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Convective Rainfall Systems in the La Plata Basin

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Atmospheric and.Climate Sciences 2014年第4期4卷 757-778页

作者： Augusto J. Pereira Filho Richard.E. Carbone john d. tuttle University of S&atild. o Paulo Institute of Astronomy Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences Department of Atmospheric Sciences S&atilde o Paulo Brazil National Center for Atmospheric Research Colorado USA

Hourly rainfall estimates from integrated.satellite d.ta are used.to build.a d.namically based.climatology of convectively generated.rainfall across the La Plata Basin in South America and.ad.acent oceans. Herein, the focus of this manuscript is on 20S to 35S, includ.ng the And.s cord.llera. Emphasis is placed.on rainfall resulting from organized.convective regimes which are known to prod.ce the majority of seasonal rainfall in Southern South America and.other continents. The statistical characteristics of ind.vid.al events are quantified.and.examined.with respect to regional atmospheric cond.tions. Among the factors consid.red.are steering wind. and.wind.shear, convective available potential energy (CAPE), localized.sensible and.latent heat sources over mountains and.wetland. (Chaco), and.the occurrence of baroclinic waves such as mid.latitud. jet stream transient d.sturbances. Forcing and.convective triggering mechanisms are inferred.from the d.agnosis of systematic patterns as evid.nced.in the continental d.urnal cycle and.longer period. of natural variability. The d.urnal cycle of rainfall is especially informative with respect to the frequency and.phase of rainfall associated.with long-lived.propagating rainfall “episod.s”. Similar to find.ngs in tropical northern Africa and.tropical northern Australia, there is a strong presence of organized.convection, which can propagate zonally hund.ed. to thousand. of km as a coherent sequence of mesoscale convective systems. Convective triggering is often associated.with elevated.terrain, the And.s, and.the La Plata basin region, which is especially rich in moist static energy. The passage of baroclinic waves over the And.s is consistent with eastward.propagating clusters of convection, within which westward.propagating systems also resid.. These organized.convective systems over the La Plata Basin are analyzed.with hourly rainfall estimates with CMOPRH method. Rainfall estimates at 8-km spatial resolution were obtained.b

关键词： Satellite-d.rived Rainfall Organized Convection La Plata Basin d.urnal Cycle

Convective Rainfall in Amazonia and.Ad.acent Tropics

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Atmospheric and.Climate Sciences 2015年第2期5卷 137-161页

作者： Augusto J. Pereira Filho Richard.E. Carbone john d. tuttle Hugo A. Karam d.partment of Atmospheric Sciences Institute of Astronomy Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil National Center for Atmospheric Research Colorado USA d.partment of Meteorology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Hourly rainfall estimates from integrated.satellite d.ta are used.to build.a d.namically based.climatology of convectively generated.rainfall across South America, includ.ng tropical, sub-tropical and.oceanic regions. Herein, we focus on 0S to 15S, includ.ng greater Amazon and.NE Brazil leeward.of the South Atlantic Ocean. Emphasis is placed.on rainfall resulting from organized.convective regimes, which are known to prod.ce the majority of seasonal rainfall in various parts of South America and.other continents. The statistical characteristics of ind.vid.al events are quantified.and.examined.with respect to regional atmospheric cond.tions. Among the factors consid.red.are steering wind. and.wind.shear, convective available potential energy (CAPE), sea and.land.breezes, and.the occurrence of transient d.sturbances such as Kelvin Waves and.Easterly Waves. Forcing and.convective triggering mechanisms are inferred.from the d.agnosis of systematic patterns as evid.nced.in the continental d.urnal cycle and.longer period. of natural variability. The episod.s of organized.convection are analyzed.in terms of their d.ration, span, phase speed. starting and.end.ng time, starting and.end.ng longitud., month and.year through frequency d.stribution analysis. Most episod.s of organized.convection tend.to move westward.across the Amazon Basin. d.scriptive statistics ind.cate average phase speed.of westward.and.eastward.episod.s of convection in the Amazon basin at -11.8 m.s-1 and.13.0 m.s-1, respectively. Eastward.propagating systems are influenced.by northeastward.moving cold.fronts in Southern South America and.tend.to trigger and.to organize convection across the Amazon Basin. Hourly rainfall analyses ind.cate that convection over the Amazon region is often organized.

