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Structural effects induced by dialysis-based purification of carbon nanomaterials

Nano Materials Science 2024年第4期6卷 475-483页

作者： A.D.Veloso A.M.Ferraria A.M.Botelho do Rego A.S.Viana A.J.S.Fernandes A.J.Fielding R.A.Videira M.c.Oliveira cQ-VR and chemistry Department University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro BSIRG iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesDepartment of Chemical Engineeringand Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and BioeconomyInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa centro de Química Estrutural Institute of Molecular SciencesDepartamento de Química e BioquímicaFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa I3N and Physics Department University of AveiroCampus de Santiago Faculty of Science Pharmacy and Biomolecular SchoolLiverpool John Moores University REQUIMTE/LAQV Laborat orio de FarmacognosiaDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Farm aciaUniversidade do Porto

Dialysis plays a crucial role in the purification of nanomaterials but its impact on the structural properties of carbon nanomaterials was never ***,a carbon-based nanomaterial generated electrochemically in potassium phosphate buffer,was characterized before and after dialysis against pure *** is shown that dialysis affects the size of the carbon domains,structural organization,surface functionalization,oxidation degree of carbon,and grade of ***,dialysis drives the nanomaterial organization from discrete roundish carbon domains,with sizes ranging from 70 to 160 nm,towards linear stacking structures of small nanoparticles （cohol and ether （epoxide） surface groups evolve into more oxidized carbon groups （e.g.,ketone and ester groups）.Investigation of the as-prepared nanomaterial by electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） revealed a resonance signal consistent with carbon-oxygen centred ***,this study brings to light the selective affinity of the carbon nanomaterial under study to capture Na+ions,a property greatly enhanced by the dialysis process,and its high ability to trap oxygen,particularly before *** findings open new perspectives for the application of carbon-based nanomaterials and raise awareness of the importance of structural changes that can occur during the purification of carbon-based nanomaterials.

关键词： Nanocarbon Surface functionalization NMR XPS Hydrophilic carbon Paramagnetic

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The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli c.Bicknell c.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont T.crawford J.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butcher R.canchal J.A.carter A.cheney Y.collado-Vega H.connor T.crawford N.Eaton c.Feldman c.Forsyth T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov c.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky M.Jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz c.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer c.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad c.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun J.Thornhill W.Thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton c.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain ESTEc European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway john Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight centre MD 20771USA center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China centro de Astrobiologia(cAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the chinese Academy of Sciences(cAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind charge eXchange(SWcX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,china and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area ccD

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Apparent dissociation of photoperiodic time measurement between vernal migration and breeding under dim green light conditions in Gambel＇s white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii

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current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 349-359页

作者： Gang WANG Marilyn RAMENOFSKY john c. WINGFIELD Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Neurobiology Physiology Behavior University of California Davis CA 95616 USA. Shannxi Institute of Zoology & Northwest Institute of Endangered Zoological Species Xian 710032 Shaanxi China.

In seasonally breeding birds, the annual cycle of photoperiod is a principal environmental cue for temporal arrange- ment of different life-history stages, such as migration and breeding. In the past, most research has focused on the mechanisms of photoperiodic control of breeding with less attention paid to migration. In Gambel＇s white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leuco- phrys gambelii （GWcS）, photoreceptors for induction of breeding are known to reside in the basal hypothalamus. However, it is unknown whether the sites of photoperiodic reception for vernal migration are the same as those for breeding. Therefore, we hy- pothesized that they may be controlled separately. In this study, we exposed photosensitive GWcSs to low-penetration green light （wavelength at 510 nm） under a regime of 1 lux during the day and 〈0.1 lux at night, and switched the photoperiodic conditions from short day （10 h daytime） to long day （18 h daytime）. The results showed that the experimental birds developed traits associ- ated with vernal migration including mass increase, fat deposition and migratory restlessness behavior when transferred from short day to long day green light cycles, while control birds maintained continuously on short day green light conditions did not ex- press any migration related characteristics. Neither experimental nor control groups showed gonadal recrudescence trader either green light cycles. In support of our hypothesis, we were able to apparently dissociate the photoperiodic responses regulating vernal migra- tion and breeding, which suggests separate mechanisms of photoperiodic time measurement. Such distinct photoperiodic mechanisms may drive the free-tuned temporal arrangement of the two life history stages.

