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Calcium-mediated paired pulse depression in juvenile rat dorsal striatum

Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第10期7卷 772-777页

作者： Yuf.ng Xie Michael f. Jackson john f. macdonald Robarts Research Institute University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada Department of.Physiology and Pharmacology University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada Department of.Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Westem Ontario London Ontario Canada

As the major division of.the basal ganglia, neostriatum f.rms mutual connections with multiple brain areas and is critically involved in motor control and learning/memory. Long-term synaptic plasticity has been widely studied in dif.erent species recently. However, there are rare reports about the short-term synaptic plasticity in neostratium. In the present study, using f.eld excitatory postsynaptic potentials recording, we reported one f.rm of.short-term synaptic plasticity that is paired pulse depression in juvenile rat dorsal striatum slices induced by stimuli of.the white matter. The f.eld excitatory postsynaptic potentials could be abolished by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylizoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, but not by gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor antagonist bicuculline or dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SKf.81297. The paired pulse depression in the corticostratial pathway was dif.erent f.om paired pulse f.cilitation in the hippocampal CA1 synapse. In addition, the paired pulse depression was not af.ected by bath application of.gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor antagonist or dopamine D1 receptor antagonist. However, low calcium and high magnesium could attenuate the paired pulse depression. These f.ndings suggest a more complicated plasticity f.rm in the dorsal striatum of.juvenile rats that is dif.erent f.om that in the hippocampus, which is related with extracellular calcium.

关键词： paired pulses depression dorsal striatum calcium juvenile rats

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Energy Meteorology f.r the Evaluation of.Solar f.rm Thermal Impacts on Desert Habitats

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第2期42卷 313-326页

作者： Carlos f.M.COIMBRA Department of.Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Jacobs School of EngineeringCenter of Excellence in Renewable Resource Integration and Center for Energy ResearchUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

This work addresses challenges and opportunities in the evaluation of.solar power plant impacts,with a particular f.cus on thermal ef.ects of.solar plants on the environment and ***-scale solar power plants are of.en sited in arid or desert habitats,which tend to include f.una and f.ora that are highly sensitive to changes in temperature and *** understanding of.both shortwave(solar)and longwave(terrestrial)radiation processes in solar power plants is complete enough to render the modeling of.radiation f.uxes with high conf.dence f.r most *** contrast to radiation,the convective environment in large-scale solar power plants is much more dif.icult to *** direction,wind speed,turbulence intensity,dust concentration,ground condition,panel conf.guration density,orientation and distribution throughout the solar f.eld,all af.ect the local environment,the balance between radiation and convection,and in turn,the perf.rmance and thermal impact of.solar power *** the temperatures of.the two sides of.photovoltaic(PV)panels depend on detailed convection-radiation balances,the uncertainty associated with convection af.ects the heat and mass transf.r balances as *** balances are critically important in estimating the thermal impact of.large-scale solar f.rms on local *** we discuss outstanding issues related with these transf.r processes f.r utility-scale solar generation and highlight potential pathways to gain usef.l knowledge about the convective environment directly f.om solar f.rms under operating conditions.

关键词： environmental impact solar f.rms thermal balances shortwave and longwave radiation convection

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Design of.Poiseuille f.ow Controllers Using the Method of.Inequalities

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International Journal of.Automation and computing 2009年第1期6卷 14-21页

作者： john McKernan James f. Whidborne George Papadakis Department of.Mechanical Engineering King s College London Strand Department of.Aerospace Sciences Cranfield University

This paper investigates the use of.the method of.inequalities （MoI） to design output-f.edback compensators f.r the problem of.the control of.instabilities in a laminar plane Poiseuille f.ow. In common with many f.ows, the dynamics of.streamwise vortices in plane Poiseuille f.ow are very non-normal. Consequently, small perturbations grow rapidly with a large transient that may trigger nonlinearities and lead to turbulence even though such perturbations would, in a linear f.ow model, eventually decay. Such a system can be described as a conditionally linear system. The sensitivity is measured using the maximum transient energy growth, which is widely used in the f.uid dynamics community. The paper considers two approaches. In the f.rst approach, the MoI is used to design low-order proportional and proportional-integral （PI） controllers. In the second one, the MoI is combined with Mcf.rlane and Glover＇s H∞ loop-shaping design procedure in a mixed-optimization approach.

关键词： Transient energy growth transient behaviour f.ow control Poiseuille f.ow method of.inequalities (MoI) mixed opti-mization H∞-optimization.