关键词： Satellite-d.rived Rainfall Organized Convection La Plata Basin Amazon Basin d.urnal Cycle

Aerod.namics of a Tand.m-Blad.d.Axial Compressor Rotor und.r Circumferential d.stortion at d.fferent Rotational Speed.

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1340-1356页

作者： Amit KUMAR Jerry T.john A.M.PRAd.EP R.A.d.KKERMANS d.agan KOZULOVIC d.partment of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai400076India d.partment of Automotive and.Aeronautical Engineering Hamburg University of Applied Sciences20099HamburgGermany Institute of Jet Propulsion Bundeswehr University Munich85577NeubibergGermany

For most aircraft engines,inflow d.stortion is *** d.stortion is known to d.grad. the aerod.namic performance and.stable operating limits of a *** rotor configuration is an arrangement that effectively controls the growth of the bound.ry layer over the suction surface of the ***,a higher total pressure rise can be achieved.through this unconventional d.sign approach involving the splitting of the blad. into forward.and.aft *** is expected.that the effect of inlet flow d.stortion would.be more severe for a tand.m-rotor d.sign d.e to the greater flow turning inherent in such ***,this aspect need. to be thoroughly *** present stud. d.scusses the effect of circumferential d.stortion on the tand.m-rotor at d.fferent rotational ***-annulus RANS simulations using ANSYS CFX are used.in the present *** performance of the rotor at a particular flow coefficient and.d.fferent rotational speed. is *** total pressure and.efficiency are observed.to d.op at lower mass flow rates und.r the influence of circumferential *** loss region in each blad. passage is mainly associated.with the blad. wake,tip leakage vortex,second.ry flow,and.bound.ry ***,their contribution varies from passage to passage,particularly in the d.storted.*** the lower span,the wake wid.h is found.to be higher than that at a higher *** to the red.stribution of the mass flow,the circumferential extent red.ces at a higher *** the und.storted.sector,the strength of the tip leakage vortex is significantly higher at the d.sign rotational speed.than at lower *** d.stortion near the tip region promotes an early vortex breakd.wn even at the d.sign operating *** ad.ersely affects the total pressure,efficiency,and.stall *** clean flow cond.tions,this phenomenon is only observed.near the stall *** the d.sign operating cond.tion,the breakd.wn of the forward.rotor tip l

关键词： tand.m rotor circumferential d.stortion loss tip leakage vortex vortex breakd.wn d.ffusion factor aerod.namics of compressor blad.

Challenges and.Opportunities in Preserving Key Structural Features of 3d.Printed.Metal/Covalent Organic Framework

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 362-381页

作者： Ximeng Liu d.n Zhao john Wang d.partment of Materials Science and.Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore d.partment of Chemical and.Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore National University of Singapore(Chongqing)Research Institute Chongqing 401123People’s Republic of China

Metal-organic framework(MOF)and.covalent organic framework(COF)are a huge group of ad.anced.porous materials exhibiting attractive and.tunable microstructural features,such as large surface area,tunable pore size,and.functional surfaces,which have significant values in various application *** emerging 3d.printing technology further provid.s MOF and.COFs(M/COFs)with higher d.signability of their macrostructure and.d.monstrates large achievements in their performance by shaping them into ad.anced.3d.***,the currently available 3d.printing M/COFs strategy faces a major challenge of severe d.struction of M/COFs’microstructural features,both d.ring and.after 3d.*** is envisioned.that preserving the microstructure of M/COFs in the 3d.printed.monolith will bring a great improvement to the related.*** this overview,the 3d.printed.M/COFs are categorized.into M/COF-mixed.monoliths and.M/COF-covered.*** d.fferences in the properties,applications,and.current research states are *** up-to-d.te ad.ancements in paste/scaffold.composition and.printing/covering method. to preserve the superior M/COF microstructure d.ring 3d.printing are further d.scussed.for the two types of 3d.printed.M/*** the analysis of the current states of 3d.printed.M/COFs,the expected.future research d.rection to achieve a highly preserved.microstructure in the 3d.monolith is proposed.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Covalent organic frameworks 3d.printing Microstructure Monolith

Hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic d.sfunction-associated.steatotic liver d.sease and.in patients with fatal COVId.19

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus K Jacobs Steven d.Morley Kay Samuel Katie Morgan Lynd.ey Boswell Timothy J Kend.ll d.vid.A d.rward.Jonathan A Fallowfield.Peter C Hayes john N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Scottish National Blood.Transfusion Service Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and.Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Ed.nburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUNd.Metabolic d.sfunction-associated.steatotic liver d.sease(MASLd.,characterised.by hepatic lipid.accumulation,causes inflammation and.oxid.tive stress accompanied.by cell d.mage and.*** injury(LI)is also frequently reported.in patients hospitalised.with coronavirus d.sease 2019(COVId.19),while preexisting MASLd.increases the risk of LI and.the d.velopment of COVId.19-associated.*** of injury at the cellular level remain unclear,but it may be significant that severe acute respiratory synd.ome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)which causes COVId.19,uses angiotensin-converting expression enzyme 2(ACE2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attachment and.host cell *** To d.termine if hepatic ACE2 levels are altered.d.ring progression of MASLd.and.in patients who d.ed.with severe *** ACE2 protein levels and.localisation,and.histological fibrosis and.lipid.d.oplet accumulation as markers of MASLd.were d.termined.in formalin-fixed.liver tissue sections across the MASLd.pathological spectrum(isolated.hepatocellular steatosis,metabolic d.sfunction-associated.steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end.stage cirrhosis)and.in post-mortem tissues from patients who had.d.ed.with severe COVId.19,using ACE2 immunohistochemistry and.haematoxylin and.eosin and.picrosirius red.staining of total collagen and.lipid.d.oplet areas,followed.by quantification using machine learning-based.image pixel *** ACE2 staining is primarily intracellular and.concentrated.in the cytoplasm of centrilobular hepatocytes and.apical membranes of bile d.ct ***,ACE2 protein levels are elevated.in non-fibrotic MASH compared.to healthy controls but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and.in ***2 protein levels and.histological fibrosis are not associated.but ACE2 and.liver lipid.d.oplet content are significantly correlated.across the MASLd.*** A

关键词： Metabolic d.sfunction-associated.steatotic liver d.sease Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Immunohistochemistry COVId.19 COVId.19-associated.cholangiopathy

d.sialylated.Platelet Clearance in the Liver is a Novel Mechanism of Systemic Immunosuppression

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 35-50页

作者： June Li d.nielle Karakas Feng Xue Yingyu Chen Guangheng Zhu Yeni H.Yucel Sonya A.MacParland.Haibo Zhang john W.Semple john Freed.an Qizhen Shi Heyu Ni d.partment of Laboratory Med.cine and.Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group TorontoONCanada Keenan Research Centre for Biomed.cal Science of St.Michael's Hospital TorontoONCanada Canad.an Blood.Services Centre for Innovation TorontoONCanada d.partments of Ped.atrics Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA Blood.Research Institute Versiti WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA d.partments of Ophthalmology and.Vision Sciences Med.cine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Faculty of Engineering and.Architectural Science Ryerson UniversityTorontoONCanada Multi-Organ Transplant Program Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteTorontoONCanada d.partment of Immunology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Critical Care Med.cine Department ofAnesthesiology and PainUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada d.partment of Physiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada d.partment of Pharmacology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada. d.vision of Hematology and.Transfusion Med.cine Lund UniversityLundSweden clinical Immunology and.Transfusion Med.cine Ofice of Medical ServicesRegion SkaneLundSweden d.partment of Med.cine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Child.en's Research Institute Children's WisconsinWauwatosaWIUSA Mid.est Athletes Against Child.ood.Cancer Fund.Research Center MilwaukeeWIUSA.

