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Detection of Adaptive Genetic Diversity in Wild Potato Populations and Its Implications in Conservation of Potato Germplasm

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第10期11卷 1562-1578页

作者： Alfonso H. del Rio john B. bamberg USDA/Agricultural Research Service US Potato Genebank Sturgeon Bay WI USA

A better understanding on how genetic diversity is structured at natural habitats can be helpful for exploration and acquisition of plant germplasm. Historically, studies have relied on DNA markers to elucidate potato genetic diversity. Current advances in genomics are broadening applications allowing the identification of markers linked to genomic regions under selection. Those markers, known as adaptive markers, unlock additional ways to value and organize germplasm diversity. For example, conservation priorities could be given to germplasm units containing markers associated to unique geographic identity, and/or linked to traits of tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study investigated if adaptive marker loci were possible to be identified in a large AFLP marker dataset of ninety-four populations of the wild potato species S. fendleri. These populations originated from six different mountain ranges in southern Arizona, USA. A total of 2094 polymorphic AFLP markers were used to conduct genetic diversity analyses of populations and mountain ranges. Adaptive markers were detected using Bayesian methods which distinguished marker loci departing significantly from frequencies expected under neutral models of genetic differentiation. This identified 16 AFLP loci that were considered to be adaptive. To contrast diversity parameters generated with each set of markers, analyses that included all the 2094 AFLP markers, and only the 16 adaptive markers were conducted. The results showed that both were efficient for establishing genetic associations among populations and mountain ranges. However, adaptive markers were better on revealing geographic patterns and identity which would suggest these markers were linked to selection at the natural sites. An additiona

关键词： Adaptive Genetic Diversity AFLP Markers Plant Population Structure Potato Germplasm Solanum fendleri

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Effects of the Pesticide <i>Furadan</i>on Traits Associated with Reproduction in Wild Potato Species

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第11期3卷 1608-1612页

作者： Alfonso del Rio john bamberg Ruth Centeno-Diaz Alberto Salas William Roca David Tay International Potato Center (CIP) Lima Peru International Potato Center (CIP) Lima Peru. USDA/Agriculture Research Service US Potato Genebank Wisconsin USA

Natural populations of wild potato species are the backups for the diversity held in genebanks for research and breeding. Some potato species are known to grow in close proximity to cultivated fields, thus are potentially impacted by human activity, including exposure to pesticides. The present study tested the effects of a common pesticide on reproductive traits of potatoes known to grow in or near pesticide-treated fields in central Peru. Furadan? 4F, an insecticide— nematicide (common name = carbofuran) was applied at two different rates to populations representing 15 wild potato species in a greenhouse environment in Peru. Flowering duration of these populations was usually significantly reduced in comparison to a water control, and in a few cases, percent viable pollen also was. These findings suggest that agrichemicals may be having unintentional effects on wild potato populations in ways that could compromise their genetic diversity.

关键词： Potato Species Pesticide Contamination Genetic Drift Reproductive Capacity

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三维超声胎儿脑部重切协助产前诊断中枢神经系统畸形

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中国医疗器械信息 2008年第9期14卷 29-30,44页

作者： Karim D. Kalache Katja Eder Tilman Esser Hans Proquitt’e Gisela Stoltenburg-Didinger john P.Hartung Christian bamberg 李雪莲张珏华复旦大学附属妇产医院超声科

目的:评价三维超声的平面重切和非平面重切技术。方法:前瞻性研究经二维超声诊断为严重脑部畸形的胎儿。每一病例都获得高质量的胎儿脑部三维容积,并利用三维扩展成像的ObliqueView和动态MR技术对其进行分析。结果:检查8例胎儿(20-30孕... 详细信息

目的:评价三维超声的平面重切和非平面重切技术。方法:前瞻性研究经二维超声诊断为严重脑部畸形的胎儿。每一病例都获得高质量的胎儿脑部三维容积,并利用三维扩展成像的ObliqueView和动态MR技术对其进行分析。结果:检查8例胎儿(20-30孕周,平均23孕周)伴有下列中枢神经系统畸形:半叶全前脑、透明隔缺失、双胎输血综合征中的孔洞脑畸形、胼胝体部分缺失、Dandy-Walker畸形、脑穿通畸形、Galen静脉瘤及cavumvergae扩张。结论:对任何重建水平的三维容积进行平面和非平面的重切都能提供有价值的图像,但有一个重要的先决条件是获取资料的过程中没有声影。

关键词：中枢神经系统 Oblique View 产前诊断三维超声

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