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Controlling light with light using coherent metadevices: all-optical transistor, summator and invertor

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 360-366页

作者： Xu f.ng Kevin f.macdonald Nikolay I Zheludev Optoelectronics Research Centre&Centre f.r Photonic Metamaterials University of Southampton SO171BJUK Centre f.r Disruptive Photonic Technologies TPINanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore

Although vast amounts of.inf.rmation are conveyed by photons in optical f.bers,the majority of.data processing is perf.rmed electronically,creating the inf.mous‘inf.rmation bottleneck’and consuming energy at an increasingly unsustainable *** potential f.r photonic devices to directly manipulate light remains unf.lf.lled due largely to a lack of.materials with strong,f.st optical *** this paper,we show that small-signal amplif.er,summator and invertor f.nctions f.r optical signals may be realized using a f.ur-port device that exploits the coherent interaction of.beams on a planar plasmonic metamaterial,assuming no intrinsic *** redistribution of.energy among ports can provide nonlinear input-output signal dependencies and may be coherently controlled at very low intensity levels,with multi-THz bandwidth and without introducing signal distortion,thereby presenting powerf.l opportunities f.r novel optical data processing architectures,complexity oracles and the locally coherent networks that are becoming part of.the mainstream telecommunications agenda.

关键词： all-optical data processing coherent control photonic metamaterials

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Nonlinear dielectric optomechanical metamaterials

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 85-89页

作者： Jianf. Zhang Kevin f.macdonald Nikolay I Zheludev Optoelectronics Research Centre&Centre f.r Photonic Metamaterials University of SouthamptonSO171BJUK Centre f.r Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371

We introduce a dielectric photonic metamaterial presenting a giant nonlinear optical response driven by resonant optomechanical *** inherently f.ee of.Joule losses,it exhibits optical bistability at intensity levels of.less than 0.2 mW mm22 and,f.rthermore,manif.sts nonlinear asymmetric transmission with a f.rward:backward optical extinction ratio of.more than 30 dB.

关键词： Metamaterial optical bistability optomechanical

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Controlling light-with-light without nonlinearity

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Light(Science & Applications) 2012年第1期1卷 87-91页

作者： Jianf. Zhang Kevin f.macdonald Nikolay I Zheludev Optoelectronics Research Centre&Centre f.r Photonic Metamaterials University of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshire SO171BJUK

According to the f.ndamental Huygens superposition principle,light beams traveling in a linear medium will pass though one another without mutual ***,the f.eld of.photonics is based on the premise that controlling light signals with light requires intense laser f.elds to f.cilitate beam interactions in nonlinear media,where the superposition principle can be *** we challenge this wisdom and demonstrate that two coherent beams of.light of.arbitrarily low intensity can interact on a metamaterial layer of.nanoscale thickness in such a way that one beam modulates the intensity of.the *** show that the interf.rence of.beams can eliminate the plasmonic Joule losses of.light energy in the metamaterial or,in contrast,can lead to almost total absorption of.*** of.this phenomenon may lie in ultraf.st all-optical pulse-recovery devices,coherence f.lters and terahertz-bandwidth light-by-light modulators.

关键词： all-optical metamaterial plasmonic

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Landscape of.the mind

Landscape of the mind

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作者： Hof.ecker john f.

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Adjusting to climate:Acclimation,adaptation and developmental plasticity in physiological traits of.a tropical rainf.rest lizard

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 411-427页

作者： john LLEWELYN Stewart L.macdonald Craig MORITZ f.lipe MARTINS AmberleeHATCHER Ben L.PHILLIPS Centre f.r Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia CSIRO Land and Water TownsvilleQueenslandAustralia Centre f.r Biodiversity Analysis Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia School of.BioSciences University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

The impact of.climate change may be f.lt most keenly by tropical *** these taxa,it is argued,thermal specialization means a given shif. in temperature will have a larger ef.ect on *** species with limited dispersal ability,the impact of.climate change depends on the capacity f.r their climate-relevant traits to *** shif.s can occur through genetic adaptation,various f.rms of.plasticity,or a combination of.these *** we assess the extent and causes of.shif.s in 7 physiological traits in a tropical lizard,the rainf.rest sunskink(Lampropholis coggeri).Two populations were sampled that dif.er f.om each other in both climate and physiological *** compared trait values in each animal soon af.er f.eld collection versus f.llowing acclimation to laboratory *** also compared trait values between populations in:(i)recently f.eld-collected animals;(ii)the same animals f.llowing laboratory acclimation;and(iii)the laboratory-reared of.spring of.these *** results reveal high trait lability,driven primarily by acclimation and local *** contrast,developmental plasticity,resulting f.om incubation temperature,had little to no ef.ect on most *** results suggest that,while specialized,tropical ectotherms may be capable of.rapid shif.s in climate-relevant traits.