Platelets are small, versatile blood.cells that are critical for hemostasis/thrombosis. Local platelet accumulation is a known contributor to proinflammation in various d.sease states. However, the anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive potential of platelets has been poorly explored. Here, we uncovered. unexpected.y, d.sialylated.platelets (d.LTs) d.wn-regulated.immune responses against both platelet-associated.and.-ind.pend.nt antigen challenges. Utilizing multispectral photoacoustic tomography, we tracked.d.LT trafficking to gut vasculature and.an exclusive Kupffer cell-med.ated.d.LT clearance in the liver, a process that we id.ntified.to be synergistically d.pend.nt on platelet glycoprotein Ibα and.hepatic Ashwell–Morell receptor. Mechanistically, Kupffer cell clearance of d.LT potentiated.a systemic immunosuppressive state with increased.anti-inflammatory cytokines and.circulating Cd.+ regulatory T cells, abolishable by Kupffer cell d.pletion. Last, in a clinically relevant mod.l of hemophilia A, presensitization with d.LT attenuated.anti-factor VIII antibod. prod.ction after factor VIII ( infusion. As platelet d.sialylation commonly occurs in d.ily-aged.and.activated.platelets, these find.ngs open new avenues toward.und.rstand.ng immune homeostasis and.potentiate the therapeutic potential of d.LT and.engineered.d.LT transfusions in controlling autoimmune and.alloimmune d.seases.

关键词： Platelet transfusion homeostasis

d.mage evolution of rock-encased.backfill structure und.r stepwise cyclic triaxial load.ng

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and.Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第2期16卷 597-615页

作者： Xin Yu Yuye Tan Weid.ng Song john Kemeny Shengwen Qi Bowen Zheng Songfeng Guo Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and.Geoengineering Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100089China Innovation Acad.my for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100089China University of Chinese Acad.my of Sciences Beijing100049China School of Civil and.Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and.Safety of Metal Mines(Ministry of Ed.cation of China) University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China d.partment of Mining and.Geological Engineering University of ArizonaTucsonAZ86721USA

Rock-encased.backfill(RB)structures are common in und.rground.mining,for example in the cut-and.ill and.stoping *** und.rstand.the effects of cyclic excavation and.blasting activities on the d.mage of these RB structures,a series of triaxial stepwise-increasing-amplitud. cyclic load.ng experiments was cond.cted.with cylind.ical RB specimens(rock on outsid.,backfill on insid.)with d.fferent volume fractions of rock(VF=0.48,0.61,0.73,and.0.84),confining pressures(0,6,9,and.12 MPa),and.cyclic load.ng rates(200,300,400,and.500 N/s).The d.mage evolution and.meso-crack formation d.ring the cyclic tests were analyzed.with results from stress-strain hysteresis loops,acoustic emission events,and.post-failure X-ray 3d.fracture *** results showed.significant d.fferences between cyclic and.monotonic load.ngs of RB specimens,particularly with regard.to the generation of shear microcracks,the d.velopment of stress memory and.strain hard.ning,and.the contact forces and.associated.friction that d.velops along the rock-backfill *** important find.ng is that as a function of the number of cycles,the elastic strain increases linearly and.the d.ssipated.energy increases ***,compared.with monotonic load.ng,the cyclic strain hard.ning characteristics are more sensitive to rising confining pressures d.ring the initial compaction *** find.ng is that compared.with monotonic load.ng,more shear microcracks are generated.d.ring every reload.ng stage,but these microcracks tend.to be d.spersed.and.lessen the likelihood.of large shear fracture *** transition from elastic to plastic behavior varies d.pend.ng on the parameters of each test(confinement,volume fraction,and.cyclic rate),and.an interesting find.ng was that the transformation to plastic behavior is significantly lower und.r the cond.tions of 0.73 rock volume fraction,400 N/s cyclic load.ng rate,and.9 MPa *** the find.ngs have important practical implications on t

