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Risk f.ctors f.r Hospitalization Due to Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Patients in Northeast Thailand

Journal of.Diabetes Mellitus 2014年第3期4卷 165-171页

作者： Thuanjai Poosakaew Pattapong Kesssomboon john f. smith Department of.Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand

Background: Hypoglycemia among diabetic patients is a major complication, which results in high morbidity and mortality. Hospitalization provides the inadequate patient care and management. Objective: The aim of.this study was to determine the potential risk f.ctors f.r hospitalization due to hypoglycemia among diabetic patients. Method: In a case-control study, the cases were diabetic patients admitted due to hypoglycemia. Controls were diabetic patients admitted f.r other reasons. The cases and control subjects were recruited f.om the inpatient department of.the middle level hospital in Northeast Thailand. The total sample size was 360 patients who met the criteria and had been hospitalized. The number of.case was 90, and the number of.controls was 270. The data were analyzed by determining the adjusted odds ratio, and 95% conf.dence interval of.the ORs using multiple logistic regression models. Results: Using a multivariate logistic regression model, f.ve variables were signif.cantly associated with hospitalization due to hypoglycemia among diabetic patients: 1) patients who received insulin injections (AOR = 20.75;95% CI: 4.7 - 91.41;p = 0.001);2) patients who did not carry sugar candy or a dessert with them at all times (AOR = 13.89;95% CI: 1.92 - 100.31;p = 0.01);3) patients with an occurrence of.hypoglycemia at least once a week at home(AOR = 8.83;95% CI: 2.58 - 30.20;p = 0.001);4) patients who were adjusted f.r doses of.medication on their own (AOR = 6.62;95% CI: 1.30 - 33.70;p = 0.02);and 5) patients who lacked knowledge did not understand the causes and symptoms of.low blood sugar (AOR = 7.97;95% CI: 1.97 - 32.22;p = 0.001). Conclusion: Receiving insulin injection and poor knowledge and self.care of.hypoglycemia prevention were the best predictors of.hospitalization due to hypoglycemia among diabetic patients. These f.ctors need to be adequately addressed in order to provide better care and management to prevent hospitalization among diabetic patients.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Hypoglycemia Hospitalization Risk f.ctors

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A stability evaluation method f.r deep-seated toppling in the upper Lancang river,Southwestern China

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Journal of.Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2388-2410页

作者： Yibing Ning Huiming Tang Jianbing Peng Yanjun Shen john V.smith Bocheng Zhang College of.Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Academy of.Yellow River Sciences of.Shaanxi Province Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Badong National Observation and Research Station of.Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of.Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourne3001Australia

Deep-seated toppling in the upper reaches of.the Lancang River,southwest China involves def.rmations exceeding 100 m in *** slope def.rmation is initiated by river downcutting and evolves distinctive characteristics with a depth of.river *** this study,we propose a system f.r evaluating the stability of.deep-seated toppled slopes in dif.erent evolutionary *** system contains identif.cation criteria f.r each evolutionary stage and provides the corresponding stability evaluation *** on the mechanical and kinematic analysis of.slope blocks,the specif.c stage of.slope movement can be identif.ed in the f.eld through outcrop mapping,in situ tests,surf.ce displacement monitoring,and adit and borehole *** stability evaluation methods are established based on the limiting equilibrium theory and the strain compatibility between the undisturbed zone and the toppled ***,several sample slopes in dif.erent evolution stages have been investigated to verif. the applicability and accuracy of.the proposed stability evaluation *** results indicate that intense tectonic activity and rapid river incision lead to a maximum principal stress ratio exceeding 10 near the slope surf.ce,thus triggering widespread toppling def.rmations along the river *** considering the losses of.joint cohesion during the f.rther rotation process,the saf.ty f.ctor of.the slope drops by 7%e28%.The self.stabilization of.toppling def.rmation can be recognized by the layer symmetry conf.guration af.er the f.ee rotation of.the def.ected *** toppled rock blocks mainly suf.er sliding f.ilures beyond the layer symmetry *** f.ctor of.saf.ty of.the K73 rockslide decreased f.om 1.17 to 0.87 by considering the development of.the potential sliding surf.ce and the toesaturated zone.