关键词： Gambel's white-crowned sparrow Vernal migration Gonadal recrudescence Photoperiodic time measurement

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Rare Earth-bearing particles in fly ash carbons:Examples from the combustion of eastern Kentucky coals

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Energy Geoscience 2021年第2期2卷 90-98页

作者： James c.Hower john G.Groppo University of Kentucky center for Applied Energy Research 2540 Research Park DriveLexington40511KYUSA University of Kentucky Department of Earth&Environmental SciencesLexingtonKY40506USA University of Kentucky Department of Mining EngineeringLexington40506KYUSA

Graphitic carbons from the combustion of bituminous coals and,perhaps,other coal ranks,tend to capture iron and a number of hazardous elements,including As,Hg,and *** earth elements in fly ashes occur in minerals,such as monazite,xenotime,and *** also occur in sub-nm particles,probably in a mineral form,within the AleSi glass on the investigated fly *** as graphitic carbons can capture Fe and hazardous elements,the carbons surrounding the fly ash glass and magnetic particles captures or encapsulates a broad suite of rare earth elements.

关键词： Lanthanides Fullerene Graphitic carbon Kentucky coal

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Amplitudon and phason modes of electrocaloric energy interconversion

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npj computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 97-102页

作者： john Mangeri Krishna c Pitike S Pamir Alpay Serge Nakhmanson Department of Physics University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA Department of Materials Science&Engineering and Institute of Materials Science University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA

Solid-state electrothermal energy interconversion utilising the electrocaloric effect is currently being considered as a viable source of applications alternative to contemporary cooling and heating *** performance of a dielectric system is critically dependent on the number of uncorrelated polar states,or‘entropy channels’present within the system phase *** physical origins of these states are currently unclear and practical methodologies for controlling their number and creating additional ones are not firmly *** we employ a multiscale computational approach to investigate the electrocaloric response of an artificial layered-oxide material that exhibits Goldstone-like polar *** demonstrate that in the low-electric-field poling regime,the number of independent polar states in this system is proportional to the number of grown layers,and that the resulting electrocaloric properties are tuneable in the whole range of temperatures below Tc by application of electric fields and elastic strain.

关键词： system energy excitation

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The preparation and performance of lignin-based activated carbon fiber adsorbents for treating gaseous streams

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Frontiers of chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 328-337页

作者： Min Song Wei Zhang Yongsheng chen Jinming Luo john c. crittenden Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal conversion and control (Ministry of Education) School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and control on chemical Process School of Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable System School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0595 USA

Two types of lignin-based carbon fibers were prepared by electrospinning method. The first was activated with Fe304 （LcF-Fe）, and the second was not activated with Fe3O4 （LcF）. Gas phase adsorption isotherms for toluene on LcF-Fe and LcF were studied. The gas phase adsorption isotherm for 0% RH showed LcF-Fe have about 439 mg/g adsorption capacity which was close to that of commercially available activated carbon （500 rag/g）. The Dubinin-Radushkevich equation described the isotherm data very well. competitive adsorption isotherms between water vapor and toluene were measured for their RH from 0 to 80%. The effect of humidity on toluene gas-phase adsorption was predicted by using the Okazaki et al. model. In addition, a constant pattern homogeneous surface diffusion model （cPHSDM） was used to predict the toluene breakthrough curve of continuous flow-packed columns containing LcF-Fe, and its capacity was 412 mg/g. Our study, which included material characterization, adsorption isotherms, kinetics, the impact of humidity and fixed bed performance modeling, demonstrated the suitability of lignin-based carbon fiber for volatile organic compound removal from gas streams .

关键词： lignin carbon fiber electrospinning toluene humidity

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Thulium fiber laser lithotripsy:Is it living up to the hype?

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第3期10卷 289-297页

作者： john Denstedt Fernanda c.Gabrigna Berto Division of Urology Department of SurgeryWestern UniversitySchulich School of Medicine and DentistryLondon Canada

Objective:The holmium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser(Ho:YAG)has been the gold standard for laser lithotripsy over the last three *** demonstrating good in vitro efficacy,the thulium fiber laser(TFL)has been recently released in the market and the initial clinical results are *** article aims to review the main technology differences between the Ho:YAG laser and the TFL,discuss the initial clinical results with the TFL as well as the optimal settings for TFL ***:We reviewed the literature focusing on the technological aspects of the Ho:YAG laser and TFL as well as the results of in vitro and in vivo studies comparing both ***:In vitro studies show a technical superiority of TFL compared to the Ho:YAG laser and encouraging results have been demonstrated in clinical ***,as TFL is a new technology,limited studies are currently available,and the optimal settings for lithotripsy are not yet ***:TFL has the potential to be an alternative to the Ho:YAG laser,but more reports are still needed to determine the optimal laser for lithotripsy of urinary tract stones when considering all parameters including effectiveness,safety,and costs.