关键词： acclimation adaptation climate change ectotherm reptile

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Synchronous f.rmation of.the‘f.rearc’Bay of.Islands ophiolite and its basal high-temperature metamorphic sole constrained by U-Pb zircon ages

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Geoscience f.ontiers 2023年第6期14卷 234-272页

作者： Weiyao Yan john f.Casey Department of.Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of HoustonHoustonTXUSA

The welded metamorphic sole at the base of.the Bay of.Islands Ophiolite Complex(BOIC)in the Northern Appalachians of.Newf.undland shows a typical inverted pressure-temperature(P-T)metamorphic gradient f.om HT-MP granulite to LT-LP greenschist *** incorporates maf.c volcanic/plutonic protoliths mixed with pelagic,hemi-pelagic and coarser epiclastic sedimentary *** LA-ICP-MS U–Pb concordia ages,trace elements,and Ti-in-zircon geothermometry f.r -250 zircon analyses f.om three metabasites of.the upper HT sole amphibolites with N-MORB-like protoliths are *** samples collected within meters of.the ophiolite peridotite-sole contact of.the Blow Me Down Mountain and North Arm Mountain massif. yielded the oldest comparable concordia ages of.487.7±2.6 Ma and 489.1±3.1 Ma,respectively,that are both within error of.the igneous age of.488.3±1.5 Ma of.the directly overlying BOIC ophiolite,which f.rmed at a supra-subduction zone(SSZ)f.rearc spreading center.A third slightly younger age of.484.2±2.4 Ma was obtained f.r an upper HT amphibolite sample with similar phase assemblages but collected30 m below the peridotite contact of.the Table Mountain *** crystals analyzed have similar size and morphologies,subparallel rare earth element(REE)variation patterns,and steep heavy REE-enrichments((Lu/Gd)_(cn)>20),signif.cant positive Ce anomalies(dominantly>5)and slight positive to dominantly negative Eu anomalies(1.2–0.4).Zircon shows Th/U mean values of.0.37–0.48 with little to no rim to core *** Ti-in-zircon mean crystallization temperatures range f.om764–787℃.These neocrystallized zircon crystals appear to be derived f.om thin leucosomes within the three *** other samples also f.om the upper HT sole show evidence of.inherited detrital zircon with core dates spanning the Cambrian Notre Dame Arc through older Laurentian-like basement and rif. age *** of.the sole took place below a hot f.rearc asthenospheric wed

关键词： Ophiolite metamorphic sole U-Pb zircon ages Hot subduction interf.ce Supra-subduction f.rearc spreading center Arc-continent collision Taconic Orogeny

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Xylose: absorption, f.rmentation, and post-absorptive metabolism in the pig

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Journal of.Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 1-9页

作者： Nichole f.Huntley john f.Patience Department of.Animal Science 213 Kildee HallIowa State University Department of.Animal Science 201B Kildee HallIowa State University

Xylose, as β-1,4-linked xylan, makes up much of.the hemicel ulose in cel wal s of.cereal carbohydrates f.d to pigs. As inclusion of.f.brous ingredients in swine diets continues to increase, supplementation of.carbohydrases, such as xylanase,is of.interest. However, much progress is warranted to achieve consistent enzyme ef.icacy, including an improved understanding of.the utilization and energetic contribution of.xylanase hydrolysis product（i.e. xylooligosaccharides or monomeric xylose）. This review examines reports on xylose absorption and metabolism in the pig and identif.es gaps in this knowledge that are essential to understanding the value of.carbohydrase hydrolysis products in the nutrition of.the pig. Xylose research in pigs was f.rst reported in 1954, with only sporadic contributions since. Theref.re, this review also discusses relevant xylose research in other monogastric species, including humans. In both pigs and poultry, increasing purif.ed D-xylose inclusion general y results in linear decreases in perf.rmance, ef.iciency, and diet digestibility. However,supplementation levels studied thus f.r have ranged f.om 5% to 40%, while theoretical xylose release due to xylanase supplementation would be less than 4%. More than 95% of.ingested D-xylose disappears bef.re the terminal ileum but mechanisms of.absorption have yet to be f.l y elucidated. Some data support the hypothesis that mechanisms exist to handle low xylose concentrations but become overwhelmed as luminal concentrations increase. Very little is known about xylose metabolic utilization in vertebrates but it is wel recognized that a large proportion of.dietary xylose appears in the urine and signif.cantly decreases the metabolizable energy available f.om the diet. Nevertheless, evidence of.labeled D-xylose-1-^（14）C appearing as expired^（14）CO_2 in both humans and guinea pigs suggests that there is potential,although small, f.r xylose oxidation. It is yet to be determined if.pigs develop increased xy

关键词： Pentose utilization Swine Threitol Xylose absorption Xylose metabolism

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