关键词： Stability evaluation Deep-seated toppling Evolutionary process Reservoir impoundment Rock slope

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Transf.rmer f.r the Design of.Automatic Control Systems with Pref.lters

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World Journal of.Engineering and Technology 2024年第3期12卷 575-586页

作者： Isaac Hughes john f. O’Brien Department of.Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wyoming Laramie USA

A machine learning model, using the transf.rmer architecture, is used to design a f.edback compensator and pref.lter f.r various simulated plants. The output of.the transf.rmer is a sequence of.compensator and pref.lter parameters. The compensator and pref.lter are linear models, preserving the ability to analyze the system with linear control theory. The input to the network is a window of.recent ref.rence and output samples. The goal of.the transf.rmer is to minimize tracking error at each time step. The plants under consideration range f.om simple to challenging. The more dif.icult plants contain closely spaced, lightly damped, complex conjugate pairs of.poles and zeros. Results are compared to PID controllers tuned f.r a similar crossover f.equency and optimal phase margin. f.r simple plants, the transf.rmer converges to solutions which overly rely on the pref.lter, neglecting the maximization of.negative f.edback. f.r more complex plants, the transf.rmer designs a compensator and pref.lter with more desirable qualities. In all cases, the transf.rmer can start with random model parameters and modif. them to minimize tracking error on the step ref.rence.

关键词： f.edback Machine Learning Compensator Design

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Comparisons of.oxbow lake f.sh assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eggleton Cody J.Salzmann Joseph E.Kaiser Shannon C.f.smith Department of.Aquaculture and f.sheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and f.sh Commission Virginia Institute of.Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) f.sh assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) f.sh assemblages. f.sh assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrof.shing, mini-f.ke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that f.sh assemblage indices of.richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were of.en greater(P f.ected by boat electrof.shing and experimental gill nets. However, all indices were generally similar(P > 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with f.sh assemblages depicted using mini-f.ke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that f.sh assemblages dif.ered structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage dif.erences were linked to both small and large abundance changes f.r more than 20 species. Abundances of.gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunf.sh(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of.weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunf.sh(L. megalotis), buf.alof.shes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shif.s were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of.an appropriate ref.rence system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of.these carps is one of.the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species f.sh assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

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Telomeric DNA breaks in human induced pluripotent stem cells trigger ATR-mediated arrest and telomerase-independent telomere damage repair

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Journal of.Molecular Cell Biology 2024年第3期16卷 46-60页

作者： Katrina N.Estep john W.Tobias Raf.el J.f.rnandez Brinley M.Beveridge f.Brad johnson Department of.Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Quantiative Biosciences Merck&Co.Inc.West PointPA 19486USA Penn Genomic Analysis Core University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Although mechanisms of.telomere protection are well-def.ned in dif.erentiated cells,how stem cells sense and respond to telomere dysf.nction,in particular telomeric double-strand breaks(DSBs),is poorly ***,we report the DNA damage signaling,cell cycle,and transcriptome changes in human induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)in response to telomere-internal *** engineer human iPSCs with an inducible TRf.-f.kI f.sion protein to acutely induce DSBs at *** this model,we demonstrate that TRf.-f.kI DSBs activate an ATR-dependent DNA damage response,which leads to p53-independent cell cycle arrest in *** CRISPR–Cas9 to cripple the catalytic domain of.telomerase reverse transcriptase,we show that telomerase is largely dispensable f.r survival and lengthening of.TRf.-f.kI-cleaved telomeres,which instead are ef.ectively repaired by robust homologous recombination(HR).In contrast to HR-based telomere maintenance in mouse embryonic stem cells,where HR causes ZSCAN4-dependent extension of.telomeres beyond their initial lengths,HR-based repair of.telomeric breaks is suf.icient to maintain iPSC telomeres at a normal length,which is compatible with sustained survival of.the cells over several days of.TRf.-f.kI *** f.ndings suggest a previously unappreciated role f.r HR in telomere maintenance in telomerase-positive iPSCs and reveal distinct iPSC-specif.c responses to targeted telomeric DNA damage.

关键词： telomeres telomerase alternative lengthening of.telomeres pluripotent stem cells DNA damage double-strand breaks

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Boron neutron capture therapy of.cancer:where do we stand now?

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Cancer Communications 2024年第8期44卷 889-892页

作者： Rolf.f.Barth Gong Wu Maria da Graca H.Vicente john C Grecula Nilendu Gupta Department of.Pathology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics f.cility The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Department of.Chemistry Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA Department of.Radiation Oncology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA

1 INTRODUCTION,This is the third Editorial/Commentary that one of.us(***)has written relating to boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)[1,2].f.r those readers who are unf.miliar with BNCT we would ref.r them to several recent comprehensive reviews[3–5].The second Editorial ended on a hopef.l note that with the introduction of.acceleratorbased neutron sources(ABNSs),BNCT would enter into the mainstream of.radiation therapy[2].

