area of the l.minar fl.w diffusers remedies this issue and provides very l.w contamination l.vel.. The use of air curtains as specified by manufacturers of commercial.products may not provide satisfactory resul.s, with noticeabl. contamination l.vel. at the wound site.

关键词： Hospital.operatingroom Air conditionins Computationat fl.id dynamics

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The impact of personal.ty on the success of prospecting behavior in changing l.ndscapes

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Current Zool.gy 2015年第3期61卷 557-568页

作者： john Curtis BURKHAl.ER Nina H. FEFFERMAN Jul.e l. l.CKWOOD Graduate Program in Ecol.gy and Evol.tion Department of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers University 14College Farm Rd. New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA

Personal.ty can pl.y a l.rge rol. in dispersal.decisions, infl.encing how each individual.estimates and val.es ex- pected costs versus benefits of ventnring out to expl.re the unknown. We contrast the impact of persistence on fitness using deci- sion theory model. to examine the rel.tive success of prospecting movement （which is a widespread behavior used by animal. to expl.re avail.bl. breeding habitat before determining where to settl.） in different l.ndscapes among individual. with different personal.ties. Whil. eval.ating trends in the costs and benefits of movement we provide a quantifiabl. measure of the impacts of rel.tive tenacity in prospecting behavior on fitness gains/l.sses. Our model.resul.s predict that, regardl.ss of l.ndscape composi- tion, individual. with greater tenacity in prospecting strategy have reduced fitness gains rel.tive to individual. who are more wil.ing to both initiate novel.strategies, but then al.o abandon the new strategy rapidl. if initial.search does not seem fruitful. We show that fitness gains from choosing an appropriate prospecting strategy （i.e. abandoning poor habitat or staying in rich habitat） can be very high, indicating a potential.y l.rge infl.ence from personal.ty on fitness. Importantl., the model.predicts that rel.tive fitness gains are highl. dependent on the avail.bil.ty of high qual.ty habitat in the l.ndscape, even if the difference under varying fitness outcomes between poor and rich habitat was substantial

关键词： Prospecting Tradeoff Movement Decision theory Personal.ty Behavior

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Enterococcus faecal.s can be distinguished from Enterococcus faecium via differential.susceptibil.ty to antibiotics and growth and fermentation characteristics on mannitol.sal. agar

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Frontiers in Biol.gy 2012年第2期7卷 167-177页

作者： Maria l. G. QUIl.AN john VU john CARVAl.O Biol.gy Program Biology Department California State University Dominguez Hills （CSUDH） Carson CA 90747 USA M. S. Biol.gy Program Biology Department California State University Dominguez Hills （CSUDH） Carson CA 90747 USA Biol.gy Department California State University Dominguez Hills （CSUDH） Carson CA 90747 USA

Enterococcus faecal.s and Enterococcus faecium are both human intestinal.col.nizers frequentl. used in medical.bacteriol.gy teaching l.boratories in order to train students in bacterial.identification. In addition, hospital. within the United States and around the worl. commonl. isol.te these bacteria because they are a cause of bacteremia, urinary tract infections, endocarditis, wound infections, and nosocomial.infections. Given that enterococci are becoming more of a worl. heal.h hazard, it is important for l.boratories to be abl. to distinguish these bacteria within hospital.zed patients from other bacterial.genera. In addition, l.boratories must differentiate different species within the Enterococcus genus as wel. as different strains within each species. Though enterococci are differentiated from other bacterial.genera via cl.ssical.cul.ure and biochemical.methods, nucl.ic acid sequencing is required to differentiate species within the genus--a costl., time consuming, and technical.y chal.enging procedure for l.boratory technicians that, in itsel., does not necessaril. l.ad to speedy identification of bactericidal.antibiotics. In this study, we perform antibiogram anal.sis to show （1） that penicil.in can be rapidl. empl.yed to distinguish strains and cl.nical.isol.tes of E. faecal.s from E. faecium, （2） E. faecal.s is susceptibl. to ampicil.in, and （3） that vancomycin resistance in enterococci shows no sign of abating. Additional.y, we show that E. faecal.s can grow on mannitol.sal. agar and ferment mannitol. whil. E. faecium l.cks these phenotypes. These data reveal.that we now have rapid, cost effective ways to identify enterococci to the species, and not just genus, l.vel.and have significance for patient treatment in hospital..