关键词： Urolithiasis Thulium fiber laser Holmium:yttriumaluminium-garnet laser Laser lithotripsy

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An Unusual, Fangless Short-tailed Snake(Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae) from Sumatra, Indonesia

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Asian Herpetological Research 2013年第2期4卷 140-146页

作者： john c.MURPHY Harold K.VORIS Science and Education Field Museum

Two genera of fangless homalopsid snakes Brachyorrhos and calamophis from eastern Indonesia have been described as basal members of the clade. A third genus belonging to this group from Sumatra, Indonesia is described here based upon morphology. Fangless homalopsid snakes share 19 dorsal scale rows at mid-body, fused dorsal scales above the cloaca, 5 to 7 upper labials, divided anal plate, divided subcaudals, 15-21 teeth on the dentary, frontal bone about 23% of skull length and other morphological characters that suggest they are related. All the three genera are known only from Indonesia. The new genus and species have a distinctive skull morphology with an absent premaxilla, a more depressed skull, and a larger eye than are present in Brachyorrhos.

关键词： Brachyorrhos calamophis Karnsophis basal homalopsids skull osteology

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PVDF ultrafiltration membranes of controlled performance via blending PVDF-g-PEGMA copolymer synthesized under different reaction times

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 29-40页

作者： Shuai Wang Tong Li chen chen Baicang Liu john c. crittenden college of Architecture and Environment Sichuan University Chengdu 610207 China Institute of New Energy and Low carbon Technology Sichuan University Chengdu 610207 China Research center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Litree Purifying Technology co. Ltd Haikou 571126 China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Polyvinylidene fluoride grafted with poly（ethylene glycol） methyl ether methacrylate （PVDF-g- PEGMA） was synthesized using atomic transfer radical polymerization （ATRP） at different reaction times （9 h, 19 h, and 29 h）. The corresponding conversion rates were 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. PVDF was blended with the copolymer mixtnre containing PVDF-g-PEGMA, solvent and residual PEGMA under different reaction times. In this study, we explored the effect of the copolymer mixture additives with different synthesis times on cast membrane performance. Increasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA causes more PVDF-g-PEGMA and less residual PEGMA to be found in the casting solution. Incremental PVDF-g-PEGMA can dramatically increase the viscosity of the casting solution. An overly high viscosity led to a delayed phase inversion, thus hindering PEGMA segments in PVDF- g-PEGMA from migrating to the membrane surface. However, more residual PEGMA contributed to helping rnore PEGMA segments migrate to the membrane surface. The pure water fluxes of the blended membrane with reaction times of 9 h, 19 h, and 29 h are 5445 L. m 2.h I 1068 L- m 2.h land 1179 L.m 2.h I respectively, at 0.07 MPa. Delayed phase inversion can form smaller surface pore size distributions, thus decreasing the water flux for the membranes with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h and 29 h. Therefore, we can control the membrane pore size distribution by decreasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA to obtain a better flux performance. The membrane with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h exhibits the best foulant rejection and cleaning recovery due to its narrow pore size distribution and high surface oxygen content.

关键词： Polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltvation mem-braneAmphiphilic copolymerBlended modificationHigh fluxAtomic transfer radical polymerization

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Asymmetric reinforcement in Lucania killifish:assessing reproductive isolation when both sexes choose

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current Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 215-224页

作者： Michelle E.ST.john Rebecca c.FULLER School of Integrative Biology University of liois Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61820USA

Reinforcement can occur when maladaptive hybridization in sympatry favors the evolution of con-specific preferences and target traits that promote behav ioral isolation(BI).In many systems,enhanced BI is due to increased female preference for *** others,BI is driven by male preference,and in other systems both sexes exert *** of these patterns can be atributed to classic sex-specific costs and benefits of ***,sex differences in conspecific preference can emerge due to asymmetric postzygotic isolation(e.g.,hybrid offspring from female A × male B have lower fitness than hybrid offspring from female B × male A),which can lead to asymmetric BI(e.g.,female A and male B are less likely to mate than female B and male A).Understanding reinforcement requires understanding how conspecific preferences evolve in ***,estimating conspecific preferences can be difficult when both sexes are *** this study,we use Lucania killifish to test the hypothesis that patterns of reinforcement are driven by asymmetric postzygotic isolation between *** true,we predicted that sympatric female Lucania goodei and sympatric male *** should have lower levels of BI compared with their sympatric counterparts,as they produce hybrid offspring with the highest *** address the problem of measuring BI when both sexes are choosy,we inferred the contribution to BI of each partner using assays where one sex in the mating pair comes from an allopatric population with potentially low preference,whereas the other comes from a sympatric population with high *** one hybrid cross direction,we found that both female *** and male *** have high contributions to BI in *** the other hybrid cross direction,we found that only female *** contribute to *** male *** readily engaged in hybrid spawnings with allo-patric *** *** results indicate that both asymmetric postzygotic isolation

关键词： reinforcement behavioral isolatin female mate choice male mate choice asymmetric costs to hybridization

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