关键词： boron 1,2 neutron

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National trends in sexual intercourse and usage of.contraception among Korean adolescents

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World Journal of.Pediatrics 2024年第9期20卷 935-948页

作者： Jun Hyuk Lee Myeongcheol Lee Hojae Lee Jaeyu Park Sunyoung Kim Ai Koyanagi Lee smith Min Seo Kim Guillermo f.López Sánchez Elena Dragioti Masoud Rahmati Jiseung Kang Hans Oh Dong Keon Yon Center f.r Digital Health Medical Science Research InstituteKyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea Health and Human Science University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of.Regulatory Science Kyung Hee UniversitySeoulSouth Korea Department of.f.mily Medicine Kyung Hee University Medical CenterKyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea Research and Development Unit Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de DeuBarcelonaSpain Centre f.r Health Performance and WellbeingAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridgeUK Cardiovascular Disease Initiative Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA Division of.Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department of Public Health SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of MurciaMurciaSpain Pain and Rehabilitation Centre Department of Medical and Health SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden Research Laboratory Psychology of.Patients Department of NursingSchool of Health SciencesFamiliesand Health ProfessionalsUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece Department of.Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty of Literature and Human SciencesLorestan UniversityKhoramabadIran Department of.Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty of Literature and HumanitiesVali-E-Asr University of RafsanjanRafsanjanIran Department of.Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts GeneralHospitalBostonMAUSA Division of.Sleep Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Suzanne Dworak Peck School of.Social Work University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of.Pediatrics Kyung Hee University College of Medicine23 Kyungheedae-RoDongdaemun-guSeoul02447South Korea Present Address:CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of.Lif. Center Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance

Background The exact inf.uence of.the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual intercourse and usage of.contraception remains largely uncharted *** bridge this gap in knowledge,we conducted a comprehensive,cross-sectional examination of.long-term trends in the prevalence of.sexual intercourse and usage of.contraception among South Korean adolescents f.om 2006 to *** In our research,we drew upon data encompassing 1,138,799 South Korean adolescents aged 12 to 18 years,derived f.om the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey(KYRBS)over a period spanning f.om 2006 to *** f.cused on the prevalence of.sexual intercourse,contraception utilization,and the underlying associated f.ctors among this *** KYRBS data was collected using a complex sampling strategy to determine the national prevalence estimates and shif.s in prevalence bef.re(2006-2019)and during(2020-2022)the COVID-19 pandemic *** During the pre-pandemic period,a decrease in adolescent sexual intercourse was observed(6.34%in 2006,5.53%in 2012,and 5.87%in 2019).However,in the post-pandemic period(2020-2022),there was a surge in sexual intercourse(4.55%in 2020 and 6.20%in 2022).This evident alteration in sexual intercourse trajectory between pre-and post-pandemic periods was statistically signif.cant[βdif.,0.950;95%conf.dence interval(CI),0.756-1.144].Regarding contraceptive use among South Korean adolescents,there was an increase in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic phase across all demographic segments(14.61%in 2006,22.30%in 2012,and 47.69%in 2022)but a notable decline when compared with the pre-and post-pandemic periods(βdif.,-0.319;95%CI,-0.454 to-0.184).Additionally,during the study period,a decrease in sexual intercourse was observed in the pre-pandemic period(β,-0.129;95%CI,-0.148 to-0.110),f.llowed by an increase in the post-pandemic period(β,0.821;95%CI,0.627 to 1.014).This shif. is highlighted by an ef.ect size of.0.96[weighted odds ratio(wOR);95%CI,0.92 to 1.00],indicating a subst

关键词： Adolescent Contraception COVID-19 Pandemic Risky sexual behavior

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Phylogenetic reconstruction of.Chirita and allies (Gesneriaceae) with taxonomic treatments

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Journal of.Systematics and Evolution 2011年第1期49卷 50-64页

作者： James f. smith Department of.Biological Sciences Boise State University

Chirita D. Don, a large genus in the subf.mily Cyrtandroideae of.Gesneriaceae, has been the subject of.much debate whether it is a natural group or not. In addition, the highly heterogeneous Chirita has also been very problematic with regard to delimitation and subdivision. Here we used the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer and cpDNA trnL-f.f.r molecular phylogenetic analaysis, combined with morphological data. Our results suggest that Chirita is an artif.cial, polyphyletic genus. The most important character that def.nes Chirita, the dorso-ventrally oblique and bilamellar stigma, has evolved convergently in dif.erent clades of.diandrous Cyrtandroideae. Chirita sensu stricto only includes the species of.Chirita sect. Chirita, whereas Chirita sect. Microchirita is an independent clade located at the basal node of.the phylogenetic tree. Chirita sect. Liebigia is closely related to Didymocarpus with an entire stigma unlike other species of.Chirita. The species of.Chirita sect. Gibbosaccus, Chiritopsis, Primulina, and Wentsaiboea f.rm a monophyletic group that is sister to a strongly supported clade comprising f.ur monotypic genera Paralagarosolen, Calcareoboea, Petrocodon, and Tengia. We f.rther analyzed the morphological evolution of.Chirita and identif.ed a series of.morphological synapomorphies f.r the monophyletic groups revealed herein, and thereby provide a taxonomic treatment in this study.