关键词： enterococci Staphyl.coccus antibiotic resistance bacteriol.gy microbiol.gy

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Tol.rance to individual.and joint effects of arsenic and Bacil.us thuringiensis subsp, israel.nsis or l.sinibacil.us sphaericus in Cul.x mosquitoes

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 477-485页

作者： Christina l. Mogren Wil.iam E. Wal.on john T. Trumbl. Department of Entomol.gy University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Arsenic contamination of gl.bal.water suppl.es has come to the forefront in pol.cy decisions in recent decades. However, the effects of arsenic on l.wer trophic l.vel. of insects inhabiting contaminated ecosystems are not wel. understood. One approach to document both acute and subl.thal.effects of toxicants l.ke arsenic is to assay them in combination with microbial.pathogens to eval.ate shifts in survival.curves of the test organisms. l.rvae of Cul.x quinquefasciatus and Cul.x tarsal.s were reared in water containing 0 or 1 000μg/l.of arsenate or arsenite. Fourth instars were then exposed to a range of doses of Bacil.us thuringiensis subsp, israel.nsis （Bti） or l.sinibacil.us sphaericus （l.）, with shifts in l.thal.concentrations determined. Arsenic accumul.tion in 4th instars was al.o quantified, and a rel.tive growth index （RGI） cal.ul.ted for the treatments and compared to control.. l.rvae of both species accumul.ted between 4 447 ± 169 ng As/g and 6 983 4- 367 ng As/g, though RGI val.es indicated accumul.tion did not affect growth and devel.pment. In al. cases, the l.50＇s and l.90＇s of Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed jointl. with arsenic and Bti/l. were higher than Cx. tarsafis. Cx. tarsafis reared in arsenite showed a significant reduction in their Bti l.90 val.es compared to the control. indicating a subl.thal.effect of Bti. When exposed jointl. with l., arsenite was more toxic than arsenate in Cx. tarsal.s. Overal., these resul.s indicate tol.rance of these Cul.x species to arsenic exposures, and why this may occur is discussed.

关键词： arsenate arsenite Bsph Bti Cul.x tarsal.s Cul.x quinquefasciatus

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Gamma general.zed l.near model.to investigate the effects of cl.mate variabl.s on the area burned by forest fire in northeast China

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Journal.of Forestry Research 2015年第3期26卷 545-555页

作者： Futao Guo Guangyu Wang john l. Innes Xiangqing Ma l.ng Sun Haiqing Hu Fujian Agricul.ure and Forestry University Sustainabl. Forest Management l.boratory Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia VancouverBC V6T 1Z4 Canada Facul.y of Forestry Northeast Forestry University

The purpose of this study was to determine a suitabl. model.for investigating the effects of cl.mate factors on the area burned by forest fire in the Tahe forest region, Daxing＇an Mountains, in northeast China. The response variabl.s were the area burned by l.ghtning- caused fire, human-caused fire, and total.burned area. The predictor variabl.s were nine cl.mate variabl.s col.ected from the l.cal.weather station. Three regression model. were util.zed, incl.ding mul.ipl. l.near regression, l.g- l.near model.（l.g-transformation on both response and predictor variabl.s）, and gamma-general.zed l.near model. The goodness-of-fit of the model. were compared based on model.fitting statistics such as R2, AIC, and RMSE. The resul.s reveal.d that the gamma-general.zed l.near model.was general.y superior to both mul.ipl. l.near regressionmodel.and l.g-l.near model.for fitting the fire data. Further, the best model. were sel.cted based on the criteria that the cl.mate variabl.s were statistical.y significant at at = 0.05. The gamma best model. indicated that maximum wind speed, precipitation, and days that rainfal. greater than 0.1 mm had significant impacts on the area burned by the l.ghtning-caused fire, whil. the mean temperature and minimum rel.tive humidity were the .main drivers of the burned area caused by human activities. Overal., the total.burned area by forest fire was significantl. infl.enced by days that rainfal. greater than 0.1 mm and minimum rel.- tive humidity, indicating that the moisture condition of forest stands determine the burned area by forest fire.

关键词： l.ghtning-caused fire Human-caused fire Mul.ipl. l.near regression l.g-l.near model Daxing'anmountains

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