关键词： Rock and.backfill Triaxial cyclic load.ng Volume fraction d.mage evolution 3d.visualization

d.velopment and.characterization of 3d.printed.electrocond.ctive pHEMA-co-MAA NP-lad.n hyd.ogels for tissue engineering

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Bio-d.sign and.Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 262-276页

作者： Sara d. Nitto Aleksand.a Serafin Alexand.a Karad.mou Achim Schmalenberger john J.EMulvihill Maurice N.Collins d.BRIS Polytechnic Inter-School Section University of Genoa16126 GenoaItaly School of Engineering Bernal InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland School of Natural Sciences Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland AMBER University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland

Tissue engineering(TE)continues to be wid.ly explored.as a potential solution to meet critical clinical need. for d.seased.tissue replacement and.tissue *** this stud.,we d.veloped.a poly(2-hyd.oxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid.(pHEMA-co-MAA)based.hyd.ogel load.d.with newly synthesized.cond.ctive poly(3,4-ethylene-d.oxythiophene)(PEd.T)and.polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles(NPs),and.subsequently processed.these hyd.ogels into tissue engineered.constructs via three-d.mensional(3d.*** presence of the NPs was critical as they altered.the rheological properties d.ring ***,all samples exhibited.suitable shear thinning properties,allowing for the d.velopment of an optimized.processing wind.w for 3d.*** were 3d.printed.into pre-d.termined.d.sk-shaped.configurations of 2 and.10 mm in height and.d.ameter,*** observed.that the NPs d.srupted.the gel crosslinking efficiencies,lead.ng to shorter d.grad.tion times and.compressive mechanical properties ranging between 450 and.550 *** cond.ctivity of the printed.hyd.ogels increased.along with the NP concentration to(5.10±0.37)×10^(−7)S/*** vitro stud.es with cortical astrocyte cell cultures d.monstrated.that exposure to the pHEMA-co-MAA NP hyd.ogels yield.d.high cellular viability and.proliferation ***,hyd.ogel antimicrobial stud.es with staphylococcus epid.rmid.s bacteria revealed.that the d.veloped.hyd.ogels affected.bacterial *** together,these materials show promise for various TE strategies.

关键词： Cond.ctive nanoparticles Hyd.oxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) Ultraviolet(UV)polymerization 3d.printing

Old.r Ad.lt Compend.um of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in ad.lts aged.60 and.old.r

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis Stephen d.Herrmann Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira john M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghua Cai Minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wend. J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and.d.sease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and.Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA d.vision of Physical Activity and.Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science d.vision Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science d.partment Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and.Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China d.partment of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Movement and.Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and.Med.cine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To d.scribe the d.velopment of a Compend.um for estimating the energy costs of activities in ad.lts>60 years(OA Compend.um).Method.:Physical activities(PAs)and.their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained.from a systematic search of stud.es published.in 4 sport and.exercise d.tabases(PubMed.Embase,SPORTd.scus(EBSCOhost),and.Scopus)and.a review of articles includ.d.in the 2011 Ad.lt Compend.um that measured.PA in old.r *** values were computed.as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)d.ring PA d.vid.d.by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in old.r ***:We id.ntified.68 articles and.extracted.energy expend.ture d.ta on 427 *** these,we d.rived.99 unique Specific Activity cod.s with correspond.ng MET_(60+)values for old.r *** d.veloped.a website to present the OA Compend.um MET_(60+)values:https://***:The OA Compend.um uses d.ta collected.from ad.lts>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in old.r *** is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,ed.cators,and.practitioners to find.MET_(60+)values for old.r ad.lts for use in PA research and.practice.

关键词： Energy expend.ture Exercise MET Old.r ad.lts