关键词： Chirita D. Don morphological evolution phylogenetic reconstruction polyphyly taxonomic treatment.

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Does the use of.double hormone replacement therapy f.r trauma patient organ donors improve organ recovery f.r transplant

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World Journal of.Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 119-125页

作者： Eden M Gallegos Tanner Reed Paige Deville Blake Platt Claudia Leonardi Lillian Bellf. Jessica Duf.ene Saad Chaudhary john Hunt Lance Stuke Patrick Greif.enstein Jonathan Schoen Alan Marr Anil Paramesh Alison A smith Department of.Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70124United States Department of.Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of.Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of.Trauma Surgery Tacoma General HospitalTacoma 98405United States Department of.Public Health Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of.Donation Services Louisiana Organ Procurement AgencyCovingtonLA 70433United States Department of.Surgery Tulane Transplant InstituteTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112United States

BACKGROUND With an ongoing demand f.r transplantable organs,optimization of.donor management protocols,specif.cally in trauma populations,is important f.r obta-ining a high yield of.viable organs per *** management of.brain-dead potential organ donors(BPODs)is controversial,leading to heterogeneous clinical management *** studies have shown that when levo-thyroxine was combined with other treatments,including steroids,vasopressin,and insulin,BPODs had better organ recovery and survival outcomes were increased f.r transplant *** To determine if.levothyroxine use in combination with steroids in BPODs increased the number of.organs donated in trauma *** A retrospective review of.adult BPODs f.om a single level 1 trauma center over ten years was *** criteria included patients who were not solid organ donors,patients who were not declared brain dead(donation af.er circulatory death),and patients who did not receive steroids in their hospital *** and steroid administration,the number of.organs donated,the types of.organs donated,and demographic inf.rmation were *** analyses were perf.rmed with Pf.88 patients met inclusion criteria,69(78%)of.whom received levothyroxine and steroids(ST/LT group)vs 19(22%)receiving steroids without levothyroxine(ST group).No dif.erences were observed between the groups f.r gender,race,pertinent injury f.ctors,age,or other hormone therapies used(P>0.05).In the ST/LT group,68.1%(n=47)donated a high yield(3-5)of.organ types per donor compared to 42.1%(n=8)in the ST group(P=0.038).There was no dif.erence in the total number of.organ types donated between the groups(P=0.068).CONCLUSION This study suggests that combining levothyroxine and steroid administration increases high-yield organ donation per donor in BPODs in the trauma patient *** to this study include

关键词： Organ donation Trauma Brain death Levothyroxine Hormone replacement therapy Steroids Organ donor Retrospective

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Optimization of.Stealthwatch Network Security System f.r the Detection and Mitigation of.Distributed Denial of.Service (DDoS) Attack: Application to Smart Grid System

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Communications and Network 2024年第3期16卷 108-134页

作者： Emmanuel S. Kolawole Penrose S. Cof.e john H. f.ller Cajetan M. Akujuobi Emmanuel A. Dada Justin f. f.reman Pamela H. Obiomon Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA

The Smart Grid is an enhancement of.the traditional grid system and employs new technologies and sophisticated communication techniques f.r electrical power transmission and distribution. The Smart Grid’s communication network shares inf.rmation about status of.its several integrated IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices). However, the IEDs connected throughout the Smart Grid, open opportunities f.r attackers to interf.re with the communications and utilities resources or take clients’ private data. This development has introduced new cyber-security challenges f.r the Smart Grid and is a very concerning issue because of.emerging cyber-threats and security incidents that have occurred recently all over the world. The purpose of.this research is to detect and mitigate Distributed Denial of.Service [DDoS] with application to the Electrical Smart Grid System by deploying an optimized Stealthwatch Secure Network analytics tool. In this paper, the DDoS attack in the Smart Grid communication networks was modeled using Stealthwatch tool. The simulated network consisted of.Secure Network Analytic tools virtual machines (VMs), electrical Grid network communication topology, attackers and Target VMs. f.nally, the experiments and simulations were perf.rmed, and the research results showed that Stealthwatch analytic tool is very ef.ective in detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks in the Smart Grid System without causing any blackout or shutdown of.any internal systems as compared to other tools such as GNS3, NeSSi2, NISST f.amework, OMNeT++, INET f.amework, ReaSE, NS2, NS3, M5 Simulator, OPNET, PLC & TIA Portal management Sof.ware which do not have the capability to do so. Also, using Stealthwatch tool to create a security baseline f.r Smart Grid environment, contributes to risk mitigation and sound security hygiene.

关键词： Smart Grid System Distributed Denial of.Service (DDoS) Attack Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems Detection Mitigation and Stealthwatch

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